Navegando por Assunto "Madeira"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização completa da madeira da espécie amazônica Paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum Herb) em peças de dimensões estruturais
(2013-12) ALMEIDA, Diego Henrique de; SCALIANTE, Ricardo de Mello; MACEDO, Laurenn Borges de; MACÊDO, Alcebíades Negrão; DIAS, Antonio Alves; CHRISTOFORO, André Luis; CALIL JUNIOR, Carlito
The Amazon specie Paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum Herb) present fasts growth and very good development in diameter in a few years, a small amount of nodes and defects, key characteristic in its use for structural purpose. The aim of this paper was to determine the strength and stiffness properties of Paricá wood, according to ABNT NBR 7190: 2011, as well, perform the visual classification of members for determination of defects as: nodes, inclination of grain, warpings. The concluding that the Paricá wood is classified as C 20 dicotyledonous class, low density, with good compression strength parallel to the grain, with a great potential to be used in civil construction, when compared with other species and, in relation to the visual analysis, few nodes, right grain and has no warping.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Colagem de junta de madeira com adesivo epóxi
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-02-08) CARNEIRO, Ruth Pereira; FUJIYAMA, Roberto Tetsuo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3165747089941318
This work has as objective of making, to test and to compare the glued joints of butt, scarf and finger with three species of wood of different densities. The collage of the wood makes possible the use of pieces and surpluses of wood that are usually discarded, could minimize the cut of a lot of trees, be of the nature or of planned planting. The methodology of production of the joint, it was established with base in indications described in Brazilian norms. Macroscopic observation of the wood it was accomplished, for confirmation of your species. After established the dimension of the joints they were made bodies of proof, using the adhesive Compound Adhesive of epoxy base and wood Angelim-pedra, Jatobá and Tauari, acquired in wood deposit in the city of Ananindeua-Pa. With relationship the characterization of the adhesive, it was verified through the traction tests that has good mechanical resistance. After collages of the joints it was accomplished traction tests to determining the resistance of the glued joints. The glued joints performance it was evaluated in function of the relationship among the values of resistance to traction of the solid wood and the values of resistance to traction with glued wood and rupture way. In agreement with the results it was observed that the glued joints scarf they presented excellent resistance to traction, very close of the resistance of the solid wood; it was also noticed the good acceptance of collage of the wood Jatobá. With relationship the quality of the adhesion, the glued joints of butt and finger, therefore they presented adhesive rupture. The experimental results obtained indicate a good agreement among the theoretical models to evaluate the resistance to the traction and the qualification of the glued joints.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Crescimento de espécies arbóreas em uma floresta natural de terra firme após a colheita de madeira e tratamentos silviculturais, no município de Paragominas, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015-12) SOUZA, Deivison Venício; CARVALHO, João Olegário Pereira de; MENDES, Fernanda da Silva; MELO, Lia de Oliveira; SILVA, José Natalino Macedo; JARDIM, Fernando Cristóvam da Silva
This paper deals with the effects of silvicultural treatments on growth rates of a terra firme natural forest after reduced impact logging (RIL). The study was carried out in the Rio Capim Forest Management Unit, which belongs to Cikel Brasil Verde Madeiras Ltda., located in the municipality of Paragominas, PA. The experimental area comprised 500 ha, where five treatments (100 ha each) each with four replications (25 ha each) were established. The replications were randomly distributed in the 500 ha sample area. The following treatments were applied: T1 - RIL + classical liberation thinning (girdling of competing trees) and climber cutting; T2 - RIL + modified liberation thinning (girdling of competing trees) and climber cutting; T3 - RIL + climber cutting; T6 - only RIL; T7 - unlogged forest (control). In the four years of monitoring forest, after logging and silvicultural treatments, T2 and T3 had the highest diameter growth rates. But the four-year period is not enough to suggest the best treatment, based on diameter growth rate, in response to girdling trees and climber cutting. At species level, growth rate varied between treatments and within treatments. In general, the lower diameter growth rates were observed in the unlogged forest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Economia circular e práticas sustentáveis: um estudo de caso em uma empresa da movelaria paraense
