Navegando por Assunto "Máscara"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cultura material e identidade: as máscaras indígenas dos povos Ticuna e Pankararu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12) LOPES, Rita de Cássia Domingues
The work aims to present and discuss the thematic of the material culture as one of the important elements of human groups, thus, the production and use of these elements spot the identity of these groups. In this perspective, examples of the material culture will be presented through two masks: The Taí (also named as Tae mask) from the Ticuna indigenous people (located on Amazonas) and the Praiá mask from the Pankararu indigenous people (located on Pernambuco). The research method was bibliographic consulting recognized references on the subject. The results were that objects, including the masks, can be conceived as elements that carry cultural values, because it requires knowledge and mastery of certain techniques, of the cosmological universe, of unique relations with the environment, economy, mythology, rituals, revealing the lifestyle of the group/people and its identity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da manipulação do número de escolhas sobre o desempenho em tarefas de discriminação simples em macaco-prego (Cebus cf. apella)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-11) QUEIROZ, Lidianne Lins de; BRINO, Ana Leda de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9930065472602966; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
There are several variables that can affect the precision of repertoire acquisition in discrimination training. The number of choices presented in the discrete trials is still one variable little explored in the context of verifying in which situations the discriminative control is more easily established. The general objective of the present work is to describe the effects of the manipulation of the number of choices on performance in simple discrimination tasks in capuchin monkeys (Cebus cf. apella). In Experiment I, the subjects were given a discriminative training with three types of trials (2, 4, and 9 choices). A stimulus control test assessed if the acquired repertoire could be maintained when the stimuli used in the three types of trials were then presented in the two-choice fashion. Additionally, in Experiment II, we evaluated if the correct responses in previous discrimination training occurred due to selection of the S+, rejection of the S-, or mixed control (selection and rejection). This evaluation was carried out through a mask procedure. The results in Experiment I suggest that the exposure to a larger number of choices is an efficient strategy to establish the discriminated responses since the performance was accurate even when the number of choices was reduced to two. The results obtained in Experiment II show different data for the two subjects. M30 showed control by rejection and preference for mask and M31 showed mixed control. The present research shows a path to a more complete analysis of stimulus control in studies on the manipulation of the number of choices and indicates that this variable may be an efficient way to reduce the difficulty in acquisition of discriminations in applied context.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudos sobre controle de estímulos em macacos-prego
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) CRUZ, Ilara Reis Nogueira da; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
In stimulus control studies with non-humans, incoherence between the planned control relations and the actual stimulus control established in training is frequently found. For that reason, the Experimental School of Primates develops different teaching procedures, aiming to make easy the establishment of conditional relations in capuchin monkeys. The present work consists of one collection that comprises three research reports formatted as papers. Chapter 1 describes a study, comprising two experiments, evaluating the stimulus shaping procedure to establish arbitrary conditional relations. In Experiment I, two monkeys, M12 and M15, quickly acquired the discriminations, and a third subject (M09) required long train. In Experiment II, the procedure was modified and a new train was carried out with subject M09, resulting in a better performance. Stimulus control digression was however found, making difficult concluding the stimulus shaping process. Two capuchin monkeys participated in the study presented in Chapter 2, with the purpose of evaluating, through the blank comparison procedure, the stimulus control relations (selection of S+, rejection of S- or both – mix control) during identity matching training. Subject M09 firstly presented reject control, for one of the identity relations and mix control for the others tested relations. Subject M16 presented mix control for all tested relations with the blank comparison. Still on stimulus control, Chapter 3 presents a study to verify if the use of specific reinforcer stimuli in identity conditional relations is enough to make such reinforcement stimuli function as nodal in equivalence class formation with capuchins monkeys. The study demonstrated that specific reinforcement was not enough for class formation. Its possible that similar proprieties between stimuli belonging to different potential classes have made difficult the training, besides the fact that the specific reinforcers used may have not been enough distinct to function as nodal.