Navegando por Assunto "Lesão da Medula Espinhal (LME)"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ajustes motores compensatórios após lesão isquêmica focal unilateral do trato corticoespinhal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-30) CARVALHO, Walther Augusto de; BAHIA, Carlomagno Pacheco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0910507988777644; PEREIRA JÚNIOR, Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1402289786010170
The aim of this work was to develop a new model of spinal cord injury caused by focal and unilateral transient ischemia after ET-1 microinjection in the dorsal funiculus and to evaluate the sensorimotor alterations of the anterior paw of rats (Wistar). Fifty (n = 50) animals (CEPAE / UFPA protocol BIO007912), who were trained, thirty-three (n = 33) were selected to compose control (n = 15), sham (n = 6) and injury (n = 12) groups. By using a micropipette, we injected the volume of 250 nL of saline (sham) or endothelin-1 (lesion) near the medial dorsal artery of the cervical segment C4 at a depth of 1 mm from the pial surface of the spinal cord. ET-1 induced cystic cavity formation of 0.421 mm2 (± 0.035 mm2, n = 3) on the corticospinal tract and suprajacent white matter, ipsilateral to the microinjection site that can be measured in cross-sections (50 μm) stained by the Nissl technique. The motor functions of the forepaw were evaluated by specific sensorimotor tests before and after injury at 3, 7 and 14 days. The results were evaluated by the ANOVA statistical test with Tukey post-hoc analysis (α = 0.05). Our results show in pasta test that after injury there is a compensatory motor behavior in which the non-preferential forepaw assumes the functions of the preferential forepaw. The Staircase test revealed a decrease in the ability to grasp the object with the preferred paw and the Contact test showed a decrease in sensitivity of the preferred paw.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos do transplante autólogo de células monocelulares da medula óssea após lesão incompleta da medula espinhal de ratos adultos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-30) SOUZA, Celice Cordeiro de; HAMOY, Moisés; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4523340329253911; LEAL, Walace Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2085871005197072
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes permanent loss of neurological function below the level of injury, generating social and psychological physical consequences in patients. The pathophysiology of SCI involves complex processes, such as hemorrhage, excitotoxicity and inflammation, mainly generated by microglial cells. Despite advanced knowledge of pathological mechanisms, effective and approved therapeutic strategies for the treatment of lesions and their consequences are still lacking without serious adverse effects. Cell therapy may represent a good therapeutic strategy because it demonstrates good results in the modulation of the inflammatory environment of the lesion and by probable mechanisms of differentiation. In the present study, we investigated the action of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) in incomplete lesions (hemisection to the right of the spinal cord, T8-T9 segment) after 42 days of injury (chronic lesion). The cells were from the injured animal itself (autologous transplantation) and the transplantation was intramedullary, i.e. the cells were inserted near the site of the lesion. In the present study, the functional effects of transplantation were investigated through the BBB scale (Basso, Beatie and Bresnahan), which allows the motor function of the hind legs of the animals to be graded. The anti-inflammatory effects of BMMC were also investigated. Histological and immunohistochemical techniques using Cresila Violet staining and anti-ED-1 (microglial marker / activated macrophages) and anti-GFAP (fibrillar astrocyte marker) antibodies were used. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes were performed. For quantitative analysis, the number of field activated astrocytes and macrophages / microglia were counted using binocular microscope with counting gradient (0.0625mm2) in a 40x objective. The counting averages and the standard deviations obtained were plotted in Cartesian coordinates. The counting was as follows: on the right side of the spinal cord (lesion side) and three fields per medullary region (ventral funiculus - FV, dorsal funiculus - FD, lateral funiculus - FL, dorsal horn - CD, ventral horn - CV and intermediate gray matter-SCI), totaling 18 counting fields per section. Treatment with BMMC was not effective in improving the motor function of the injured animals when we compared the treated and untreated animals (means and standard deviations of the groups: false operated, n = 4, 21 ± 0, control, n = 4, 13,57 ± 3.88, treated, n = 5, 15.07 ± 3.46). In the qualitative analysis by means of the staining of Cresila Violet, treated animals presented better tissue preservation when compared to the untreated animals. In the quantitative analysis of microglial activation, we observed that treatment with BMMC reduced the activation of these inflammatory cells (control: 19.52 ± 7.79, treated: 10.04 ± 2.37), but did not significantly reduce the activation of the astrocytes (Mean of the groups: control 17.74 ± 2.757, treated 14.46 ± 5.283). The results suggest that further studies are needed to come up with an effective strategy for patients with SCI. A possible combined treatment with other strategies may turn out to be promising for patients' functionality.