Navegando por Assunto "Linguagem e línguas"

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Compreensão escrita em manuais didáticos de PLE
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-12-07) SILVA, Luciana Kinoshita da; CUNHA, José Carlos Chaves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3117544056791050
This research studies the reading comprehension in textbooks used in Portuguese as a Foreign Language (PFL) basic level courses in Belém-Pa. It also investigates how the reading comprehension is carried out by the teacher in the classroom. The study objects were instructional materials of Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) and School for International Training (SIT). For students of both institutions the ability to understand written texts in the Foreign Language (FL) is essential. They all need to read in Portuguese to actively participate in the society in which they are living now. But each audience also uses reading for specific activities. Thus, these students need to read different texts in the FL for various reasons and in various situations. Hence the importance of using in class textbooks that support the development of students’ reading comprehension bringing texts, activities and strategies that meet the audience’ needs. This research was developed with the objective of describe the reading comprehension activities proposed in PFL textbooks and how teachers work with them in the courses of the institutions in question, as well as to contribute with the improvement of the classroom work, also taking into consideration opinions of teachers and students about the work with this ability in class. This study was based on literature and field research. The literature was based on authors such as Alliende and Condemarín (2005), Koch and Elias (2007), Farrell (2003), Henk et al (2000), Marcuschi (2008), and Nuttall (2005), among others. The field research was developed in the PFL course of the mentioned institutions e and the sample population were students and teachers who gave lessons to the basic level of each of the institutions in the first semester of 2011. Data from three sources were used: analysis of the textbooks and the questionnaire given to students and teachers, as well as classroom observation using the material. In the end of the study, it was discovered that the activities of both textbooks are still far away from providing proper opportunities for the development of the reading ability in a FL and also that working with a material produced by a teacher for her own use with students might not be the best option, however the idea that no textbook can cover all the necessities of a specific group of students is still strong.
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Descrição de aspectos da variante étnica usada pelos parkatêjê
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-06) FREITAS, Marília Fernanda Pereira de
This paper presents a brief description about Portuguese variant spoken by Parkatêjê people, which shows characteristics of both languages, probably, because of contact situation between them. The interference of uses of one language in the other can be observed in phonological, morphological, lexical as well semantic aspects of the Portuguese variant spoken by Parkatêjê people.
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Desenvolvimento linguístico de crianças de Belém: associação com características pessoais e ambientais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-11-07) COSTA, Elson Ferreira; CAVALCANTE, Lília Iêda Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4743726124254735
This study aimed to analyze the profile neurodevelopmental status of children enrolled in preschools in Belém, with a focus in language, according to the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST), with this purpose, two studies, both quantitative and cross-sectional, with descriptive and exploratory were performed. The first one investigated the neurodevelopmental profile of children, according to their presence in the Administrative Districts of Belém. The score on DDST was assessed, and their neurodevelopmental status (normal or delay) and distribution on the districts were described. The second study examined the associations between the score of language, according to DDST, with the personal and contextual variables. For both studies, 319 children from elementary schools were selected, from August to December 2012. For assessment of development the DDST was applied. The instruments were a questionnaire administered to parents to collect personal, contextual and family data and an instrument to measure the level of family poverty. The results of the first study indicated that 77.7 % of potential developmental suspected delay and 59.2% of potential delay in language. The level of family poverty variable showed a statistically significant association with development score (p=0.011) and language (p=0.003). The results of the second study indicates that 59.2% delay were associated with language. The variables that showed a statistically significant relationship with language development were paternal education (p=0.003), maternal age (p=0.03) and family poverty level (p=0.003). The high prevalence of suspected delay in the development at the children highlights the need of implementation of programs to stimulated and monitor the infant development, using instruments such as the DDST. In addition, alert to the poses of risk factors that may interfere with the neurodevelopment in early years.
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Expressividade oral e fluência em leitura: monitoramento e diagnóstico de cinco escolas estaduais de Belém do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-05-08) SAUAIA VANSILER, Nair Daiane de Souza; PICANÇO, Gessiane Lobato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8504849027565119
The expressive reading is a way of showing the meanings of the text apprehended by the reader. Therefore, the expression in oral reading can not only distinguish good from poor readers, but also be used to monitor comprehension. It is possible to verify, based on prosodic elements, the way the students apply their linguistic knowledge on their reading. Fluent readers incorporate prosodic features of the spoken language (such as accent, pitch range of voice, intonation, phrasing and pauses) during reading, making it sound as natural as possible. This project takes the concepts of the interactive-compensatory model because we accept that the automatic decoding process allows the acceleration of the word identification process in texts. This research shows the evaluation of the three prosodic dimensions - intonation and stress; phrasing and rhythm - in readings done by high school sophomores (2nd year students) from five different public schools in Belém, Pará. The research is divided into two stages, in each one the students have read, for one minute, excerpts from three different texts. In the first stage, 54 students from the five selected public schools have been analyzed, summing an amount of 162 oral reading samples. In the second one, done in the ending of the 2013 school year, the readings of three out of four texts, in the second visit in four schools out of the five initial ones, by 44 students were analyzed. During this second stage, students of two selected schools have read one more text with better prosodic signs; 20 students participated. The CBM (DENO, 1985) offered an efficient method of student reading captivation. The quantitative analysis of the reading samples was done based on the oral expressivity parameters of a multidimensional scale, adapted to this research from the Fountas and Pinnel (2006), Raisinski (2004) and Zuttell & Rasinski (1991) propositions. We believe that readers who present some difficulty on expressive oral reading may lack of supporting elements to the reading comprehension skills proposed by Wren (2002), as well as related to some parsing deficit. The disability on automatically recognizing words may also be one these deficiencies. In the end, we have presented some proposals of guided intervention to obtain more satisfying performances on expressive oral reading.
