Navegando por Assunto "Leite"

Agora exibindo 1 - 7 de 7

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da sustentabilidade na produção familiar no Sudeste Paraense: o caso dos produtores de leite do Município de Rio Maria
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-06-18) FEITOSA, Terezinha Cavalcante; HOMMA, Alfredo Kingo Oyama; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1026511676619526
This study analyzes the sustainability of milk production in smallholder areas subjected to the process of fast degradation of pastures established in upland areas (terra firme) in the border of the Brazilian Amazonia. The research was carried out in the Municipality of Rio Maria, Southeast of the State of Pará, one of the Municipalities internationally recognised for its high degree of land conflicts. Fifty-five smallholders in the Settlement Projects of Itaipavas 126, Barra Mansa, Mata Azul, Fazenda São Roque and Vale da Serra, who are sustained by cattle milk production, were interviewed during the months of July and August of 2002. The choice of the properties was intentional, and it was composed by the identification of the income from the cattle raising activities (sale of milk and heifers), as well as an analysis of the techniques used by the smallholders for pasture and livestock management, aiming the sustainability of the productive unit.That analysis allowed to identify, through the socioeconomic indicators, that, although cattle ranching is considered a low risk activity, economically viable for the Amazon region, among the smallholders it becomes an unsustainable activity, because the process of pasture degradation starts within three to five years of pasture establishment, without, however, allowing the production units to save economic resources for pastures reclamation.The sustainable income of livestock milk production activity, being very low relative to the income obtained soon after the initial phase of the activity, does not stimulate the adoption of more sustainable practices. The declining tendency of pasture productivity, with small short term increases, caused by pasture burning and weed control, has been compensated by the incorporation of new areas of pasture. The exhaustion of forest stocks leads to the collapse of the activity in spite of the existing market for meat and milk, when degraded pastures are not reclaimed. Considering an annual rate of pasture depreciation of 10% and an annual interest rate of 15%, farmers would have to invest at least 40% of their net profit to guarantee the pasture sustainability at a ten-year period. It was observed that the livestock milk production activities conducted by smallholders is causing a continuous drainage of the natural resources, without the due compensation in the sale price of those products (milk and beef). It is expected that these results can contribute to define public policies, with concrete measures for the smallholders involved in milk production in the sense of guaranteeing the reclamation of degraded pastures, because these smallholders are responsible for a great part of the ecological disbalance of the ecosystem in the Southeast of Pará State. Among the resource-poor cattle farmers there is no financing need for continuous acquisition of cattle, because all the farmers already possess livestock above the holding capacity of their pastures. In that case, it would be necessary instructing the farmers aiming the proper management of the herd and pasture and the creation of financing programs, aiming the recovery of degraded pasture areas. Among the farmers studied does not exist a conservation view, but rather, an anxiety to increase the herd size and pasture areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização de polimorfismos nos genes DGAT1 E GH em búfalas (Bubalus bubalis)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-11) SILVA, Caio Santos; MARQUES, José Ribamar Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0104908318773676
The Buffaloes are domestic animals belonging to Bubalus genus, Bovidae family and Artiodactyla order. Provide meat, milk and workforce. Are quite adapted to the climatic conditions of the state of Pará, producing well in those conditions. However, producers still need tested animals for production characteristics. There were used the technique of SSCP (single-strand conformation polymorphism) and SNP markers (single nucleotideo polymorphism), in order to characterize the 83 buffaloes from murrah and Mediterranean breeds. For the DGAT1, occured allelic frequency of 0.741 for the allele A, 0.253 for the allele B and 0.01 for the allele C. The genotypic frequencies were 0.54 for the AA genotype, 0.39 for the AB genotype, 0.06 for the BB genotype and 0.01 for the AC genotype. For the GH gene was found only one genotype. The DGAT1 gene showed considerable genetic variation and detects the presence of SNPs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização dos sistemas de produção na bovinocultura leiteira nas mesorregiões sudeste e nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-25) DANTAS, Vanderson Vasconcelos; GODOY, Bruno Spacek; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4036516695601666; OAIGEN, Ricardo Pedroso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8056365542183068
The dairy industry is of great importance in the regional economy in terms of employment and income generation , especially for family farming . Know the reality of these systems becomes essential so that they can generate specific grants for further development of the activity. In this context, studies on the different production systems emerge as an important tool. The objective of this study systems of milk production was characterized in the regions of Southeast and Northeast Pará through the use of multivariate analysis techniques . The survey was conducted through questionnaires with 112 properties located in the municipalities of Ulianópolis - PA and PA - Irituia . Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and processed using SPSS 18.0 software . Through frequency analysis revealed that the total area of varied properties 7-1600 ha . The owners were ranked according to the number of cows in the existing properties and the lowest represented by those with less than 10 cows, which corresponded to 5.35 % and higher over 50 ( 23.21 %). Regarding herd productivity observed an overall average of 4.34 ( L cow -1 day -1) . Feeding the flock is based on cultivated pastures , being the most used braquiarão . Only 19.60% of the properties held supplementation with concentrate and roughage with 13.39% . The reproductive management is performed in 86.6 % through natural mating without any control , which results in little specialized animals for dairy production . The management of milking presents itself as the poor hygienic and sanitary conditions , resulting in a poor quality product . Management practices show little expression among producers . With respect to the typology established through factor analysis revealed four factors that explained 66.99 % of the original variables , and the cluster analysis identified 4 groups of producers with similar profiles . The group III corresponded to the group of producers that had the highest adoption of technology such as supplemental feeding , health management , milking and activity management technology, thus having better performance with an average productivity of 5.02 ( L cow -1 day -1) . Groups I and II are characterized by family production systems with low specialization and low productivity and group IV consists of family farmers who presented with an incipient share of agriculture production , having the lowest production and economic returns.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Crédito e pecuária bovina leiteira em assentamentos da reforma agrária em Marabá-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-02-29) PEREIRA, Taynã Zandely da Silva; MARTINS, Paulo Fernando da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3223618156268542
