Navegando por Assunto "Malária"

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Abordagem fitoquímica, determinação da atividade antiplasmódica in vitro e avaliação preliminar da toxicidade do extrato hidroetanólico das cascas de Aspidosperma excelsum Benth (Apocynaceae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) GOMES, Luis Fábio dos Santos; DOLABELA, Maria Fâni; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0458080121943649; VASCONCELOS, Flávio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3695753129639448
Malaria is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. The treatment of malaria is becoming increasingly difficult with the expansion of the cases of parasites resistant to drugs used in therapy. In this context, products isolated from plants have give an important contribution, representing an important source for obtaining new antimalarial drugs. Antiplasmodial activity of alkaloids of plant origin has been widely reported in the literature. Plants of the Apocynaceae family, rich in indole alkaloids have medicinal properties and some large species of the genus Aspidosperma have demonstrated antimalarial potential. Thus, this study aimed to perform a phytochemical approach, evaluate the antiplasmodial activity and toxicity in vitro preliminary of the hydroethanolic extract from the bark of A. excelsum, native of the Amazon region, where it is traditionally used to treat various diseases, including malaria. Antiplasmodial activity in vitro of different concentrations of the extract and alkaloidal and methanolic fractions was evaluated in cultures of P. falciparum W2 by the percentage of inhibition of parasitaemia and the mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined at intervals of 24, 48 and 72 h. The cytotoxicity assay of the extract and alkaloidal fraction was carried out on L929 mouse fibroblasts by MTT method and the testing of acute oral toxicity of the extract was carried out according to the Fixed Dose Procedure adopted by the OECD with small modifications. The phytochemical approach revealed the presence of saponins, reducing sugars, phenols and tannins and alkaloids, and these were confirmed in significant amounts in the alkaloidal fraction with chloroform fraction (C2). Through thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography of the extract characterized the presence of the indole alkaloid yohimbine. The extract and fractions showed antiplasmodial activity in vitro. The extract showed the best activity in 24 h (IC50 = 5.2 ± 4.1 μg / mL), indicating a good activity schizonticide. Only C2 alkaloidal fraction showed a small but significant cytotoxicity (concentrations higher than 800 μg/mL). The extract not only cytotoxicity but also did not showed any obvious sign of toxicity in acute oral dose of 5000 mg/mL. The results indicate that the extract of Aspidosperma excelsum Benth presents promising potential antimalarial and deserves more detailed studies on antiplasmodial activity, aiming the isolation of active compounds and elucidation of their mechanisms of action.
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Adesão ao tratamento da malária vivax em crianças
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-01) SANTOS, José Alberto Gomes dos; ANDRADE, Marcieni Ataíde de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8514584872100128
Malaria is an infectious disease endemic in 104 countries and vivax malaria accept responsibility for 25 to 40% of the global burden of disease worldwide. The South America has high transmission rates shown by the annual parasite incidence (API) greater than 1% of the population. In recent years it has been observed in Brazil the prevalence of infection with P. vivax. The treatment protocol isased on the combination of chloroquine and primaquine, however, treatment failures have been reported worldwide including in Brazil with adherence as one of the causes. Several factors can interfere in the adherence between them: education, sex, absence of signs and symptoms and socioeconomic profile. This study evaluated the adherence to malaria treatment from determining the profile demographic partner of children with vivax malaria in Anajás and determined the plasma concentrations of chloroquine and primaquine of the study patients. For the profile of the participants was used questionnaire was complete source of information. To measure adherence to treatment was used indirect test Morisky-Green assessing the patient's attitude towards treatment. The plasma concentration of primaquine and its metabolite was made by collecting paper filter venous blood on day D1 and D7 and determined HPLC. The profile of patients showed that most of the children were male, with the primary caregiver mother, education and income were considered low, despite the distribution the use of mosquito nets it is irregular, 92.4% of households have no sewage system, and 33.3% use water from the river for consumption .The indirect test Morisky- Green classified 42 children as adherent and 08 as no adherent The plasma concentration of PQ in D7 adherent and no adherent were related and showed no significant difference, since the CPQ concentrations in D7 Adherent showed statistically significant result, with higher values in adherent patients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adesão ao tratamento da malária: um estudo em comunidades do entorno da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) ROCHA, Maria de Nazaré Almeida; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
