Navegando por Assunto "Justificativas"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos das propriedades formais de regras em forma de pedido sobre o comportamento de escolha
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-21) LOPES, Danielly da Silva; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
The present study investigates the effects of the manipulation of justification about following rules. More specifically, tried to investigate the effects of a request to the occurrence of following the rules which describes that the emission of behavior should produce reinforcement immediately (rule nº 1) and the occurrence of following the rule which describes that the emission of behavior should produce reinforcement at the end of the research. thirty six undergraduate participated in the research, divided equally into six conditions. It was used a matching-to-sample procedure; the task consisted in pointing to each one of the comparison stimuli in a given sequence. The participant earned points, in continuous reinforcements to not follow the sequences of answers described in rules I and F. However, if after the last attempt (40th attempt) of the second phase of each condition the participant followed the rule, at least in seventy of eighty attempts of the study, he could earned a hundred points at the end of the research. The results suggest that manipulation of justifications to the following of rules, in other words, manipulation of found properties of rules, may determine the behavior of following the rules.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de justificativas sobre o seguir regras por participantes ortoréxicos.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-17) CARDOSO, Laís Caroline Ferreira; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
Introduction: The investigation of the variables involved in the establishment and maintenance of food behavior is important, mainly because the food ingested interferes in the survival of the organism. Eating disorders such as Ortorexia Nervosa can trigger impairment of social interaction of individuals. It is assumed that orthorexic behavior is controlled by rules associated with justifications. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate whether participants who present a repertoire of behaviors classified as orthorexic, tend to follow general rules associated with justifications or only food rules. Method: To do this, in the first stage of the research, 200 nutrition students from two colleges in Belém do Pará, the inflexibility questionnaire (to find adherents or not to follow rules) and the Orto-15 questionnaire as a means of research of orthorexic behavior. In the second stage, 12 participants (6 inflexible and 6 flexible) were exposed to a computerized version of the procedure of choice to experimentally evaluate the competition between control by justification for rule follow-up and control for immediate consequences. There were 4 phases, where in all, only the CEF, CFE, FEC, ECF and EFC sequences were reinforced immediately with points and participants only progressed to subsequent phases if they reached the stipulated score. In Phase 1 only the mentioned sequences were reinforced with exchangeable points for money in a continuous reinforcement scheme. Phase 2 had the FCE sequence (shape, color and thickness) as discrepant and only the CEF, CFE, FEC, ECF and EFC sequences were reinforced. In Phases 3 and 4 the FCE discrepancy rule was associated with type 5 justifications (verbal antecedents of what to observe: reports that may indicate examples of behaviors to be followed and examples of behaviors not to be followed) and again only the sequences CEF, CFE, FEC, ECF and EFC were strengthened. Results: Of the 200 students, 72% had a risk for orthorexia. In the second stage of the experiment, we had 12 participants, where only 8 went to phase 3 (6 flexible and 2 inflexible), 4 of these participants had a risk for developing orthorexic behavior (2 inflexible and 2 flexible) the rule follow-up and only 1 followed the discrepant rule until the end. The study showed that participants at risk for the development of orthorexia are good adherents of rules favorable to healthy eating, but that this is not valid for general rules associated with justifications of type 5, because they were under control of the immediate consequences.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de promessas de reforço de maior e menor magnitude sobre o seguir instruções em crianças
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-27) CASTRO, Juliany Lopes de; PARACAMPO, Carla Cristina Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9018003546303132
The study aimed to investigate the effects of justifications to follow instructions on the behavior of following instructions that produced loss of reinforcers. Twenty children aged between seven and nine were exposed to a procedure of choice modeled, and assigned to four experimental conditions that differed in the type of justification used and the phase at which it was presented. The task was to touch one of two comparison stimuli in the presence of a contextual stimulus. Were used as reinforcers tokens exchangeable for toys. In Conditions 1 and 2 were the justifications promises of reinforcement magnitude larger (buy favorite toys, if the statement was then) and in Conditions 3 and 4, were promises of reinforcement magnitude smaller (less preferred buy toys, if the statement was not followed). In Phases 1, 3 and 5, all conditions were given instructions corresponding to the contingencies of reinforcement and behavior programmed to follow them was consequenciado to earn token. In Phases 2 and 4, all conditions, no changes occurred in the contingencies of reinforcement signaled programmed, and maintenance of behavior to follow instructions was consequenciado with loss token. The results showed that all participants of the four conditions followed the instructions given in the corresponding Phases 1, 3 and 5. They also showed that 17 of the 20 participants failed to follow instructions when this behavior started producing token loss in Phases 2 and 4. The results of these 17 participants indicate that control by immediate consequences prevailed over control by presenting justifications for maintaining the following instructions. Three participants followed instructions that produced loss of token in Phases 2 and 4. These results, however, suggest that exposure to justifications containing reinforcing promises higher and lower magnitude if the next instruction is abandoned or maintained, respectively, may also contribute to keep the follow instructions even if this behavior pass to produce loss reinforcers.