Navegando por Assunto "Lixo"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação ambiental dos recursos hídricos, solos e sedimentos na área de abrangência do depósito de resíduos sólidos do Aurá - Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-03-27) PIRATOBA MORALES, Gundisalvo; FENZL, Norbert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6834981018643186
With 1.754.099 inhabitants, the municipality of Belém produces roughly 1,200 tons per day of all kinds of waste, which are deposited in a landfill known as Lixão do Aurá, bordering the municipality of Ananindeua. During the past 11 years, this area has been accumulating approximately three million and two-hundred thousand tons of solid waste, transforming that place into a permanent local source of anthropogenic pollution, altering environmental conditions and resources around the whole area surrounding it. A Vertical Electrical Resistivity Sounding (VERS) procedure, conducted in the area before it was transformed into the landfill (1991), compared with the measures taken eight years later (1998), show that the land resistance has considerably dropped, with values in some cases — 109 times smaller than the original ones, thus indicating that the layers have been affected by the leach from waste decay. Fifteen profiles were conducted in the area, using the electrical imaging system, allowing us to confirm the (VERS) results, with evidences that the underground water has been affected by the infiltration and by the leachate vertical and horizontal movements. The hydro geological characteristics in the area show that the local predominant type of aquifer is of the free kind, locally confined, with hydraulic gradient of approximately 0.695%, effective porosity of 28%, permeability coefficient ranging from 1.1 x 10-3 to 0.9 x 10-4 cm/s, and underground flows running north/south towards the Guamá River, at approximately 14.79 m/year. A multivariate statistical analysis has shown that superficial water samples, collected simultaneously at three control points, during one tide cycle, regardless of the season, portray totaily different behaviors, indicating that superficial water resources are being affected by the superficial movement of leachate. With the concentration value figures for each of the leachate parameters (pH, conductivity, alkalinity, ammonia, total organic carbon, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesia), plus the flow of the Aurá River at the control point near the Guamá River, it is possible to estimate the quantity of pollutants that the solid waste landfill sends into the water system. During one tide cycle, in the dry season, the solid waste landfill deposits approximately 13,115 kg of chloride, 417 kg of ammonia, and 129,767 kg of salts in the local water system. For the underground waters, the multivariate statistics showed that the samples collected In the monitoring wells in the area show significant differences, indicating that the wells located downstream have been affected by the leachate. The presence of sand layers right in the area where solid waste is deposited allows for the vertical and horizontal movement of the different pollutants originated by the leachate. The heavy metais anaiyses, conducted under the sequential extraction methodology, showed percentages in the geochemical phases potentially bio-available in the studied soil and sediment samples. In the soil samples, the potentially bio-available fraction (replace, reduce, and organic geochemistry phases) contained an average of 32% of the total Cadmium (Cd), 11.8% of the total Chromium (Cr), 23% of the total Copper (Cu), 12.32% of the total Nickel (Ni), 43.1% of the total Lead (Pb), and 31.01% of the total Zinc. The potentially bio-available phases percentage in the sediments of the area was greater than the ones found in the soil samples. In these sediments, the quantity of heavy metais in the potentially bio-available fraction, shown higher values during the dry season than during the rainy season; for instance, 33% of the total Cd measured during the rainy season increased to 37% in the dry season; Pb increased from 61 to 70%; Zn, from 51 to 54%, among others. The metais analyzed by total attack in the soil samples, compared with the sandstone backgrounds, indicate that the Fe (3.1%), Cu (18.5 ppm), Ni (10.1 ppm), Pb (69.5 ppm), Cr (76 ppm), and Cd (>1 ppm) are above normal standards. In the case of sediment samples, the EPA background values (total concentration) would be moderately polluted by Cr (average 64.6 ppm) and heavily polluted by Fe (3.8%) and Mn (600 ppm). These results show that the sediments were not polluted by Pb and Zn. Considering the potentially bio-available phase and using the tool provided by a Geographic Information System (GIS), we can say that, during the rainy season, the sediment samples were not polluted by Cr (potentially bio-available fraction smaller than 20% of the total) were highly polluted by Pb and Zn (PBD higher than 50%), and moderately polluted by Cu, Ni, and Cd (PBD between 20 and 50%).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uma Cartografia do lixo em Belém (PA): distribuição espacial de depósitos irregulares de lixo e o dever do estado para o desenvolvimento sustentável
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-17) GONÇALVES, Diego Andrews Hayden; CORBIN, Hisakhana Pahoona; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3256845970027095
This research sought to analyze the spatial distribution of informal deposits of solid waste (dumpsites) and the State's role in terms of waste management while seeking to foster socioenvironmental sustainability of Belém. For this reason, a mixed methods case study was undertaken, as qualitative and quantitative data were collected from multiple sources. The research confirmed that the spatial dispersion of garbage in Belém does not follow a specific dispersion pattern. In this sense, numerous small-sized garbage dumps are spread across different neighborhoods, especially the so-called peripheral ones, on heavily trafficked avenues, on cycle lanes, on sidewalks, in front of commercial establishments, on deteriorated infrastructure, in front of uninhabited residences, at the entrances to small residential streets, and the banks of urban canals. As it relates to waste management, the municipality has been looking for ways to address illegal dumping of waste in the city, but it has not been successful in solving this problem, which is characterized by a range of socio-environmental, legal, and other consequences.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da precipitação sazonal na qualidade das águas na área de influência do lixão de Salinópolis, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-25) SILVA, Régia Simony Braz da; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884