Malaria, infectious disease, caused by the protozoan Plasmodium, transmitted to humans by the bite of female mosquito of the genus Anopheles. Currently puts at risk 40% of the world population. In Brazil occurs mainly in the Amazon region where they are concentrated 99.7% of cases. In communities located around the lake of Tucuruí the occurrence of malaria is high and the residents do not have efficient services that provide appropriate prophylaxis and therapy. This research has the purpose of examining the occurrence of conduct of accession to drug treatment and prevention of malaria in people living in the surrounding communities of the Tucuruí hydroelectric power, state of Para, through comparison of three conditions for intervention: Timing ( n = 10), Monitoring (n = 9) and Monitoring with information (n = 10). To quantitatively assess the effects of intervention in the conduct adopted three conditions were compared by non-parametric statistical methods: the Chi-square test and Binomial test. It was previously set the significance level alpha = 0.05 to reject the null hypothesis. The adherence to treatment and the conditions Routine Monitoring was marginal, however, in the condition Monitoring with information was found that after the intervention 80% of the participants joined significantly (p <0.05) to treatment, demonstrating, effectiveness of intervention. As to the knowledge of malaria, in the condition Monitoring with information when compared with other conditions, after intervention, was obtained p-value = 0.0466 (significant) indicating that the intervention promoted increase in the level of knowledge of participants on malaria. The analysis of change in the behavioral repertoire was held in thirteen items. Results have been achieved more success in then condition Monitoring with information on nine items was observed significant change of attitude of the participants, highlighting the fact that these nine items the p-value <0.05 was certificate as evidence of statistical significance of this conclusion. The comparison between the conditions Monitoring and Monitoring with information presented significant difference in eight items. There was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) in the following items: Use mosquito net, notify the officer of health, keep the trees pruned or cut, not bathing in the river in times of danger, Wear clothes suitable for enter the forest, Use appropriate clothing for fishing, not staying at night and Use repellents as andiroba or similar. In summary, the intervention was successful to contribute to effective treatment of malaria and increase the level of knowledge about the disease.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alterações clínicolaboratoriais em pacientes com malária por Plasmodium vivax e deficiência de glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase tratados com 0,50mg/kg/dia de primaquina
(2004-06) SILVA, Mônica Cristina de Moraes; SANTOS, Eliane Barbosa; COSTA, Elenild de Góes; SILVA FILHO, Manoel Gomes da; GUERREIRO, João Farias; PÓVOA, Marinete Marins
The adverse effects of primaquine (0.50mg/kg/day) were investigated in eleven patients with vivax malaria (three patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency). Clinical and laboratorial alterations indicated acute hemolysis in only the enzymopenic patients and treatment was interrupted. Our results suggest that screening for G6PD deficiency should be carried out in patients with vivax malaria infection in order to avoid complications due to primaquine.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alterações hematológicas, bioquímicas e histopatológicas no modelo de malária aviária Gallus gallus por Plasmodium gallinaceum: papel do óxido nítrico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-07-29) MACCHI, Barbarella de Matos; DAMATTA, Renato Augusto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6212140983414786; NASCIMENTO, José Luiz Martins do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7216249286784978
Malaria causes major losses to human populations in the world. Experimental models are needed for a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms of the diseases and the development of new treatments. Chickens infected with Plasmodium gallinaceum constitute an adequate malaria model due to the phylogenetic proximity of this parasite to human Plasmodium as well as similarities in disease manifestation, as cerebral malaria. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of nitric oxide in avian malaria development in chickens experimentally infected with P. gallinaceum, treated or not with aminoguanidine (AG - nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). Survival, classical hematology, serum biochemistry and pathology was assayed during the development of the disease. The greatest survival was observed in animals treated with AG that also presented higher parasitemia. Decrease in hematological parameters and Mean Corspucular Volume of erythrocytes increase was showed, indicating bone marrow response to anemia. Lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia were detected in infected animals, but not at the same proportion in treated animals. Monocytes, lymphocytes and heterophils showed an increase in size and changes that indicated activation. Thrombocytes were also higher with the infection and with atypical morphology. Treated animals showed fewer lesions in histological sections of brain, liver and spleen, and NO production decreased, principally during high parasitemia, compared to untreated animals. These results characterize the participation of the chemistry mediator nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of malaria in the avian model.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da atividade enzimática de quitotriosidase como um marcador para a malária vivax: abordagens bioquímicas e moleculares
