Navegando por Assunto "Livros didáticos"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
1984: Organizações didáticas nos livros didáticos nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: o caso da noção de raciocínio combinatório
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-20) MORAES, Guilherme Motta; NUNES, José Messildo Viana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5188612973174798; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9492-4914
The aim of the research was to analyze praxeological (PO) organizations around the mathematical object Notion of Combinatory Reasoning in two collections of textbooks from 1st to 5th year of EF, used in schools in the city of Belém / PA. This made it possible to highlight and characterize the didactic organization of mathematical knowledge, based on the didactic books approved by the National Textbook Plan, 2013 and 2016, as well as the National Curriculum Parameters, the Book Review Guidebook National Curriculum Reference Matrix for this year of schooling (1st to 5th year of EF). In this sense, to study this object, the Anthropological Theory of Didactics, proposed by Yves Chevallard is adopted as theoretical reference, and a methodological approach is made based on qualitative research, carried out through the bibliographic study. The results of this research highlight some important issues, such as: the focus of the two collections of textbooks based on the resolution of activities, in a purely classical approach. We observe a change in the technique to calculate the proposed activities, from a point organization to a local organization, and also that the tasks and techniques related to the calculations of possibilities and numbers of combinations have not changed. Over the years in both collections of textbooks. Thus, the praxeological organization around these two collections of didactic books analyzed according to Gascon are classic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação em obras didáticas de língua portuguesa : regulação no ensino e na aprendizagem da escrita?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08-22) BAHIA, Emídio Júnior Santos; CUNHA, Myriam Crestian Chaves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0057919162522146
Ce mémoire analyse la function de l’évaluation dans les activités relatives à l’enseignement et à l’apprentissage de l’écriture dans les manuels scolaires de Portugais – Langue Maternalle, car les documents de référence pour l’enseignement des langues au Brésil indiquent que les ressources d’évaluation dans les manuels doivent être alignées sur les objectifs suivants : perspective de l'évaluation formative cognitive, dont la fonction est la régulation de l'apprentissage. Pour ce faire, nous discutons des conceptions liées aux axes de ce travail : évaluation, écriture et manuel scolaire. Dans l’axe «évaluation», nous abordons les concepts de régulation de l’apprentissage (ALLAL, 1984/1988, HADJI, 2011, PERRENOUD, 1999) et de l’autorégulation de l’apprentissage (HADJI, 2011, PANADERO; ALONSO-TAPIA, 2014a, ZIMMERMAN; MOYLAN, 2009), concepts de base de l'évaluation formative cognitive. Dans l'axe «écriture», nous abordons les modèles théoriques de cette activité dans le contexte scolaire (CHABANNE; BUCHETON, 2002), les concepts d'évaluation de l'écriture dans les documents de référence (BRASIL, 1998a, 2013, 2016), ainsi que le modèle d'écriture suggéré par les paramètres nationaux du curriculum (BRASIL, 1998a), qui présente des similitudes avec le modèle de Hayes et Flower (1980). Dans l'axe «manuel scolaire», nous traitons des concepts d’ «oeuvre didactique» (BRASIL, 2015, 2015a), de «manuel didactique» (BATISTA, 2003), et nous situons le dispositif didactique comme un instrument didactique de régulation de l'écriture (WEISSER, 2010). Nous discutons en outre de ses fonctions essentielles (CHOPPIN, 2004), en accordant une attention particulière aux fonctions référentielle et instrumentale, qui s’alignent respectivement dans la perspective de la transposition didactique du contenu (CHEVALLARD, 1991) et dans la perspective de la médiation et de l’aide à l’intervention (HALTÉ, 1992 ; CUNHA; CUNHA, 2011). Sur la base de cette réflexion, nous avons examiné trois manuels scolaires: «Português - linguagens», «Projeto Teláres - português» et «Para viver juntos - português»; à travers une analyse avec des catégories de contenu, basée sur les variables d’évaluation (HADJI, 1994), en se concentrant sur les propositions d’évaluation des manuels de l’enseignant et sur les projets didactiques-évaluatifs des manuels de l’élève qui constituent le corpus. Et pour cela, nous utilisons la méthode d'interprétation des données, conformément aux directives de Moita Lopes (1994). Les résultats ont montré que deux des manuels scolaires les plus acquis du PNLD présentent une proposition d'évaluation de l'apprentissage alignée sur la perspective de l'évaluation formative néo-behavioriste (BLOOM et al., [1971] 1983), dont la fonction est la correction de l'enseignement