The rainfall directly influences in the physicochemical and microbiological water bodies composition through complex processes of surface-atmosphere interaction. However, the quality of a water body does not depend only on natural factors, anthropic influence is an important variable to be considered for the analysis of water quality. The water quality is critical to the maintenance of the environmental balance and the health of the population who uses it. Although, many studies emphasize the quality of water in dumps and landfills, assessments that relate hydrologic variables with physicochemical parameters are still scarce, especially in the Amazon region. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of seasonal precipitation in the quality of surface water and groundwater near the landfill in Salinópolis, located in the village of Cuiarana through the characterization of rainfall in the region and its influence on the physicochemical and microbiological composition of the local waters. For this, we obtained the precipitation climatology of Cuiarana and data of the monthly accumulated precipitation for the period of 2014-2015 through the CMORPH technique, infiltration rate measurement on the ground in March and October 2015, and flow measurement of the rivers Cachoeira and Teixeira in March 2015. For the physicochemical and bacteriological analysis, we selected the following parameters: pH, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, total dissolved solids, turbidity, conductivity, salinity, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli; and the metals: aluminum, cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, iron, manganese, mercury, nickel and zinc. Both surface and groundwater presented unsuitable for use and human consumption. Parameters such as dissolved oxygen, iron, aluminum, lead, mercury, total coliforms and E. coli are in violation of the current legislation, for both surface and groundwater. The rainy season affected negatively the quality of the surface water, while dry period was more important to the groundwater quality deterioration. The region near the dumpsite showed greater vulnerability to a progressive deterioration of the quality of surface and groundwater, since the junction of factors such as high speed of water infiltration into the soil, topography and rainfall allow the dispersion of pollutants arising from the dump towards water bodies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O lixo como tema de estudo na formação inicial de professores
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-18) COSTA, Chirla Miranda da; FREITAS, Nadia Magalhães da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2982253212145468; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0042-8640
Social and environmental issues are presented as complex challenges to modern society and the current economic system. Among these challenges, there is the garbage problem, increasingly in evidence with the stimulus to consumerist attitudes. Considering the importance of science education in the debate of these issues, this research through the liquid- modernity conception, in accordance with Bauman and dimensions of sustainability, aims to seize the opportunities and challenges of an initial training of teachers concerning the theme of garbage and its various aspects. Thus, we obtained data collection from three teaching and learning Situations that we developed during the theme "Relationship between Science, Society and Citizenship I" with students from the Integrated Bachelor of Education in Science, Mathematics and Languages, Institute of Mathematics and Science Education (IEMCI / UFPA). This work is based on qualitative research and is characterized by being a research-action. Data were analyzed by use of Textual Analysis Discourse. Based on features such as documentary, extracted reporting from electronic media, scientific paper and production of photos, the students could reflect on several aspects which relate to the complexity of the theme waste: environmental, economic, social and political dimensions, as well as understand how they operate as consumers in waste generation from confrontation with their own waste; also, in relation to the mechanisms of manipulation by capital. These concerns imply own challenges of a critical education focused on civic education and that can not be achieved in a state of conformity with the superficiality with which reality is presented to us routinely, also reinforcing the values concerning the assumptions of sustainability.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Resíduos sólidos e os impactos socioambientais no rio Cereja: subsídios para a gestão sustentável em Bragança-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-30) SILVA FILHO, Claudio Padilha da; SILVA, Iracely Rodrigues da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5393264898435715; NUNES, Zélia Maria Pimentel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6811447795113292
The generation of municipal solid waste and its disposal is a worldwide problem. The growth of urban centers, the population explosion and environmental conflicts of humanity have been primarily responsible for human pressure on water resources in most cities. This study aims to evaluate the distribution and gravimetric composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) deposited on the river Cherry in the city of Bragança-PA. They were spread over 3.5 kilometers of urban stretch of the river 5 different points for collection of MSW during the rainy and dry season. The analysis of gravimetric composition of municipal solid waste was conducted a questionnaire on environmental awareness to people living around the river and the metrics of environmental integrity indicator (IIA) at the point of collection. The gravimetric composition of MSW in the rainy season was composed of rubber (37%), metal (23%), glass (13%) and paper / cardboard (9%). In the dry season, the highlights were polymerized / hard plastic (35%), metal (28%), polystyrene (19%). The IIA River Cherry presented classification of medium to low in relation to the diversity of habitats. Environmental characterization, the collection point showed better condition was point 1 (P1) and the collection point worse condition was P4. Gravimetric analysis of MSW disposed along the river showed a significant percentage of insusceptible material recycling. Note the need for environmental education program to promote actions that reduce and separate the MSW at the source, encouraging recycling, collection, processing and proper disposal.