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) CRUZ, Cleber Monteiro; SILVA, Luiz Carlos Santana da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6161491684526382
Chitotriosidase was the first described chitinase and its physiologic role is not entirely clear, although many studies have been showed its participation as a component of human immune response. A 24pb duplication on exon 10 of chit1 gene results on RNAm frameshift, leading to a 87 nucleotides deletion. This alteration generates a protein with no catalytic activity at all. This condition is called chitotriosidase deficiency and presents a frequency close to 6% of homozygosis duplication in different ethnical groups. Malaria is an amazon endemic parasitosis caused by protozoaries of genus Plasmodium and causes symptoms as fever, headache and vomit, which leads to a characteristic immune response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chitotriosidase enzyme behavior in patients suffering of malaria in Pará state and to determine the frequency of 24pb duplication on chitotriosidase gene in a representative sample. Chitotriosidase measurement was made in 100 healthy individual and in 47 malarial patients. The molecular analysis of the 24pb duplication was realized in 100 volunteers trough a protocol which included DNA extraction techniques, PCR and 2,5% agarose gel visualization to verify normal fragments (normal homozygote: 195pb) and the 24pb duplication (mutant homozygote: 219pb; heterozygote: 219pb e 195pb). This study described at first time on scientific literature the chitotriosidase plasmatic levels increasing in patients suffering of malaria vivax compared to healthy individual. No association was observed between parasitemia and plasmatic chitotriosidase levels in malarial patients. Molecular analysis showed a frequency of 72% normal homozygotes, 24% heterozygotes and 4% mutant homozygotes to 24pb duplication. Allelic frequencies were around 84% to wild allele and 16% to mutant allele. No correlation was found between genotype and biochemical phenotype (represented by chitotriosidase levels) on control group.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atividade antiplasmodial e modelagem molecular de novas chalconas e derivados
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) PEREIRA, Glaécia Aparecida do Nascimento; RIBEIRO, Cláudio Tadeu Daniel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0814854098256062; NASCIMENTO, José Luiz Martins do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7216249286784978
Malaria is an infection caused by Plasmodium sp. and It can be serious, if not treated precociously. It affects significant fraction of humanity and has profound health impact worldwide. It is estimated that 3.3 billion people are exposed to the risk of transmission. One of the problems of the infection is the growing emergence of parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs. In this context, studies are needed to develop new alternative chemotherapy. Many substances, such as the chalcones, have had their antiplasmodial activity proven. However, the physicochemical properties of these molecules, which are important for biological actions, are not well established. In this work, molecular modeling was performed and the antiplasmodial activity was evaluated of two chalcones (HBR1, and LH2) and four derivatives of chalcones (GH3, IV4, LCH1, and LCH3). For that, we determined the drug concentration inhibitory of 50% of the growth of P. falciparum in vitro as well as the physicochemical properties of derivatives of chalcones as HOMO, LUMO, electrostatic potential, C log P, hydration energy, polarizability and molecular volume through virtual calculations. The results of the calculated values were correlated with the biological activity in order to identify chemical parameters that can influence the antiplasmodial action. The inhibitory concentrations in 50% of the growth of P. falciparum ranged from 0,2 to 1,7 M, and these values were smaller than described them in the literature. The study of the correlation between the biological activities and the physicochemical properties showed determinating parameters for the biological activity, as LUMO, electrostatic potential, C log P and hydration energy, which may help in the selection of molecules more active against P. falciparum. Thus, these molecular properties can be used in the rational planning of new chalcones and/or derivatives with antiplasmodial activity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da adesão ao tratamento preconizado para malária: determinação da primaquina em pacientes diagnosticados com Plasmodium vivax
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-31) GONÇALVES FILHO, Wilson Vieira; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2739079559531098; ANDRADE, Marcieni Ataíde de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8514584872100128