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Haplologia no falar paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-23) PAZ, Flávia Helena da Silva; OLIVEIRA, Marilucia Barros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9728768970430501
The objective of this paper is to show the phenomenon of spontaneous speech in Haplologia citizens Pará. The study refers more specifically to what we call Haplologia between sentences. Evaluates the contexts of sentences composed only of d/ - /d/, /t/ - /d/,/t/ - /t/ and /d/ - /t/, exemplified respectively by: la(du) dʒi fora, per(tu) du, a gen(t∫i) t∫inha medu e tu(du) t∫inha. The factors evaluated are divided into two groups: linguistic and extralinguistic aiming to show the circumstances favorable and unfavorable to the application of the phenomenon under study. Groups of linguistic factors are: Relationship between palatalization and haplologia; Quality of vowels; class elided syllable word; Tonicity of neighboring syllables, and syllabic structure;. With regard to extralinguistic factors, we analyzed: Sex. Age and schooling, following the stratification proposed in the project Linguistic Atlas of Pará (ALIPA). The data analyzed comprise the corpus of two cities Pará Belém, capital of Pará, and Itaituba, Pará city which is 891 km from the capital mentioned. Data collection followed the guidance of Sociolinguistics Variationist. The data were submitted to the program variable rule VARBRUL. The results indicate the haplologia as variable rule, however, the phenomenon is few productive among informants the two cities. In the assumptions of Sociolinguistics Variationist (Labov, 2008) palatalization, the increasing height of the vowel and consonantal deconstruction of the group can be considered a process of embedding, while the phonetically-phonological rules would be considered the feeder haplologia (BISOL,1996).
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Língua e identidade Apurinã: estudos baseados em relatos contemporâneos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-11) COSTA, Patrícia do Nascimento da; VIRTANEN, Pirjo Kristiina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4739692405536395; FACUNDES, Sidney da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9502308340482231
The main objective of this research is to examine the language elements Apurinã (Aruák) showing traces of the culture of its people, such as aspects of their way of life, worldview, knowledge and traditional values and engagement with external values to their experiences life. In this sense, we point out features of the use of language revealing the identity of Apurinã who live near the banks of the Purus River, southeast region of the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The methodological procedures used involve review of the literature on the identity studies and references that relate such studies to the theoretical assumptions of linguistics, as well as analysis of data collected in field research, in April and December 2015 were also found work on Apurinã language, carried out by professor Sidney da Silva Facundes, from the Federal University of Pará, and his students for over twenty years of investigation. This research is done by adding relevant information, questions and answers to studies on the language Apurinã that may reveal, from linguistic data, aspects of the culture and customs. In addition to the academic contribution, this research is also justified in part, together with other elements, as a set of information to corroborate the legitimacy of the people, their culture and their right to exist socially. Furthermore, Apurinã identity traits highlighted here are described primarily in terms of their relationship with the beings of nature.
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Linguagens e aprendizagem da matemática na EJA: desafios, preconceito lingüístico e exclusão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-31) MEDEIROS, Robson André Barata de; SILVEIRA, Marisa Rosâni Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3588315106445865
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A modalização em e-mails pruduzidos em ambiente organizacional: uma abordagem na perspectiva do interacionismo sociodiscursivo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) KLAUTAU, Eneida Lúcia Garcia; PESSOA, Fátima Cristina da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4011084861970140
This study is situated in the field of research on the role of language in workplace activities. It is based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of sociodiscursive interactionism (BRONCKART, 2009), which is dedicated, in special, to the analysis of textual materiality and, consequently, to the activity of textualization. Based on the assumption that every empirical text brings marks of the representations of the verbal agents in relation to the particular active situation in which they are situated (BRONCKART, 2009), we have established, as the general aim of this study, to investigate, in the materiality of the written text, the modal linguistic units as a sign of the representations of the enunciator in the parameters of his or her situation of interlocution. In particular, the goal we set was, through a descending method analysis, to investigate, in the text genre of workplace e-mails, whether or not modalization occurs, and which types – logical, deontic, appreciative or pragmatic – are most utilized by the enunciator. We attempt to infer why they occur (or still, do not occur) as well as their type, based on possible representations of the agent-producer in relation to the relative interlocution parameters, e.g. the social role which him or herself play in the interlocutory act; the social role of its addressee; the social place which both occupy in the work environment and the thematic content linked to the text. Our hypothesis here is that modalization, related as it is to these representations of the enunciator, is more present in textual productions which go from the bottom up in the company‟s hierarchical structure (that is, from subaltern to managership). It is less present, or sometimes even inexistent, in textual productions which go from top to bottom (that is, from managership to subaltern).
