Navegando por Assunto "Leitura recombinativa"

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Aprendizagem por exclusão: análise de um procedimento de ensino em crianças diagnosticadas com autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-22) OLIVEIRA, Thayline; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
Behavioral analysts have developed a number of methodologies, especially from the stimulus equivalence paradigm, to investigate reading skills in children with learning disabilities. However, few studies involving exclusion have proposed to investigate reading teaching in individuals with atypical development. When it comes to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), study has not been identified in the literature. Therefore, this research aims to investigate whether the exclusion procedure combined to CRMTS is effective to establish arbitrary relationships between figures and printed words for children with ASD; if the naming of printed words emerges after training; and finally, if the reading of new words occurs. The data indicate that the training involving the exclusion and CRMTS procedures were effective to establish arbitrary relations between figures and printed words with little exposure to errors and to generate the reading of the dissyllable words in the naming tests. However, the procedure was not sufficient to emerge the recombinative reading of the new words.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dois estudos em análise do comportamento: emergência de leitura após diferentes tipos de ensino de sílabas e palavras e introdução ao letramento analítico-comportamental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-28) MESQUITA, Alex Andrade; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
Reading can be understood as a complex network of relations between stimuli and responses. Study 1 aimed verify the effect of different types of syllable teaching (before or along with the word) and word sizes (two syllables or three syllables) on the development of recombinative and comprehension reading, perform a typology of word naming errors, and verify if the teaching method were considered reinforcing by the participants. The study participants were twelve children aged six to seven years, who were taught to read through the MTS and CRMTS procedure. The results showed that the type of syllable teaching had little influence on the recombinative and comprehension readings, but the participants who learned three syllables words developed a repertoire of recombinative reading superior to those who learned two syllables words and presented fewer errors. The most common type of error was to the exchange of syllables and the syllabication of the word. All children evaluated positively the teaching method. We conclude that the teaching of larger words can facilitate the generalized recombinative reading. In study 2 a bibliographic review of the narrative type was carried out with the objectives of: 1) presenting briefly the most used literacy methods in Brazil; 2) describe literacy in behavioral terms; 3) propose a new behavioral-analytic method of literacy. We verified that the most used literacy methods were: synthetic, with emphasis on the phonic, analytical, whole language, social constructivism and the Paulo Freire method. Quotations to behaviorist methods are few and often negative. Literacy involves complex behavioral processes and it can be reconciled with behavioral analysis as long as the behavioral objectives are clear and preferable immediate differential consequences follow the learning.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Emergência de Leitura Recombinativa de Sílabas e Palavras em Alfabeto Romano em Relevo Fonte Arial e Times New Roman em Cegos Leitores de Braille
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-07-24) RODRIGUES, Stéphanie Conceição Corrêa; KATO, Olívia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465
There is strong evidence that the explicit teaching of conditional discriminations of syllables with letter recombination establishes control over all word components, promoting the emergence of textual reading and comprehension of the words formed by these syllables, as well as copying and dictation. With the present study, we investigated whether the teaching of conditional syllable discriminations would promote the emergence of oral naming of teaching syllables and new recombined syllables of the Roman Alphabet in relief and emergence of textual reading and with understanding, copying and dictation of words blind participants. In Stage I the conditional discriminations of eight syllables were tested and the oral naming of the syllables of teaching and of ten recombined syllables tested. In Stages II and III the textual and comprehension reading was verified, with and without spacing between letters besides the copy and dictation of two groups of words, printed in Fonte Aria 24 and 22. Step IV consisted of the test of textual reading of the words printed in Times New Roman font 24 and 22, with and without letter spacing. The two participants presented immediate emergency of the oral nomination of the syllables of teaching and recombined, with few errors in some phases. Immediate and error-free emergence of all performances tested in Steps II and III and with few errors in Step IV. The results demonstrate the efficiency of explicit teaching of conditional discrimination of syllables in promoting the emergence of textual reading and word comprehension and copying and dictation of words printed in Roman alphabet in relief, which is an alternative technological resource to Braille, efficient and economical if programmed properly.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ensino de discriminações de palavras com Onset/Rime e a emergência da leitura recombinativa em inglês da simbologia braille e do alfabeto romano em relevo em cegos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-08-31) LEITÃO, Graça Maria Evangelista; KATO, Olivia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465