(Universidade da Amazônia, 2021-11) LIMA, Fernanda Costa de; MARTINS, Cyntia Meireles; PIRES, Gilson Scholl; BOTELHO, Carla Raíssa Viégas
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Economia madeireira: dificuldades de regulação e efeitos sobre quilombolas no arquipélago do Marajó
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04-27) SANTOS, Daiana Brito dos; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
From the debate about regulation and institutionalization of the lumber market in the paraense Amazon with a view the data about violation of the flora of IBAMA, reports of IDERFLOR, SUDAM and a map of social cartography elaborated by quilombolas of São Sebastião Cipoal, the present study proposes to understand the State difficulty to establish the control of exploration of lumber to indicate acts of economic players in view of instrument of control, overcoat in archipelago of Marajó. See if that the positioning of state about the clandestine lumber activity is not addressed to an efficient regulation to this market, as well as it needs the efficient public politics to solve the territorial conflicts and to combat deforestation. The legal requirement of the project to forest management and to explore forest do not means that the equilibrated exploration occurs of the point of view of rational extraction the forest resource and the own use of earth reveals whether masked to " sustainability action" . Big agents with―green" seals to devastate the forest and the numbers of papers and infractions are ever higher.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impactos da exploração madeireira sobre a fauna de formigas e conseqüências para a remoção de sementes florestais na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2001) KALIF, Kemel Amim Bittencourt; MOUTINHO, Paulo Roberto de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7277077476036269
Logging in the Amazon Forest affects approximately 1.5 million hectares of forestlands each year. These activities result in forest structural and microclimatic changes that could potentially affect diversity and animal species composition. Regeneration of these areas could be jeopardized since animals disperse most seeds. On the other hand, it is possible not to affect seed dispersal mechanisms by maintaining forest fauna integrity through the implementation of reduced impact logging techniques. By using ants as an ecologically representative animal group and integrated into the regeneration processes through dispersion and predation, this work evaluated; (1) if logging affects fauna (diversity and species composition), (2) if reduced impact logging techniques are capable of preserving it, and (3) if logging affects ants ecological efficiency in seed removal (dispersion and predation). Logging effects on ants' diversity and species composition, as well as seed removal done by these insects, were studied in three different forest areas in the municipality of Paragominas in the state of Pará. The first area was a forest that went through high impact logging (FC), the second a forest affected by reduced impact logging techniques (FB), and the third one a primary forest used as the control group (FP). Ants’ were sampled four times during 1998 using the Winkler method at four transects per area. The seed removal experiment was conducted by distributing seeds of six wood species through twelve points in each area. During the experiment the daily number of ants and other arthropods that visited the seed points was quantified. The amount of seeds removed was counted at the end of the experiment. Diversity and abundance of ant species were not affected by logging activities. However, species composition changed by 36% in FB and by 37% in FC. The Pheidole genus experienced richness and abundance reduction only in FC. Seed removal was also significantly lower (-33%) in FC compared to the ones registered in FB and FP. Ants represented 92% of all arthropods that visited the seed points in the three forest areas. The bigger seeds were the most removed ones, independently of its seed disperser adaptations and of the studied forest area. The results obtained suggest that forest logging can affect ant species composition, without affecting its diversity (except that of Pheidole). Reduced impact logging techniques have the capacity of preserving Pheidole species diversity, which guarantees seed movements similar to those of a primary forest. Nevertheless, conventional logging can reduce, both the number of species and occurrences of this genus, thus resulting in a reduced number of removed seeds. Such reduction probably jeopardizes forest regeneration after wood extraction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Inovação sustentável na indústria do Estado de Mato Grosso: setores de alimentos e madeireiro (1970-2012)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-12-07) SILVA, Ivana Aparecida Ferrer; SILVA, Fábio Carlos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3704903975084467
