Navegando por Assunto "Leishmaniose"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ação do alcaloide (+)-filantidina sobre o protozoário Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis e a célula hospedeira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-14) MORAES, Lienne Silveira de; SILVA, Edilene Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7410116802190343
Leishmaniasis is an antropozoonotic disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. These parasites proliferate primarily within macrophages of mammals and are responsible for promoting a variety of clinical manifestations, such as cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). The treatment available is chemotherapy, but is limited by toxicity and requires a long term treatment. The study of natural products from plants such as antileishmanial agent currently plays an important role in the search for new drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis. (+)-phylantidine, is an alkaloid extracted from stem of Margaritaria nobilis of the family Phyllanthaceae. The aim of this study is evaluated the effects of (+)-phylantidine on promastigotes forms of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and host cell. Antiproliferative activity of promastigotes forms was observed when parasites were treated with 50, 100 e 200 μg/mL of alkaloid for 96 hours, with reduction of 73.75%, 82.50% and 88.75%, respectively when compared with non-treated parasites. In the period of 96 hours it was observed an IC50 of 56.34 μg/mL. Amphotericin B was used as reference drug and reduction of 100% in parasites treated with 0.1 μg/mL was observed after 96 hours. Treatment with the alkaloid promoted important changes in promastigotes that were observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Alterations in cell body, flagellum, kinetoplast, mitochondria, rosette formation, presence of electrodense vesicles suggestive of lipid body and increase in structures like acidocalcisssomes were observed. In the host cell no cytotoxic effect was observed in the macrophages treated with the alkaloid and analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that the alkaloid promoted an increase in the number of cytoplasmic projections, increased cell volume and spreading. Thus, these results demonstrate that (+)-phylantidine was effective in reducing the growth of the protozoa, without citotoxy effect which may represent a promising natural alternative source for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos ecoepidemiológico associados à fauna flebotomínica de um fragmento florestal urbano
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-31) ROSÁRIO, Ingrid Nazaré Garcia; MÁLAGA, Sérgio Marcelo Rodríguez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4348571126707708; SILVA, Ivoneide Maria da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5206284058104362
Sand flies are insects vectors of several disease-causing pathogens, responsible for the transmission to animals and humans of numerous diseases, the main being leishmaniasis. The present study evaluated the ecoepidemiological aspects of the phlebotominal fauna in a forest fragment in the urban area of Belém (PA). From December 2015 to November 2016, monthly collections of sand flies were carried out in the forest fragment and in the peridomicile of nearby residences, with the aid of a CDC type light trap. A total of 4070 phlebotomines were collected, with identification of two genera and 24 species. The predominant species was Lutzomyia (Trichopygomyia) longispina (32.16%), followed by Lutzomyia (Evandromyia) infraspinosa (21.72%). The wealth estimators indicated that the sampling effort was satifastory for the studied area. There was no significant relationship between accumulated precipitation, temperature and relative humidity when analyzed with sandfly abundance. When related to climatic variables with species richness, only the accumulated monthly rainfall presented a negative relation on the richness of captured species. In the analysis of the vertical distribution the number of sandfly specimens captured at ground level was significantly higher than in the canopy, where 21 species were found in the soil, four of them exclusive to this stratum and 20 species in the canopy, with three occurring exclusively in the canopy. Four species with epidemiological importance were found: Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) flaviscutellata, Lutzomyia (Psychodopygus) ayrozai, Lutzomyia (Psychodopygus) paraensis and Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) antunesi. The females evaluated by PCR were negative for Leishmania spp. And most of the engorged females analyzed were fed on mammals. The knowledge of the fauna in an area of preservation under intense anthropic influence, can help in the understanding of the relation between the species and the degree of preservation of an area, and also in the knowledge of species that may play an effective role in the transmission of pathogens to man and animals.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigação de Leishmania SP em carrapatos de cães de bairros de Imperatriz-MA, através da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) FREITAS, Milena Sousa; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania, can affect humans and animals depending on the species of the parasite, transmitted by sandflies are female insects of the genus Lutzomyia, that in exercising hematophagism inoculated infective promastigote forms, but recently has been raised hypotheses about the transmission by ticks. According to the epidemiological surveillance of Imperatriz-MA is a city endemic for both Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (LT) and for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). This study aimed to investigate the presence of Leishmania spp in ticks collected from dogs presented to petshop and Zoonoses Control Centre of the Municipality of Imperatriz using the PCR technique. DNA was extracted from 640 female ticks and tested using the primer which amplifies the mini-exon gene of Leishmania sp. Ticks were collected from 41 dogs of different neighborhoods of Imperatriz. Most ticks were identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The following clinical signs of leishmaniasis in dogs were observed: onychogryphosis in 53.65% (22/41); ulcers 63.41% (26/41), hair loss and loss of appetite in 39.02% (16 / 41). One hundred and seventy ticks (26.56%) of 16 dogs had collected DNA from Leishmania subgenus Viannia, responsible for the cutaneous form of the disease. DNA was not detected none of Leishmania infantum chagasi. Infected ticks were collected from both symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. Although it has not been shown that ticks can transmit Leishmania to dogs under natural conditions, the outcome of this study has several important because it is a non-invasive method of detection, able to differentiate groups of parasites in circulation, particularly if animals do not have lesions, may be a biological indicator in places where there is an investigation done serological and entomological not and can support the programs of the local health surveillance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Prevalência da co-infecção Leishmania/HIV em pacientes atendidos em unidades de referência do município de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) PINHEIRO, Silvia Cristina da Silva; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