Recent studies have documented that the explicit teaching of discrimination of syllables promotes the emergence of reading of syllables of teaching and syllables with recombination of the letters of the syllables of teaching. It also readily promotes the reading of words formed by the syllables of teaching and recombined. Studies have shown the reading of new words with recombination of onset and rime as facilitator factor when the English language is taught as mother tongue. The learning of English by blind people have been documented as a factor of inclusion. This study investigated whether the teaching of discrimination of words with segmentation onset/rime facilitates the reading of new words in English, as foreign language, using Braille symbols and the Roman alphabet in raised letters. Three blind women, fluent Braille readers, participated. The study comprised three stages. Stage Ia (auditory/Braille), Stage Ib (Braille/Roman alphabet in raised letters) and Stage Ic (auditory/Roman alphabet in raised letters). In Stage I the participants were exposed to a pretest, teaching of conditional discrimination and textual reading test of training and generalization words. In Stage Ic it was applied a test of conditional discrimination. In Stages II and III were applied tests of textual reading of recombined simple (Stage II) and compound (Stage III) words and naming of objects. It was tested the relations between spoken words and objects (AB), spoken words and printed words (AC), objects and printed words (BC) and printed words and objects (CB) which documented the comprehension reading of the words in Braille and Roman alphabet in raised letters, and the emergence of copy and dictation. The three participants reached the criterion in all phases of all stages. The results showed that the teaching of discrimination of words with segmentation onset/rime facilitated the emergence of recombinative reading in English, as foreign language, with blind speakers of Portuguese, using Braille and Roman alphabet in raised letters, it also showed the emergence of reading with comprehension with the equivalence of stimuli procedure. These results indicate that new technologies for teaching, that enable greater inclusion of blind people in community, can be generated.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ensino de discriminações de sílabas e a emergência da leitura recombinativa em crianças pré-escolares
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-11-21) BARROS, Samuel do Nascimento; KATO, Olivia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465
Some studies have demonstrated that the teaching of reading of words formed by recombined syllables, without special procedures, establishes partial control by syllables, what makes the generalized reading more difficult. A reversion of this control has been promoted by special procedures of teaching or after a long teaching program exposition. The explicit teaching of discrimination of syllables can readily promote the recombinative reading without establishing the partial control of one of its units (letters).The present study investigated the effect of the teaching of conditional discriminations among syllables in the emergence of the oral reading of those syllables and the new ones recombined by the letters of the teaching syllables, avoiding the establishment of the restricted control. It also verified the emergence of the textual and comprehensive reading of meaningful and invented words formed by the teaching and recombined syllables. Besides, it also verified the emergency of copy and dictation task performanaces. Five pre-school children participated of the study that was divided into three Stages. In Stage I, the syllables NO, BO, NA, DO, NE and TO were taught through a matching-to-sample procedure, then these taught syllables and the recombined syllables BA, BE, DA, DE, TA and TE were tested. In Stage II, it was verified the textual and comprehensive reading of the meaningful words DADO, DEDO, BEBÊ, BOBO, BOTO, BATA, BOTA e BOTE. In Stage III, it was verified the textual and comprehensive reading of the invented words NEBA, NODE, TADO and DABO. All the participants named the taught and recombined syllables. The five participants readily presented the comprehensive reading of all the meaningful and invented words, documented through the equivalence relations between pictures and printed words (BC) and printed words and picture (CB). In Stage II, all the participants demonstrated the immediate emergence of the textual reading of all the meaningful words before the comprehensive reading of them. In Stage III, four participants demonstrated the immediate emergency of the textual reading of all invented words before the comprehensive reading, one participant demonstrated after that emergency. The emergency of copy and dictation task performance occurred immediately for all the participants. After the reading of the taught and recombined syllables in Stage I, the reading of all the meaningful words (Stage II) and invented words (Stage III) occurred and the copy and dictation performances. The restricted control, that has been related in some studies, was not established in this present study. The recombinative reading occurred without applying the special procedures. These results indicate that if the discriminations among syllables are taught directly, the emergence of the recombinative generalized reading will occur without the establishment of the restricted control and without the application of teaching special procedures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ensino de discriminações de sílabas e emergência da leitura recombinativa em crianças com dificuldades em leitura