The agrarian changes occurred in the Amazon region after the settlements and programs creation to support family farmers deserve to be addressed, especially the implications they have in the expansion of pastures and increased deforestation on the one hand, and the expectation that these changes may influence farmers to stay in the same area keeping their production systems. This work presents research results of two settlements of Agrarian Reform located in the town of Maraba-Para at different historical contexts. Relationships between rural credits, implantation of pasture and cattle activity were analyzes. It also evaluates the current situation and prospects of farmers who develop this activity remain on their lots. Uses observation in loco, surveys and interweaver and statistical comparisons to compare groups of establishments with and without credit, with or without the sale of milk, and to assess the differences between indicators of deployment pasture and livestock activities to identify which variables best justify the progress of implementation of pastures as well as of production, productivity and the sale of milk. The increase of pastures implantation is more closely linked to size farm and the time elapsed from first implantation of pasture and less of the credit, but milk production is higher when credit is present. The expansion of livestock by establishment of agrarian reform is hampered by the extensive form of development of this activity, which weakens the perspective of farmers remain on their lots with implications with advancement upon new forested areas and the rural exodus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Determinação direta de Ca, Mg, Mn e Zn em amostras de leite de búfala da Ilha de Marajó por espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama (FAAS)
(2009) PEREIRA JUNIOR, João Batista; DANTAS, Kelly das Graças Fernandes; MÜLLER, Regina Celi Sarkis; NÓBREGA, Joaquim de Araújo; PALHETA, Dulcidéia da Conceição
This work proposes an analytical procedure for direct determination of calcium, magnesium, manganese and zinc in buffalo milk by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Samples were diluted with a solution containing 10% (v/v) of water-soluble tertiary amines (CFA-C) at pH 8. For comparison, buffalo milk samples were digested with HNO3 and H2O2. According to a paired t-test, the results obtained in the determination of Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn in digested samples and in 10% (v/v) CFA-C medium were in agreement at a 95% confidence level. The developed procedure is simple, rapid, decrease the possibility of contamination and can be applied for the routine determination of Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn in buffalo milk samples without any difficulty caused by matrix constituents, such as fat content, and particle size distribution in the milk emulsion
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Elaboração e caracterização do “Queijo Marajó”, tipo creme, de leite de búfala, visando sua padronização
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) FIGUEIREDO, Elaine Lopes; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544
This work objected the elaboration and physical-chemical, microbiological and sensorial characterization of the “Marajó Cheese”, type cremate, processed with buffalo milk, besides evaluating shelf life, for 28 days and economical income. The two places were produced the derivates (Place A - University of the Para State and Place B - Dairy industry, Soure, Para). The milk and cheese were processed levels of humidity, lipid, protein, carbohydrate, caloric value, acid, pH, mesophylla bacteria, coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC, mould and yeasts, Staphylococus aureus and Salmonella. Just in the cheese cholesterol and minerals analyses were accomplished. The sensorial analysis consisted of profile of characteristics and acceptance test. The similarity of the averages of the physical-chemical variables of the buffalo milk indicated that this was adapted for the elaboration of having standard derivate. Anyone sample of milk presented contamination for coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella. The largest contamination was verified for aerobic bacteria (mesophyllas), mould and yeasts. The fat levels in the dry extract and of humidity they classified the derivate as fat and of average humidity. The “Marajó Cheese” came inside of the established standard for quality food, until the 21º day of storage. The more perceptible sensorial attributes and that they characterized the sensorial profile of the derivate were white color, milk and acid aroma, tastes acid and salty e softness. The Test of Acceptance indicated that the cheese was very appreciated by tasters. “Marajó Cheese” elaborate appropriately there is need of Good Practices of Production, inside which stand out the control of the acidity and fat of the milk and the mass used for derivate, standardization of the quantity of cream, chloride of sodium and potassium sorbato were added, besides the hygiene in the milk obtained and processing.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência da velocidade de circulação do leite na adesão de Pseudomonas aeruginosa sobre aço inoxidável
(2009-09) FIGUEIREDO, Hamilton Mendes de; ANDRADE, Nélio José de; OZELA, Eliana Ferreira; MORALES, Gundisalvo Piratoba
The influence of the flow milk circulation in the bacterial adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated by simulation tests through a circuit model of milk processing. The circuit is composed of a tubulation of stainless steel AISI 304, with 1.9 cm of diameter, 5.8 m of length and a tank of 25 L used as the reservoir of the product and sanitizer solutions. The reservoir was coupled to a centrifugal bomb of ½ HP to impel the food or sanitizer solutions for the system equipped with 90º and T cylindrical stainless steel specimens. The speed of circulation values were 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m.s–1, corresponding to turbulent flow with number of Reynolds 14.000, 28.000 and 42.000, respectively. When flow of 0.5 m.s–1 was used 10.7% the cells remained adhered, however at the speed values of 1.0 and 1.5 m.s–1 the adhesion percentages were 5.36 and 4.9%, respectively. These findings indicate a lower removal rate of adhered cells as flow decreases allowing higher number of bacteria to adhere to the production line, which can favor the biofilm formation.