Navegando por Assunto "Leishmaniose tegumentar americana"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise espaço-temporal da Leishmaniose tegumentar americana em um circuito espacial de produção na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-31) NUNES, Mayara Mariana Costa; BEZERRA, Isis Abel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3274919406647242
The Northeast and Southeast regions of Pará concentrate a high incidence of cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). It is a disease characterized as one of the main neglected tropical diseases and constitutes a challenge for public health, requiring a great operational, technical and political effort, given the environmental nature involved in the epidemiology of the disease. In this scenario, understanding the secular behavior of the disease, considering regional peculiarities, can be of great value for planning future actions. This study aimed to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of ATL in 12 municipalities that are part of a disease production circuit in the Southeast and Northeast mesoregions of the state of Pará. For this purpose, a descriptive study of the ecological type, of a quantitative nature, was carried out through a retrospective investigation of clinical, spatial and epidemiological data from ACL, based on data collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System in 2006. to 2020. In total, 5,097 cases of the disease were reported during the study period. The incidence fluctuated over the period analyzed, ranging from 0.64/10,000 inhabitants in 2006 to 11.5/10,000 inhabitants in 2007, showing a stationary trend. Sociodemographic data revealed that the disease primarily affects men (83.6%) in their most productive phase (75.7%) and that the disease is related to fieldwork activities (62.7%). Most cases were autochthonous, but cases were reported from two countries in Latin America and two in Africa. The highest incidences were observed in the southeast of Pará and in the municipalities of the northeast of Pará that border Paragominas. The distribution of cases may be related to mining activities that led to deforestation and population migrations from other municipalities and states, especially the state of Maranhão, in search of jobs, generating a population jump. The importance of understanding the ATL transmission process at the local level is a fundamental issue to support surveillance and environmental control actions, and to contribute to the knowledge of the dynamics and circulation of the parasite between the foci of the same high transmission region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise morfológica das células de Langerhans purificadas da epiderme de camundongo Balb/c, após interação in vitro com Leishania (Viannia) brasiliensis e Leishamania (Leishmania) amazonensis
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003) QUARESMA, Mariana do Socorro Maciel; SALGADO, Claudio Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2310734509396125
Langerhans Cells (LC) are MHC class II positive antigen-presenting cells that constitute 2-3% of all epidermal cells, which have been demonstrated to stimulate a vigorous T-cell response to Leishmania major. New World cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by different species, presenting diverse clinical pictures, varying from cutaneous localized to mucous or anergic disease. Using a "panning" technique, murine (Balb/c) epidermal LC were purified to around 95% purity (pLC). The freshly prepared LC (fLC) presented small, delicate dendrites and the classic Birbeck granules. Parasites of the subgenera Viannia and Leishmania, which are genetically very distinct, have been suggested to have a possible species-specific response in cell mediated immunity. In this study, pLC and L. (V.) braziliensis or L. (L.) amazonensis were cultured and their morfology were analyzed after 12h or 36h culture. Using Giemsa stain and scanning electron microscopy, different morphologic changes were detected on LC afier 12h culture on both cultures, LC and L. (V.) braziliensis or LC and L. (L.) amazonensis. After interaction with L. (V.) braziliensis, LC became more dendritic, that were smaller in lenght when compared to LC cultivated alone. In contrast, after interaction with L. (L.) amazonensis, LC became round shaped with a few cells showing some dendrites. Moreover, there was a dose contact between the promastigotes flagelli and LC, but without phagocytosis in 12h or 36h culture, what is different of the observations found in the literature on the interaction between LC and L. major. These results suggest that LC primary response against different species of Leishmania could be distinct upon the species involved in the interaction process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Apresentação clínica, etiologia e distribuição geográfica da Leishmaniose tegumentar no município de Santarém, estado do Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-12-27) MARTINS, Nádia Vicência do Nascimento; GARCEZ, Lourdes Maria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1949154423200138; XAVIER, Marília Brasil; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0548879430701901