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-01-08) SAITO, Erick Kazuyoshi Noborikawa; KATO, Olivia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465
Reading is one of the social and communication skills that is widely required in a social environment, but often the efficient teaching of reading does not occur, creating other problems in the school and family environment of children. Several studies have been done with the discriminative teaching of syllables, units smaller than the word, to promote reading, and in these studies the results document the emergence of recombinative and understanding reading. This proposed study investigated whether applying the methodology of teaching conditional discrimination could emerge oral naming, copy and dictation, textual reading withx understanding and the construction of new words in three children from the 1st and 2nd year of elementary school with difficulties in reading. In Stage I, the teaching and testing phases of the teaching syllables (no, bo, na, do, ne, to, la and pe) and the recombined (ba, be, da, de, ta,te, lo) phases were carried out , le, pa and po), in Stage II the tests of word naming, textual reading and with understanding and construction of new words with the syllables previously used in Step I were carried out. The results document that there was the emergence of textual reading and with understanding, in which all participants met the criteria for correct answers required in each type of phase (teaching and testing), being able to affirm the efficiency of the teaching method used for recombinative reading, and the insertion of the new phase of word construction contributed methodologically for this line of research.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Equivalência de estímulos com procedimentos combinados e consciência fonológica na aquisição da leitura generalizada
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-05-02) CAMELO, Mislene Lima; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
Equivalence class formation among pictures and spoken and printed words promotes reading with comprehension, but it does not establish the discriminative control by all the units of the word (letters and syllables). The application of combined special procedures (copy, dictation and oralization - fluently and spelled) while the teaching the conditional relations between dictated words and printed words (AC) favors the establishment of discriminative control by units smaller than the word and the textual and comprehensive reading of the words formed by recombination of those units. The explicit training of syllabic discriminations has been adopted as one of the procedures in the studies on phonological consciousness, with satisfactory results in reading tests. The purpose of the present was to investigate the effect of the two procedures on the acquisition of recombinative reading in preschool children. Three children were exposed to the equivalence and combined special procedures during the acquisition of AC relations (with the words MALA, PATO and BOCA), and four to the explicit training of syllabic discriminations in tasks of rhyme, alliteration, addition and subtraction of syllables, and graphosyllabic correspondence. After a Pre-test, participants of the first group were exposed to the test/training of AB relations (spoken words-figures), and then to AC training with combined procedures and, BC (figures - printed words) and CB tests. During AC training each trial of this relation was followed by a trial of combined procedures of spelled copy, dictation and oralization, and other fluent trial. After the emergence of equivalence relation (BC/CB), children were tested on textual reading of syllables, trained- and generalized- words (formed by the recombination of the syllables of training words). When participants performance reached the minimum of 90% of accuracy in generalized reading test, in the next day a Post-test was carried out. Otherwise, the same procedure was applied again with three generalization words (BOLA, LAMA, and CAPA). The children of the second group were initially exposed to tasks of syllabic recognition and then to tasks of rhyme, alliteration, addition and subtraction of syllables, and graphosyllabic correspondence (with syllables MA, LA, PA, TO, BO, and CA). The participant was only exposed to the training of another syllable if his/her performance reached 100% of accuracy in the task of graphosyllabic correspondence and in the experimental items of the other activities. In the next day, after the conclusion of this training phase, the Pos-test was carried out: three participants of the equivalence group and one of the phonological consciousness presented recombinative reading of some words, but none of them presented generalized recombinative reading. It is suggested that other variables may have interfered in the participants performance: the pre and extra-experimental history, the acquisition of code-related concepts (e.g. left-to-right reading) and the number of training trials. It is also suggested that, when teaching Portuguese reading skills, the combination stimulus equivalence procedures and syllabic discrimination / correspondence is an efficient method to teach recombinative reading. It is proposed that new studies evaluate the effects of the combination of these procedures in the teaching of reading skills.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Leitura recombinativa em pessoas com necessidades educacionais especiais: análise do controle parcial pelas sílabas