In order to investigate the prevalence of Leishmania infection in HIV seropositive patients without co-infection history, a cross-sectional study by analyzing clinical and epidemiological data from patients enrolled in AIDS Reference Units in Belém: CASA DIA and URE-DIPE were carried out between July and October 2008. Blood samples were collected from 377 patients that agreed to participate in the study for IFI and PCR assay and 55 of them were submitted to skin test, IDRM . The mean age was 38.2 years and 59% were female. The viral-load medians among 249 patients who had complete information about this variable were 30952.2. IFI was positive in 08 patients and PCR was positive in 22. A total of 314 patients were treated with HAART. We recorded 218 patients with episodes of diseases associated to HIV condition. Five patients related M. leprae / HIV co-infection, and none of them showed positive results by PCR for Leishmania. The intravenous drug use was related by 27 patients but the PCR was positive for Leishmania in only one patient, indicating that the transmission type was not inter-human. Among the patients who were submitted to IDRM, none of them showed positive reaction. In the present study, the PCR technique was more sensitive than IFI reaction, 6% and 2% respectively.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure and theoretical calculations of antileishmanial neolignan analogues
(2010) NASCIMENTO, Josenaide Pereira do; SANTOS, Lourivaldo da Silva; SANTOS, Regina Helena de Almeida; TOZZO, Érica; FERREIRA, Janaina Gomes; CARMO, Maria Carolina Lima do; BRASIL, Davi do Socorro Barros; ALVES, Claudio Nahum
The synthesis and X-ray crystal diffraction structure of two analogues of neolignans, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethanone (20) and 2-[(4-chlorophenyl)thio]-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-one (12) is described. The compound 12 presents activity against intracellular Leishmania donovani and Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes that cause cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. In addition, the density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP hybrid functional was employed to calculate a set of molecular descriptors for nineteen synthetic analogues of neolignans with antileishmanial activities. Afterwards, the stepwise discriminant analysis was performed to investigate possible relationship between the molecular descriptors and biological activities. Through this analysis the compounds were classified into two groups active and inactive according to their degree of biological activities, and the more important properties were charges on some key atoms, electronic affinity and ClogP.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento de leshimaniose tegumentar no município de São Domingos do Capim, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-28) LEAL, Helen Betânia Lobato; OLIVEIRA, Euzébio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1807260041420782; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8059-5902
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) refer to a group of diseases that mainly affect areas of extreme poverty. These often do not receive due attention and investment in research, prevention and treatment. The Northern region of Brazil is responsible for the largest number of reported cases, especially the municipality of São Domingos do Capim/PA. This motivated the need to understand which natural therapeutic means are used in the treatment of NTDs, especially Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (TL) in this municipality. This study aimed to evaluate the number of positive cases of the disease under study, during the last 5 years in the municipality, as well as to identify the use of medicinal plants that are most used for the treatment of TL in individuals with the disease. This is a descriptive, cross sectional and observational, qualitative study carried out based on the application of a questionnaire to assess the socioeconomic and structural conditions of the studied community. After information was provided by the Municipality's Health Surveillance sector, a total of 06 people were found positive for LT in the last 5 years. This study shows that the numbers of people reported as positive for LT in the Municipality of São Domingos do Capim between 2019 and 2023 are lower when compared to other municipalities in the northern region, despite this, Pará still remains in the ranking of one of the largest states that most notify LT in Brazil. Afterwards, it was noted that four people (04) reported not having used any medicinal plant as a therapeutic measure, and only two (02) people reported having used any medicinal plant at the beginning of the disease treatment, however they still reported that they did not they used it for more than a week, given that they did not obtain good results, and that in addition, the plants used contributed to the worsening of the symptoms. This study shows that despite the Municipality of São Domingos do Capim still having a precarious basic sanitation system, and high social vulnerability among other aggravating factors, LT had a significant drop in cases reported by the local Surveillance. It is important to mention that the majority of participants reported being very well supported by this sector, with appropriate drug treatments for the disease. Therefore, the use of medicinal plants as an alternative cure or treatment for this disease was considered scarce, with LT being considered a rarer practice in this study.