The economic growth of Mato Grosso in the last four decades is presented as a reflection of public policies implemented in the state, although the direction for the commoditie´s production has generated significant impacts on the environment and in the local society. Moreover, sustainable innovation in industries might become a factor of diversification and optimization of industrial production matrix of the state. Thus, the objective of this thesis is the ability to detect adherence of Food and Wood industries of Mato Grosso over the paradigm of sustainable innovation. The exploratory study was operationalized through a field study in which 1149 industries formed the universe, a random with 92 responses of entrepreneurs, 57 wood´s and 35 food´s supply. The data collected from January to July 2012 were statistically analyzed by SPSS 17. Such analyzes have revealed that sustainable innovation is not yet configured as a reality, lacking basic structural conditions to enable the operation of the system, however there is strong evidence that entrepreneurs are pursuing innovation in processes, seek information, encouraging their employees to innovate and already adopt some practices related to sustainable management. There is a dichotomy in the profile of companies in the state and also in the way they seek to innovate, so that public policies do not meet all evenly. Few companies effectively develop sustainable innovation, largely acquire foreign technology. Besides the quantitative research were technical visits and interviews in eleven public institutions in order to collect qualitative information about the industry and their adherence to sustainable innovation. This study confirmed the hypothesis that public institutions were inefficient in the process of "sustainable regional development", as generated only economic growth. And are responsible for the current production structure that excluded indigenous or autoctone knowledge and territorial characteristics, to established and maintain the path dependence. However there is the possibility of transforming these productive structures since the institutionalities be transformed and education, learning and support structures to micro and small business owners are strengthened through cooperation. Guidelines were suggested.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Legislação ambiental e economia do crime na BR-163 e PA-370: análise do mercado madeireiro ilegal
(Companhia Brasileira de Produção Científica, 2018-08) CARVALHO, Abner Vilhena de; SILVA, Fabiane Miranda da; CARVALHO, Rhayza Alves Figueiredo de; GUIMARÃES, Jarsen Luis Castro; CARVALHO, André Cutrim; ALMEIDA, Rodolfo Maduro; TANAKA FILHO, Mario; SANTOS FILHO, Manoel Bentes dos
The state of Pará is home to a significant portion of regional vegetation, and this opens the economic eye toward profitability - licit and illicit, that the forest can generate through logging. The Environmental Crimes Law was created to combat and punish environmental illicit such as illegal logging. In this sense, the general objective is to carry out the environmental economic analysis about the seizure of illegal wood from processes processed / judged and finalized under the jurisdiction of the archive of the Santarém Forum (PA), registered in the years 2006-2016. The data come from cataloging performed in the archive of the Forum of Santarém, tabulating: the year of infraction; the type of person who committed the crime; the type of charge seized - identifying the volume and the species (s); as well as the fine imposed by environmental agents and the final fine paid. From this, through statistical programs, the methodological technique of cost-benefit estimation of the illegal timber market was applied, which compared the estimated value of the load - environmental economic loss, with the fine that was paid by the offender after the final decision given by the judge. The analysis of the results was based on the specificity of Law 9.605 / 98 regarding illegal logging and, in Gary Becker's economic theory, focused on the analysis of criminal activities. In sum, it was observed in the results that the estimated value of the charge seized, in almost all cases was greater than the fine imposed, the latter can still be paid in installments, making the environmental recomposition is minimal. It is evident that if the initial penalty were applied, the offender's average profit margin would be approximately 31.74% in relation to the potential benefit, which, according to Becker's theory, would keep the illegal activity in full employment. operation. However, the results show that, on average, that profit margin of the potential crime benefit amount is approximately 67%, which makes logging illegally attractive and rewarding, as the 'potential benefit' of the activity has been quite higher than the economic costs of the penalties. Therefore, it is necessary to apply more effectively the Law on environmental crimes, as well as governance activities in relation to hiring more environmental agents to prevent, combat and seize loads that are out of illegality, as well as greater activity judiciary in judging cases.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Regeneração florestal associada a tamanhos de clareiras: implicações para o manejo florestal sustentável