Malaria is a disease that threatens 50% of the world population living in endemic areas such as Africa, Asia and Latin America. Concerning malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax in Brazil, which treatment is based on primaquine and chloroquine, it is a major public health issue that hinders the development of the Amazon region and adherence to drug therapy is one of the main factors that influence the effectiveness of the drug. This study uses indirect methods assess treatment adherence, correlating it with plasma concentrations of primaquine and carboxyprimaquine. Thus, a cross-sectional observational controlled study was conducted with 27 patients in Anajás, Pará before (D0), during (D1) and after (D7) treatment using the antimalarials, followed by the assessment of the patients with questions based on Morisky-Green test at the end of the treatment. Higher prevalence of vivax malaria was observed in males (70.4%) and age group of 20-39 years (55.56%), Morisky-Green test indicated adherence of 75%, 15 out of 20 patients, with hit rates of 80%, 65%, 70% and 65% to the questions. Mean-value of primaquine concentration on D1 was 134.8 ng/mL, and 131.9 ng/mL on D7, values for carboxyprimaquine are 408 ng/ml and 529.4 ng/mL respectively. It is possible to observe a statistically significant difference in the carboxyprimaquine values between D1 and D7 in the acceding group defined by the Morisky-Green tests, showing that carboxyprimaquine accumulates in the body; therefore being more suitable for assessing adherence to treatment. Therefore, it is important to point out these concentrations of primaquine and carboxyprimaquine consist as the first determination study of drugs and metabolites found for the short-course treatment suggested by the Ministry of Health for vivax malaria in the Amazon region, supporting the studies of adherence surveys regarding antimalarials.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da atividade antiplasmódica in vitro dos óleos de Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) e Pimenta-de-macaco (Piper aduncum L)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) MIRANDA JUNIOR, Raimundo Nonato Cardoso; DOLABELA, Maria Fâni; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0458080121943649; MAIA, José Guilherme Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1034534634988402
In search of new antimalarial drugs, two typical species of the Amazon region and a fraction rich limonoids were the object of this study: Carapa guianensis Aubl. (Meliaceae), known popularly as andiroba traditionally used as an insecticide and fighting malaria, the species Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae), known popularly as the pimento-de-macaco, used to treat inflammatory diseases and the fraction rich limonoids obtained from Carapa guianensis. Crude oil and fraction were tested in vitro using methods described by Rieckman and col. (1980) modified by Carvalho (1990) with Plasmodium falciparum clones W2 and Dd2. These studies showed that the oils had antiplasmodial activity, with a concentration of 0.82ng/mL and 8.2mg/mL andiroba oil showed an inhibition he W2 clone was 100% and Dd2 to 71% (IC50 9.4 μg/ml) after 72h of exposure respectively. For the fraction at a concentration of 3.1mg/mL, clone W2, was 100% and Dd2 to 82% (IC50 0.4 μg/ml), after 72h of exposure. The pimento-de-macaco oil overalls had a concentration of 1.30ng/mL for the W2 clone inhibition of 100% and the Dd2 to 77% after 72h of exposure to a concentration of 10.3mg/mL. The results with the chili oil overalls at a concentration of 1.30ng/ml the inhibition was 100% in clone W2 and Dd2 clone at a concentration of 10.3mg/mL, inhibition was 77% after 72h of exposure.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da distribuição espacial da malária e da leishmaniose tegumentar no município de Tomé-Açu/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12) NUNES, Raquel Soares Casaes; CASAES, Roberta Soares
The municipality of Tomé-Açu/PA has development geared to wards agriculture, but as a result of deforestation and the city's growth, the population has become susceptible to contact with vectors of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (IPDs). Due to insufficient information on the spatial distribution of the occurrence of DIPs in the mesoregion of northeastern Pará and the possibility of new information that contributes to the environmental management of municipalities, this work seeks to map the spatial distribution of 2008 and 2018 on the cases registered in the municipality. It is, therefore, a quantitative and qualitative research that correlates the Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Malaria IPDs with deforestation. The data were obtained from the municipality's health secretary to obtain the places where the diseases occurred. After the data import procedure, the Kernel Density estimator and the Global Moran Index were applied to generate maps for 2008 and 2018 that show the different densities of the phenomena and the areas of greatest epidemiological risk, where the use and occupation of the are predominant factors for the epidemic of IPDs in the region due to human occupation in the vicinity of newly deforested areas. According to the numbers of registered cases, Cutaneous Leishmania is was the disease with the highest incidence in the years 2008 and 2018. However, Malaria predominated in the rural area in 2008. It is concluded that the methodology used can contribuited the understanding from where surveillance and control actions for the population's health could be intensified.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do nível de concordância do teste imunocromatográfico OptiMAL-IT® e a gota espessa no diagnóstico da malária, no município de Mazagão-AP, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) FADUL, Danielle Scerne; COUTO, Álvaro Augusto Ribeiro D'Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3800209721205388