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Observações sobre os correlatos acústicos do acento em Apurinã (Aruák): estudo de um caso
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04) SANTOS, Benedito de Sales; FACUNDES, Sidney da Silva
This article investigates the hypothesis of duration being an acoustic correlate of stress in Apurinã, taking into account the results given by other authors. Cross-linguistic studies have suggested such a correlation. In this study duration is investigated in unstressed syllables, and in ones bearing primary and secondary stress. The article reviews previous work on Apurinã stress and then presents and analyzes new data. These results suggest a correlation between duration and primary stress only, and raise questions about the phonetic nature of such a correlation. The results also raise a theoretical question in phonology, namely the status of syllables with nasal vowels, which seem to behave like heavy or bimoraic syllables.
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Percepções dos alunos sobre sua própria (des) motivação: estudo comparativo em turmas dos cursos extensivo e intensivo de licenciatura em letras língua inglesa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-25) SOUZA, Marcus Alexandre Carvalho de; SILVA, Walkyria Alydia Grahl Passos Magno e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6129530461830312
Not only motivation but also its opposite – demotivation – have been studied in the scope of foreign languages learning. However, only a few works investigate these constructs in the point of view of their dynamicity. This research aims at comprehending motivation and demotivation in two groups of undergraduate students of a Teaching English as a Foreign Language Program - one extensive class and one intensive class – and the implication of these constructs in the learning of the target language. Using theoretical principles established by Dörnyei and Ushioda (2011), Dörnyei (2011, 2001), Ushioda (2008), Gardner (2007), Deci and Ryan (2000) among others, data collected through a questionnaire and the academic transcripts of the students from both classes were analyzed. The research is a case study, which uses the comparative method. The research took place at the Federal University of Pará, Bragança Campus, and has 21 participants: 11 students from the extensive class and 10 from the intensive class. Although there are motivational patterns that group some students, motivation was perceived as individual and changing, since the motivational process does not happen in the same manner, exerts diverse influences in different subjects, and even changes over time in one individual. The data also shows the complexity of the construct, since the existence of motivation does not mean that negative influences could not occur, as well as that negative influences can enhance a later motivational increase. In addition, it was noticed that motivation perceived by these students does not assure good outcomes in the subjects they were studying. This research can help in the comprehension of the motivational process as a dynamic system, and to understand that both students from extensive or intensive classes can be motivated, since motivation is an individual condition.
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A reestruturação Kuhniana da tese da incomensurabilidade nos escritos pós-estrutura
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-08-31) NASCIMENTO, Elder Souza do; DIAS, Elizabeth de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9610357600630781
This study aims to examine the thesis of incommensurability between paradigmatic traditions separated by a revolution, as presented by Kuhn in his major work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, as well as the changes that it has undergone in the later writings of the philosopher. The problem that will guide our research has mainly focused clarify the reasons that lead Kuhn to restructure its conception of incommensurability in their PostStructure studies. In our view the reasons Kuhn change of position in his thesis of that approach, derive from the criticism he suffered in 1965, at the International Conference on Philosophy of Science. Among the criticisms that are analyzed in this paper, we highlight those made by Popper, who sees the thesis of incommensurability the defense of relativism, but also criticism of Lakatos, accusing Kuhn to be the defender of irrationalism in science. We hold that the philosopher restructures the thesis of incommensurability, in its PostStructure written in order to clarify the problem areas highlighted by its critics. We believe that his new position, which advocates local incommensurability, is more consistent and coherent than before, because it ensures the communicability and the choice between competing paradigms, thus overcoming the accusations of relativism and irrationalism. In order to present a possible solution to the outlined problem, the work will be developed in three chapters. In the first we present a complete analysis of how Kuhn sees the thesis of incommensurability in his work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. In the second chapter, we will highlight the problematic aspects of the thesis that led the philosopher to be accused of defending the irrationalism and relativism in science. Finally, in the third chapter, we will seek to develop as Kuhn, in his postscripts, will seek to overcome the problems inherent in his thesis of incommensurability resorting to philosophy of language.