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-05-30) PINTO, Andréia Cristina Brito; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
The conviction on the capacity of forest regeneration is one of the backbones of the sustainable forest management in a long term. The performance of the regenerative process, however, depends on the damage intensity of the logging activity, which can be reduced according to science-base interventions on suitable criteria to direct the good practices. In this sense, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different sizes of logging gaps on forest regeneration. The study was carried out in eastern Amazonia (Paragominas, Pará state, Brazil). We evaluated and monitored links of the regenerative process (e. g., herbivores vertebrate, seed rain, climatic factors) and/or others direct attributes of the regeneration (e. g., plant density, species richness, growth, recruitment, mortality) in two study sites. At Rio Capim ranch, with recent logging, fifteen 1.3 year old logging gaps were selected in an area of 300 ha of reduced impact logged forest and monitored for fifteen months. These gaps comprised three size categories: five small gaps (30-100 m2), five medium gaps (500-800 m2) and five large gaps (> 1.500 m2). At Cauaxi ranch, with old logging activity, twelve 8.5 years old logging gap had the direct attributes of its regeneration evaluated. The size categories were as above, except the larger gaps were smaller (1,000-1,400 m2). Our prediction is that higher species richness will occur in places of intermediary disturbances, in this case, in medium gaps (sensu Connell, 1978). Overall, this hypothesis was not confirmed. In Rio Capim ranch (1.3 year post-logging), although the larger gaps presented the lowest plant richness, the medium gaps were not the richest in species. Larger gaps showed more divergences to closed forest (control), they had higher temperatures, higher density, higher plant height growth, and higher vine growth. In medium gaps, the vines and pioneers species had also higher growth than in closed forest. The small gaps were more similar to closed forest, only differing on its higher pioneer density and growth (except vine growth). Both the seed rain and the impact of the herbivores on regeneration were indifferent to gap sizes, but show dependence on punctual features, such as presence of feeding sources to fauna and to seed production. The old gaps of Cauaxi ranch showed no significant differences among sizes and closed forests. Comparatively, the old gaps had lower density and higher relative species richness than younger gaps. According to our results and their potential implications to forest regeneration, the main recommendation of this study is that large gaps must be avoided. The small and medium gaps congregate more fortunate attributes to the sustainability of the timber management.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O valor econômico da extração manejada de madeira no baixo Amazonas, estado do Pará
(2012-06) SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; SANTOS, Marcos Antônio Souza dos; SANTANA, Ádamo Lima de; YARED, Jorge Alberto Gazel
The objective of this study was to estimate the economic value and the trade margin of roundwood from managed areas. Besides generating a positive margin values, they are relatively higher In this chain than those generated in activities contributing to deforestation in the Amazon. Additionally, the unfolding mean rate of 37.3% was achieved (2.68 m3 of logs for each 1.0 m3 of sawn timber), which revealed a low technological level of companies. At the lower Amazon, the average economic value from the extraction and sale of standing timber in the local market was R$ 23.48/m3, with a minimum value of R$ 9.06/m3 for the species in category C4 (softwood) and a maximum of R$ 55.63/m3 for the species of category C1 (special wood). Thus, considering an extraction flow of 30 years and assuming the extraction of 25 m3/ha in management designs of forest areas from concession contracts in the state of Pará, it is generate an average economic value of R$ 587.00/ha or R$ 19.56/ha/year, which is relatively higher than the profit generated by the activities of extensive livestock (around R$ 180.00 per hectare or R$ 6.00/ha/year) and grain crops (approximately R$ 420.00 per hectare or R$ 14.00/ha/year), which are the main responsibles for deforestation in the Amazon. It also presents a higher profitability than the reforesting with Paricá, whose income is R$ 192.26/ha or R$ 7.12/ha/year. The marketing margin showed that society tends to appropriate of 14.30% of the economic value generated in the wood chain from the transition contracts.