(2007-12) ALVES, Keila Regina Sales; KATO, Olivia Misae; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; MARANHAO, Carolina Monteiro de Albuquerque
The syllabic restricted control makes the recombinational reading difficult; however it can be reverted by some teaching procedures. This study verified the syllabic control and the effects of teaching procedures. Three special students were taught the dictated words-pictures and dictated words-written words relations, and tested the textual and comprehensive reading of taught and generalized words with syllables recombination. If this reading did not occur, syllabic control probes were applied together with isolated and combined teaching. If the reading occurred, A'B'/A'C'/B'C'/C'B' tests were applied. The three participants demonstrated comprehensive reading of the taught words. Two of them presented the textual reading of these words promptly. The textual and comprehensive reading of the generalized words occurred after the second teaching sequence. The restricted control by one syllable makes the generalized reading by syllabic recombination difficult, but this control can be reverted through some teaching procedures that guarantee the visual and sound discrimination and oral reproduction of the syllables.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Procedimento de ensino e teste de leitura recombinativa para crianças com paralisia cerebral
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-10-10) PAIXÃO, Glenda Miranda da; OLIVEIRA, Ana Irene Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8839751954613395; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of a conditional discrimination of syllables and phonological awareness activities on generalized recombined reading in children with Cerebral Palsy. Three students with Cerebral Palsy at the ages of 8, 9 and 12 years, assisted in the Center for Development in Assistive Technology and Accessibility – NEDETA participated. The procedure consisted of six phases: Phase I - Pre-training, Phase II - Pre-test, Phase III - Teaching, divided into two stages (auditory-visual discrimination of syllables; phonological awareness activities), Phase IV - test and teaching of arbitrary relations, Phase V - Equivalence relations tests, and Phase VI – New word reading test. A notebook computer with specific software, mouse and lifters adapted were used to collect data. The stimuli were syllables and dictated and printed words and figures. Graphic animations were used as social reinforcement. Responses that were different from the ones programmed produced a time-out of approximately 2 seconds. The results indicate that there was equivalence class formation by all participants. One participant presented reading with understanding to five new words and the other two participants read with understanding four new words. The need to develop more efficient learning procedures, providing and ensuring the maintenance of a learning without errors, and also the generalization of reading to natural environments of the child, was verified.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A recombinação de letras no ensino e emergência da leitura generalizada recombinativa em crianças da pré-escola
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-01-10) MAUÉS, Alfredo de Souza; KATO, Olivia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465
Some studies have demonstrated the reading of words formed by recombined syllables in pre-school children. However, the restricted control through syllables has occurred in those studies, making the generalized reading more difficult. The present study investigated the effect of the teaching of conditional discriminations among syllables in the emergence of the textual reading of those syllables and the new ones recombined by the letters of the teaching syllables, avoiding the establishment of the restricted control. It also verified the emergence of the textual and comprehensive reading of meaningful and meaningless words formed by the teaching and recombined syllables. Five pre-school children participated of the study that was divided in three Stages. In Stage I, the syllables NO, BO, NA, DO and NE were taught through a matching-to-sample procedure, and the recombined syllables BA, DA, DE and BE were tested. In Stage II, it was verified the textual and comprehensive reading of the meaningful words DADO, DEDO, BEBÊ and BOBO. In Stage III, it was verified the textual and comprehensive reading of the meaningless words NEBA, NODE, BEDO and DABO. All the participants presented the emergence of the textual reading of the taught and recombined syllables. The five participants readily presented the comprehensive reading of all the meaningful and meaningless words, documented through the equivalence relations between pictures and written words and spoken words. In Stage II, four participants demonstrated the immediate emergence of the textual reading of all the meaningful words before the comprehensive reading of them, and one participant demonstrated it after the emergence. After the reading of the taught and recombined syllables in Stage I, the reading of all the meaningful words (Stage II) and meaningless words (Stage III) occurred. The restricted control, that has been related in some studies, was not established in this present study. The recombinative reading occurred without applying the special procedures. These results indicate that if the discriminations among syllables are taught directly, the emergence of the recombinative generalized reading will occur without the establishment of the restricted control and without the application of teaching special procedures.