The precocious diagnosis and the opportune treatment of the cases of malaria is one of the main strategies for the control of the disease. Several alternatives for the traditional microscopic diagnosis were proposed in the last years, the Immunochromatographic tests that capture white antigens of the parasites of the malaria they are being proposed, as the test OptiMAL-IT® that captures the lactic desidrogenase of the Plasmodium sp.. The study had as objective the evaluation of the level of agreement between the Immunochromatographic test (OptiMAL-IT®) and the thick drop for the diagnosis of the malaria in the City of Mazagão – Amapá, Brazil. 413 individuals were analyzed with malaria sintomatology that had looked for the service of the unit of health service of the city, with age among 01-68 years. The results of the OptiMAL-IT® test were compared with the obtained results, of the same samples, through the thick drop red-faced by the Giemsa. Of the 413 patients suspicious to present malaria, 317(76.8%) were positive through GE and 311 (75.3%) were positive for TDR OptiMAL-IT®. Of the positive blades of GE, had been found 27.4% of P. falciparum and 72.6% of P. vivax . The OptiMAL-IT® test detected 27.7% of P. falciparum and 72.3% of P. vivax. The sensibility obtained with TDR for P. falciparum was of 97.7% and for P. vivax was of 98.2%, the global sensibility of TDR was of 98.1% and the global specificity for both the species was of 100%. They were found preditivos values positive and negative of 100% and 94.1%, respectively. The OptiMAL-IT® test had a high agreement with thick drop, it is specific and efficient. It can be used in the diagnosis of malaria in the situations where microscopy is not available.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Basic sanitation, socioeconomic conditions, and degree of risk for the presence and maintenance of malaria in a low-transmission area in the Brazilian Amazon
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-10) MONTEIRO, Thais Hetierre Abreu; CHAVES, Tânia do Socorro Souza; MATOS, Haroldo José de; SOFFFIATTI, Nelson Fernando de Lisboa; GUIMARÃES, Luis Henrique Rocha; VENTURA, Ana Maria Revorêdo da Silva; MACHADO, Ricardo Luiz Dantas; GUIMARÃES, Ricardo José de Paula Souza e
INTRODUCTION:This study aimed to evaluate basic sanitation and socioeconomic indicators, reported cases of malaria, and risk of contracting malaria in the Ananindeua municipality, State of Pará. METHODS: Data on basic sanitation and socioeconomic dimensions were taken from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics [ Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)] 2010 census. Epidemiological malaria information was taken from the Epidemiological Malaria Surveillance Information System [ Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica de Malária (SIVEP/Malaria)], between 2003 and 2013 of the Ministry of Health and from the SIVEP/Malaria forms of the municipality's Endemic Diseases Unit for 2,013 cases. RESULTS: Our data do not confirm the correlation among indicators of basic sanitation, socioeconomic conditions, and water supply with malaria cases. Of the 1,557 cases evaluated, most were caused by Plasmodium vivax , with rare cases of Plasmodium falciparum and mixed infections. There were 756 notifications in 2003. The number of reported cases was sharply reduced between 2006 and 2012, but a 142-case outbreak occurred in 2013. Ananindeua municipality's Annual Parasite Index indicated low risk in 2003 and no risk in other years, and the 2,013 cases were predominantly male individuals aged ≥40 years.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização in vitro dos efeitos genotóxicos e citotóxicos da droga antimalárica artesunato em linfócitos humanos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-10-23) MOTA, Tatiane Cristina; BAHIA, Marcelo de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3219037174956649
Malaria is one of the most serious infectious disease in the world, with quite extensive geographic distribution in tropical areas. Its treatment is based on administration of specific drugs, as artemisinin and its derivatives: artesunate, which will be the subject of this study, and artemether. The artesunate is a semi-synthetic compound derived from artemisinin, a substance extracted from the Chinese plant Artemisia annua L. Despite the widespread use of artesunate in antimalarial therapy and the strong evidences that other antimalarials such as partenin and chloroquine present genotoxic effects in vitro; there are few studies that demonstrate artesunate genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes. In previous studies carried out in laboratory human cytogenetics, it was shown that artesunate induces cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes in vitro. Despite these findings, the mechanisms of these effects have not been adequately characterized due to limitations of the techniques used. This study aimed to assess in vitro the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of artesunate on human peripheral blood lymphocytes using assays such as FISHMN, oxidative stress and immunocytochemistry by immunofluorescence. We aimed through these tools elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the effects of artesunate in DNA of human lymphocytes. The results found in this study suggest that the artesunate induces the formation of ROS and other free radicals and that these substances are causing DNA damage in human lymphocytes in culture. Thus cells with damaged DNA, not being able to reverse this condition, activate apoptosis through the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comparative recognition by human IgG antibodies of recombinant proteins representing three asexual erythrocytic stage vaccine candidates of Plasmodium vivax
(2007-06) BARBEDO, Mayara de Brito; RICCI, Ricardo; JIMENEZ, Maria Carolina Sarti; CUNHA, Maristela Gomes da; YAZDANI, Syed S; CHITNIS, Chetan E; RODRIGUES, Mauricio Martins; SOARES, Irene da Silva