et non de régulation de l'apprentissage. l’apprentissage continu, et l’un des travaux n’a même pas soumis de proposition d’évaluation. De plus, ils ont montré que les projets didactiques-évaluatifs des livres de l'élève suivent la même perspective, à l'exception d'un travail qui présentait un projet didactique-évaluatif dans le prisme de la régulation de l'apprentissage en cours. Cependant, ce travail était le troisième plus acquis, ce qui montre également que la plupart des travaux didactiques en langue portugaise acquis en PNLD ne disposent pas d'une fonction d'évaluation du point de vue de la réglementation. Ces données nous montrent que, bien que plus de vingt ans se soient écoulés depuis la publication du premier volume de PCN, les manuels scolaires en langue portugaise les plus largement diffusés présentent toujours des conceptions de l’évaluation de l’apprentissage et de l’écriture tirées de l’apprentissage dans une perspective incompatible avec la recherche la plus récente en évaluation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A física nos anos iniciais: obstáculos verbais em livros didáticos em uma perspectiva bachelardiana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-08) PEREIRA, Jefferson Rodrigues; Vieira, Eduardo de Paiva Pontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2902323640527915; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-7014
The epistemological obstacles listed by Gaston Bachelard are configured as obstacles to scientific knowledge and are necessary to overcome such obstacles to the formation of the scientific spirit. Thus, this research aims to analyze energy concepts in textbooks from the early years of elementary school through the idealization of verbal obstacle in the perceptual bachelardiana. For this, we use elements of the content analysis, directed to the empirical material constituted by didactic books of sciences produced for the initial years. The analytical questions are confined to the didactic book because this is an important pedagogical instrument, pertaining to the daily life of the classroom, that can to some extent be considered a historical product; Thus producing idealizations and meanings. In this perspective, didactic books present situations in which words and the manner in which they are posed allow for the emergence of verbal epistemological obstacles. Among the various subjects that the textbooks discuss, the discussions related to energy are among the most significant to science education, mainly because of its unifying character. The tendency to use the term energy in different areas makes it difficult to distinguish "everyday energy" and "scientific concept of energy" because scientific conceptualization is treated after the use of the word, so it is not surprising that the scientific concept Is so complex. In this way, the difficulty with what is energy sustains the verbal obstacle that the term expresses, specifically, with justified reasons in the analysis of textbooks that demonstrate words or schemes that send energy to work, consumption, generation, transportation, which Substantializes or materializes energy and can be considered as idealizations of the verbal epistemological obstacle.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As sistemáticas em livros didáticos do ensino médio: considerações epistemológicas sobre os conteúdos escolares de biologia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-22) MENDES, Robson Corrêa; VIEIRA, Eduardo Paiva de Pontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2902323640527915; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-7014
The classification system of living beings has shown changes in its criteria throughout history. This research is a qualitative analysis of the content of the systematics of living beings in biology textbooks. This work aims to analyze in what terms the contents of systematics of living beings are present in the didactic material of biology that is being disseminated in public schools in Brazil, since these books were selected by the PNLD 2021 according to the new BNCC, which proposes the replacement from curricular fragmentation by the interdisciplinary approach by Area of Knowledge, aiming at the development of competences. Seven books from four publishers approved by PNLD 2021 valid from 2022 to 2025 were selected. The content analysis was based on some aspects of Bardin (2016), aiming to recognize aspects of the presence of this content. For this analysis, five categories were created, which will be assigned three classifications, depending on the content presented in each collection, these categories are: Historical approach to evolution; Presentation of phylogenetic and cladistic systematics; Presence of Taxonomy; Coherence between classification and evolution; Importance of knowing and preserving biodiversity. It was understood that the BNCC presents few proposals for these contents and the way in which these contents are presented portray the same failures of PNLD's from previous years.