American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is an infectious disease affecting skin and mucosa, which has shown a significant increase in incidence in recent decades, has an overall prevalence of approximately 1.5 million cases annually worldwide. The present study is an analytic approach, descriptive, cross-sectional profile with the objective of establishing clinical and epidemiological correlations etiologies of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a series of cases in western Pará In the survey included 102 individuals presenting clinical manifestations of ATL, selected in from October 2009 to November 2011, attended the Center for Zoonosis Control in the city of Santarém, state of Pará variables were analyzed from the application of the chi-square tack and presented through figures and tables. The results demonstrate that prevailed infections in males 85.29%, aged 30 to 40 years 32.35%, workers and residents of rural areas engaged in occupations mostly peasants 21.57%, showed single lesions 63.72%, 77.45% ulcerated type, located in the lower limbs in 58.82% of cases, with time to disease progression of 02 months on average 74.50%. Conclusion: Six Leishmania species were identified, and the subgenus Viannia more prevalent and predominant species E (V). braziliensis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização de espécies de Leishmania isoladas de Flebotomíneos sp. de três ecótopos da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) DIAS JUNIOR, Manoel Guacelis de Sena; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
The American cutaneous leishmaniasis (LTA) is an infectious disease, with a high frequency of zoonosis, endemic in the Amazon region, transmitted by sand flies of generous Psychodopygus and Lutzomyia. Serra dos Carajás, located in southeastern Pará, is widely exploited by extractive companies and as a result, the LTA would be transformed into a major health problem to workers because of the practice of deforestation and construction of roads for drainage of the ore. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the natural infection in the sand fly by Leishmania in the Serra dos Carajás region through the PCR. Catches of sandflies were held in three different areas, Parque Zoobotânico de Quarentena, APA do Gelado and Tapirapé-Aquirí, with CDC-type of light traps and Shannon, during the night from the evening twilight. The sand flies captured were identified according to Young & Duncan, 1994, and frozen in N2. 5.947 sandflies were frozen, being 3.495 females and among these 550 specimens were tested. The extraction of DNA was performed using SDS and KOAc and it was precipitated with ethanol 96%. Subsequently, the PCR was performed by amplifying the mini-exon gene with the primers S1629 (5' GGGAATTCAATAWAGTACAGAAACTG 3') and S1630 (5' GGGAAGCTTCTGTACTWTATTGGTA 3'). The DNA of Leishmania was detected in 36 (6,5%) sand flies, 34 of subgenus Viannia detected in 30 Psychodopygus wellcomei/ complexus, three Lutzomyia whitmani and a Lutzomyia shawi. Two infections by Leishmania amazonensis was detected in Psychodopygus wellcomei/ complexus. Tapirapé - Aquirí, APA do Gelado and Parque Zoobotânico de Quarentena showed high rates of natural infection in sand flies 6.54%, 5.96% and 7.92% respectively. Ps. wellcomei/complexus still presents as Leishmania vector that cause LTA. Studies on the power of vector species Lu. whitmani and Lu. shawi naturally infected by Leishmania in the Serra dos Carajás should be intensified, if these species may be acting in the cycle of transmission of LTA in Serra dos Carajás. Studies that best explain the variation of the prevalence of different sandflies species and knowledge of the rate of infections should be also intensified in Serra dos Carajás.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização lipídica de duas cepas de Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis causadoras da leishmaniose tegumentar americana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-24) HAGE, Amanda Anastácia Pinto; SILVA, Edilene Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7410116802190343
The american cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania with high incidence in the Amazon region. A variety of leishmania species are responsible for this pathology. Thus, depending on the species and the immune response of the vertebrate host, the disease can display different clinical forms, including localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). The main species responsible for the LTA is Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. However, due to existence of a multiplicity of strains of this species and reduced number of related studies, it is important to know the basic metabolic aspects of the protozoa such as lipid metabolism in an attempt to characterize pathways or components essential to their development and infectivity. This study