In previous immuno-epidemiological studies of the naturally acquired antibody responses to merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of Plasmodium vivax, we had evidence that the responses to distinct erythrocytic stage antigens could be differentially regulated. The present study was designed to compare the antibody response to three asexual erythrocytic stage antigens vaccine candidates of P. vivax. Recombinant proteins representing the 19 kDa C-terminal region of MSP-1(PvMSP19), apical membrane antigen n-1 ectodomain (PvAMA-1), and the region II of duffy binding protein (PvDBP-RII) were compared in their ability to bind to IgG antibodies of serum samples collected from 220 individuals from the state of Pará, in the North of Brazil. During patent infection with P. vivax, the frequency of individuals with IgG antibodies to PvMSP119, PvAMA-1, and PvDBP-RII were 95, 72.7, and 44.5% respectively. Although the frequency of responders to PvDBP-RII was lower, this frequency increased in individuals following multiple malarial infections. Individually, the specific antibody levels did not decline significantly nine months after treatment, except to PvMSP119. Our results further confirm a complex regulation of the immune response to distinct blood stage antigens. The reason for that is presently unknown but it may contribute to the high risk of re-infection in individuals living in the endemic areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comprometimento pulmonar na malária: associação com fatores epidemiológicos, imunológicos e variantes do Plasmodium vivax
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-11-20) OHNISHI, Maria Deise de Oliveira; LIBONATI, Rosana Maria Feio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3818175484709618
Malaria is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium and transmitted to humans by mosquitoes of the genus Anophelis. In 2011, the Brazilian Amazon reported 266.348 cases. In Brazil, the most prevalent species is Plasmodium vivax (80%). It´s considered responsible for benign forms of malaria, reports have shown severe forms of pulmonary malaria and deaths. The pathophysiological mechanisms are not well understood.Thus, we analyzed 247 patients with vivax malaria recruited from the Clinical Trials Program in Malaria Institute Evandro Chagas (IEC) Belém / PA) and malaria diagnosis service of the Secretariat of Health of the city of Goianésia / Pará between April / 2011 to October / 2013 to evaluate clinical, epidemiological, parasitological, radiological, genetic and immune (variants of P. vivax) parameters, associating them to the pulmonary involvement in vivax malaria. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Instituto Evandro Chagas.Hematological parameters (blood count, transaminases, bilirubin), parasite density were analyzed as were measured at D0 and D14 serum levels of cytokines (TNF-, IL-10 and INFγ), relating to the pulmonary manifestations. D0 was determined prevalence of P. vivax variants (VK210 and VK247 and P. vivax-like) and established association of these variants with patients who had an abnormal chest X-ray and / or spirometry. The study was longitudinal, prospective analytical type involving clinical, immunological, hematological, and radiological aspects of respiratory function. Patients with pulmonary involvement confirmed by clinical and / or radiological and / or functional findings constituted the study group, and patients without such findings, the control group. Participants: those with vivax malaria diagnosed by thick blood, confirmed by PCR, 15-60 years old, both genders, with no chronic diseases, no use of corticosteroids at diagnosis and who signed the consent form. Project approved by the CEP of the IEC. Observed: 69.2% were males; mean age 35 years old; 64.4% lived in Belém; 79.8% contracted malaria in the state of Pará; First infection 42.5%; mean duration of disease 7.5 ± 5.9 days; average of 6979.25 ± 8692.22 parasitaemia parasites / mm3; 46.8% were overweight or obese I; smoking and previous lung disease were not risk factors for worsening of the disease in this sample; 92.3% had headache from malaria triad; among respiratory symptoms, cough was the most frequent (53.4%); hepatomegaly and splenomegaly was more frequent among naïve malaria; Thrombocytopenia was significant in D0; radiological abnormalities in 9.7% of cases; changes in X-ray were related to malaria shortness of breath and cough had statistical significance in those with changes in the X-ray and / or spirometry; IL-10 INFγ and cytokines were significantly higher compared D0 to D14, unlike that serum TNF levels were low in D0. VK210 P. vivax variant was more frequent (69.1%); there was no significant correlation in the appearance of changes in RX in this sample and / or spirometry related to any of the P. vivax subspecies. Among the cytokines, INFγ was significantly elevated in D0 associated to variants in the following situations: (VK210, VK247, VK210 / 247). IL-10 also significantly increased in D0 only when the subspecies was VK210. Lung malaria is a reality still underestimated, especially less prominent pulmonary manifestations, being necessary to investigate potential mechanisms involved linked to the host and the parasite, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis, avoiding unfavorable outcome.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Concentrações plasmáticas de primaquina e metemoglobinemia em pacientes com malária por Plasmodium vivax
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) FERREIRA, Michelli Erica Souza; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2739079559531098
The vivax malaria is a disease that effects around 40% of the world, to treat it, chloroquine (150 mg) and primaquine (15 mg). This is an 8-aminoquinoline with tissue schizonticide action. Among the adverse effects enhance the capacity to hemoglobin oxidation, dose-dependent, which is exacerbated in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. When considering the lack of studies concerning the methemoglobin levels and its correlation with primaquine concentrations plasma in patients with vivax malaria, is justified this study using as tools to monitor the plasma primaquine concentrations and its correlation with methemoglobin levels. In this sense, it was followed up clinically and laboratory findings of 20 patients with vivax malaria before (D0) and after three (D3), seven (D7) and fourteen (D14) days starting the treatment, as well as validation of the method for primaquine determination by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methemoglobinemia was evaluated using the method of Hegesh et al. (1970) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by colorimetric method of Brewer et al. (1962 ). The methodology validated was demonstrated efficient for primaquine determination, whose average levels at D3, D7 and D14 were 227 ± 106 ng / mL, 191 ± 97 ng / mL and 160 ± 128 ng/mL. In the analysis according to gender was not observed differences significant in the drug levels in several days of study. The average methemoglobin levels in D0, D3, D7 and D14 were 1.15 ± 0.9%, 4.1 ± 2%, 5.7 ± 2% and 3 ± 1.4%, respectively. There was an increase in the methemoglobin level after drug administration, without difference by gender. There was not significant correlation between the methemoglobin levels and primaquine concentrations plasma in both sexes. The coefficients of Pearson correlation for males and females were 0.8296 and 0.8137, respectively. We observed impaired expression of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in six male patients without differences between the methemoglobin levels and primaquine concentrations plasma, compared with patients with expression normal of the enzyme.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuição ao conhecimento da fauna anofélica antropofílica da Praia da Saudade na Ilha de Cotijuba - Belém - Pará: uma área endêmica da malária
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-04-11) GUIMARÃES, Delma Gomes; MASCARENHAS, Bento Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3279744837272788
In spite of its localization near the city of Belém, Pará, Cotijuba Island has been the site of outbreaks of malaria during recent years, especially in the months of April and May. The island is part of an archipelago at the southern margin of Marajó Bay, located 29 km from Belém, as an island portion of the municipality of Belém. The island has a total area of about 60 km² and 20 km of beaches that correspond to about 66% of the total area. Because of the epidemic, it tias become necessary to identify the anopheline species that are the malaria vectors on the island. From 2002 to 2004 periodic collections were made of mosquito larvae and adults, and their breeding sites were located and characterized. Larvae were collected with dippers, while adults were collected manually in individual tubes from human volunteers. Two collections were made of adults in forested areas, one collection during the dry season and the other during the rainy season. Each collection was made during a continuous 24 hour period. Six bi-monthly collections were made near residents' houses, each lasting 6 hours. Both in the forest and near houses, only two species of anophelines were found to bite people, Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) aquasalis and Anopheles (Anopheles) intennedius. A. aquasalis was more common near houses, whereas A. intermedius was more common in the forest. Most of the island's malaria cases were found to occur two months after the beginning of the rainy season, in the month of May. On all of Cotijuba Island there are four lakes that are possible anopheline breeding sites, and Gabriela Lake is the principal breeding site, responding for 42% of the malaria cases on the island during 2003. Climatic conditions, the resident population's behavior and housing, and the lack of resources for effective vector control, among other factors, favor the continual presence of malaria on Cotijuba Island.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Correlação dos teores séricos entre mefloquina e carboximefloquina com os teores de colesterol total e frações e triglicerídeos em pacientes com malária por Plasmodium falciparum não complicada
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) RIVERA, Juan Gonzalo Bardález; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2739079559531098
Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with over 100 million cases and at least one million deaths annually. It is a disease prevalent in the countries of tropical and subtropical climate of the planet. In Brazil, it occurs mainly in the Amazon region where climatic conditions favor the breeding of the vector and the spread of disease. With the emergence of vector resistance to insecticides, the lack of an effective vaccine, and especially the resistance of plasmodia to antimalarial drugs available today, there has been a resurgence and spread of the disease worldwide. Among the drugs used to treat the disease stands to mefloquine, which has high lipid solubility, being associated to a specific polipetídio (apo-A1) present in high density lipoproteins (HDL). Thus, infected erythrocytes tend to bind to circulating HDL particles to obtain the lipid supply, which would favor the passage and accumulation of the