aimed to analyze the distribution of lipid droplets (LD) and lipid profile of two strains of L. (V.) braziliensis isolated from different clinical cases at different periods of the stationary phase of cell growth. The promastigotes of strains M17593 (LCL) and M17323 (LMC) of L. (V.) braziliensis were used in early stationary phase (STAT-E) and late stationary (STAT-L) of the growth. Initially, was performed ultrastructural analysis of promastigotes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and we could observe structures suggestive of LD distributed in the cytoplasm of the parasite, confirmed by imidazole-osmium cytochemical technique, organelles required for energy metabolism of the parasite. To quantify the LD distribution between the days of cultivation and between the different strains, analysis was performed by flow cytometry with BODIPY ® 493/503. The results showed that the MCL strain had a higher amount of LD during the late stationary phase. In LCL strain no significant difference was observed between the phases studied. Thus, it can be suggested that the increase inflammatory response that occurs in patients with MCL, is associated with LD accumulation in parasite, energy and eicosanoids source, such prostaglandins. Another hypothesis is the possible correlation between LD and the low phosphatidylserine exposure to the external surface of the membrane, important to parasite infectivity. For the total lipids analysis, parasites were subjected to lipid extraction, followed by HPTLC technique, which were found predominantly phospholipids, sterol esterified, sterols, triglycerides and fatty acids composing the parasite, with variations between strains and between phases studied. The LCL strain in late stationary phase has a higher amount of total lipids, which can be explained because this strain already known as the infective one, and possibly present high quantities of glycoconjugates associated with lipid subdomains important for the recognition of phagocytes. It is important to know the high infectivity of LCL strain compared to MCL strain, results in less inflammation. These results indicate that exist difference in lipid profile and LD distribution between different strains of L. (V.) braziliensis, which may be related to the parasite infectivity and the clinical manifestation of the disease.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigação do perfil sorológico e detecção do DNA de Leishmania spp. em cães de áreas endêmicas para Leishmaniose tegumentar americana no estado do Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) ALVES, Ana Camila Oliveira; RAMOS, Patrícia Karla Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9369669215667717; ISHIKAWA, Edna Aoba Yassui; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3074963539505872
Despite the records of dogs infected by Leishmania spp., the role of animals in the transmission cycle of the agents of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) transmission has not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of the canine infection in rural localities from Ulianópolis, Dom Eliseu and Rondon do Pará county, where so far no reported cases of human or canine visceral leishmaniasis (VL). From May to December 2011, were investigated 224 dogs in rural areas of three counties. From dogs with lesions were collected material for the direct detection of parasites. For indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were used as antigen promastogotes L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) shawi, L. (L.) amazonensis e L. (L.) infantum chagasi, reagents be considered sera with titers equal to or greater than 40. The DNA extraction from blood sample was performed using phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol, which was subsequently used for molecular detection by the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique (PCR). Primers S1629 and S1630 were used to amplify the mini-exon genes. Of the 224 dogs studied, 18 (8,04%) had lesions suggestive of ATL, of which only five was positive for the direct detection of parasites. In the serologic survey, 118 (52,68%) canine serum were reagent at least on of the antigens tested, with the highest percentage of global agreement (91,96%) was found in the association between the results of the antigens of L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (V.) shawi. In molecular research, among the 74 (33,04%) dogs with positive PCR detected DNA from Leishmania subgenus Viannia in 68 (91,89%), and four (5,40%) animals DNA L. (L.) amazonensis, whereas two (2,70%) dogs had mixed infection. No DNA was found compatible with L. (L.) infantum chagasi. The high frequency of dogs with reactive serum and the detection of DNA from Leishmania indicating the presence of infected dogs and greater circulation of the subgenus Leishmania Viannia than L. (L.) amazonensis in this region, however even with a large number of animals without clinical signs lerger studies are still needed to clarify the role of dogs in the transmission cycle of agents of the ATL.