drug in these. However, malaria patients showed abnormal lipid profile, such as decreased levels of cholesterol total, HDL and LDL cholesterol, elevated values of lactate dehydrogenase, and a moderate increase of triglyceride level. This study is the correlation between serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides in serum levels of mefloquine (MQ) and carboximefloquina (CMC) in patients with falciparum malaria not complicated. For this we used the biochemical determination through self-plush Cobas analyzer to determine the levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides and high performance liquid chromatography for determination of serum levels of mefloquine and carboximefloquina. Significant difference in serum total cholesterol, and HDL and LDL, which increased over the course of clinical evaluation, which corroborates findings in the literature and there was significant difference in serum triglycerides, which decreased with clinical outcome of patients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Development of the BG-Malaria trap as an alternative to human-landing catches for the capture of Anopheles darlingi
(2013-09) GAMA, Renata Antonaci; SILVA, Ivoneide Maria da; GEIER, Martin; EIRAS, Álvaro Eduardo
Although the human-landing catch (HLC) method is the most effective for collecting anthropophilic anophelines, it has been increasingly abandoned, primarily for ethical considerations. The objective of the present study was to develop a new trap for the collection of Anopheles darlingi . The initial trials were conducted using the BG-Sentinel trap as a standard for further trap development based on colour, airflow direction and illumination. The performance of the trap was then compared with those of the CDC, Fay-Prince, counterflow geometry trap (CFG) and HLC. All trials were conducted outdoors between 06:00 pm-08:00 pm. Female specimens of An. darlingi were dissected to determine their parity. A total of 8,334 anophelines were captured, of which 4,945 were identified as An. darlingi . The best trap configuration was an all-white version, with an upward airflow and no required light source. This configuration was subsequently named BG-Malaria (BGM). The BGM captured significantly more anophelines than any of the other traps tested and was similar to HLC with respect to the number and parity of anophelines. The BGM trap can be used as an alternative to HLC for collecting anophelines.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da suplementação com antioxidantes sobre as alterações oxidativas cerebrais e pulmonares em malária murina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) GOMES, Bruno Alexandre Quadros; PERCÁRIO, Sandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3018367879063988
During malaria infection, Plasmodium may provoke high oxidative stress, resulting in oxidative damage, and may lead to the development of severe malaria, such as cerebral and pulmonary malaria. Furthermore, the involvement of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses in the physiopathological phenomena of disease has been discussed, as well as the potential benefit of antioxidant supplements. Hence, from the antioxidant sources that would be suitable, two are particularly interesting: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and mushroom Agaricus sylvaticus. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential benefit NAC and Agaricus sylvaticus supplementation against oxidative changes in murine malaria caused by Plasmodium berghei. Two-hundred male mice (Mus musculus) were randomly divided into 20 groups, as following: Groups I-V (positive control); Groups VI-X (negative control); Groups XI-XV: (infected and treated with N-acetylcysteine animals); Groups XVI-XX: (infected and treated with Agaricus sylvaticus animals). Them, brain, lung, and blood samples were collected after 1, 3, 5, 7, or 10 days after infection for malondialdehyde (MDA), trolox equivalente antioxidant capacity (TEAC), nitrites and nitrates (NO) measurement, and parasitemia rate evaluation. Results show that parasitemia increased progressively with evolution of disease, and that was a significant decrease from 7th to 10 th day of infection in both antioxidant supplemented groups. Total antioxidant capacity was higher in supplemented animal’s groups, in that Agaricus sylvaticus treated animals presented a most pronuncied effect in lung samples, with progressive increase along with the days of infection. At the same time, pulmonary MDA levels in the Agaricus sylvaticus and NAC groups showed similar between themselves and with positive control. On the other hand, the cerebral MDA in antioxidants supplemented groups increased during infection, but not in a progressive way. Besides, in the Agaricus sylvaticus groups, MDA levels were lower than NAC, particularly in 5th day of infection. Thus, oxidative damage were most pronounced in pulmonary tissue than brain and related to lipid peroxidation. However, Agaricus sylvaticus was found to be more effective in preventing lipid peroxidation in brain and lung. In addition, pulmonary NO levels were increased in Nacetylcysteine supplemented animals in relationship to Agaricus sylvaticus from 3rd to 10th days of study, progressively increasing, and Agaricus sylvaticus supplemented animals presented similar NO levels to negative control groups. NAC also induced cerebral NO synthesis, but not in a progressive way. In addition, positive and negative control groups show similar cerebral NO levels. Probabily Agaricus sylvaticus and NAC act in two distinct mechanisms in attempt to defeat infection, and can be helpful in the adjuvant therapy of malaria.