Navegando por Assunto "Malária vivax"

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Avaliação da terapêutica da malária por Plasmodium vivax: perfil cinético da cloroquina e primaquina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) TEIXEIRA, José Ribamar Mesquita; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2739079559531098; SOUZA, José Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6459204248879587
Today search - new strategies for improving the treatment and control of malaria. The monitoring of plasma concentrations of drugs is an important tool that aims to provide more knowledge on the kinetics of several antimalarial drugs, aiming to achieve rapid therapeutic effect with reduced risk of toxicity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic response to chloroquine and primaquine for vivax malaria patients, the plasma concentrations correlate with parasitemia, epidemiological data and evaluation of liver and kidney function, aiming at the optimization of various therapeutic regimens employed, evaluating if the responses are due to ineffective treatment of Plasmodium resistance to chloroquine or the presence of sub-therapeutic concentrations of drugs. Thus, we evaluated 40 patients with vivax malaria in the Program in Clinical Trials of Malaria Institute Evandro Chagas (Belém, Pará) in the period 2008 to 2010. Hemogram and other biochemical parameters were performed. The research of plasmodia in blood smear was performed and the parasitemia averaged 7187.5 ± 6732.7 parasitos/mm3. The prevalence of males with 67.5% of cases. The locations of malaria infection ranged from 14 municipalities in the state of Pará, most of which originates in the city of Anajás. For 42.5% of patients it was the first episode of the disease and 57.5% of applicants. In the evaluation of anemia by hemoglobin, there - if the levels below reference values in 60% of patients and hematological and biochemical parameters showed that the mean values of hematocrit and red blood cells showed highly significant difference between subgroups of patients and non-anemic anemic. The determination of chloroquine and primaquine in patients on D0, D2, D7, D14 and D30 were performed. The mean values of 0, 1102.1, 546.7, 185.8 and 98.6 ng / ml for chloroquine and 0, 210.2, 345.0, 91.7 and 0 ng/ml for primaquine.
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Malária no Pará: estudo do quadro clínico e laboratorial nas infecções causadas pelo Plasmodium vivax, na atualidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002) NEVES, José Joaquim de Oliveira; SOUZA, José Maria de
Nowadays malaria is considered one of the most iInportant problem of public health the World Health Organization. Recent studies showed changes in clinical and laboratory pattern. The aim of this work was to study the clinical manifestations and laboratory pattern of malaria infection due to Plasmodium vivax. This longitudinal and prospective study was carried out in Evandro Chagas Institute, in Belem City, from November 2001 to June 2002. The methodology was: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of P. vivax parasites carries diagnosed by thick smear during all period of the treatment. Were evaluated the epidemiologycal, clinical and laboratory aspects including sex, skin color, profession, origin of infection, period of incubation and persistence of headache, chills and fever, and another symptoms during the treatment. Laboratory investigation included the parasite count and data related to blood exmnination (coagulation tests, hemoglobin rates, erythrocytes, leukocytes), aminotransferases, bilirrubin, alcaline phosphatase, urea and creatinine. Preliminary data of the present study showed changes in epidemiologycal aspects related to the kind of occupation of malaria-infected patients living in urban area. The incidence of malaria cases was higher aIllong students and housewives. This study corroborates the fonner studies related to chloroquine schizonticide action in an average time of 48/72 hours and also it showed significant thrombocytopenia that still now is not very well studied in malaria due to P. vivax. Plateletes fall do not change the blood coagulation tests. On day seven, 124 patients among 127, showed paleness, but as wek now, it has not a good correlation with anelnia occurrence.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Malária por Plasmodium vivax na infância e na adolescência - aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1997-12-16) VENTURA, Ana Maria Revorêdo da Silva; SOUZA, José Maria de
Worldwide malaria affects both children and adults, and it is known that clinical picture varies considerably in severity depending upon the immune status (particularly among children) and the infecting Plasmodium species. In the present investigation it was attempted to assess epidemiological, clinical, and laboratorial parameters of Plamodium vivax malaria during childhood and adolescence. In this study, between January, 1995 and November, 1996, it was enrolled 100 patients (both sexes), aged 0 to 14 years, who sought for medical treatment in the attendance outpacient unit of the Malaria Program of Evandro Chagas Institute, in Belem, Para State. All patients had a P. vivax-positive thick blood film. Regarding age, malaria were more frequently seen in adolescents, accounting for 37.0% of them. The fact that 34.0% of patients were identified as autochthonous cases of malaria indicates that disease is progressing in urban settings of the Amazon Region. Fever was found to be the earliest more frequent symptom in the course of illness, being recorded in 88.0% of children. At the first patients's attendance (Day 0, DO), fever, chill and headache (malarial triad) were noted in 97.0%, 91.0% and 85.0% of cases, respectively; while, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were recorded in 29.0% and 46.0% of them, respectively. Pallor was found to be significantly associated with anaemia (p< 0.05), in that 89.2% of pale children had low haemoglobin values. It is likely that anaemia has developed mainly as a result of haemolysis; although the delay in making the malaria diagnosis (an average of 12.5 days after onset of clinical symptoms) and concurrent hookworm intestinal parasitism may also have played a role in its pathogenesis. An additional finding from this study was that malnutrition seemed not to be associated with anaemia. Once treatment had iniciated, the malarial triad began to subside and asexual parasitaemia levels tended to decrease. The former parameter, however, was shown to be more evident than the latter one. Other clinical symptoms such as pallor, weakness, arthralgia, headache and dark urine lasted longer than did malarial triad, usually persisting for up to 14 days. During or soon after finishing treatment, complications were noted in 5.0% of children including: pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, impetigo, gastroenteritis and a rash of unknown etiology. A finding of practical interest is that ultrasonography was shown to be more sensitive than abdominal palpation in the detection of hepatoesplenomegaly. The start of drug therapy was followed by a progressive increase in haemoglobin levels, reticulocyte count and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) from DO (first day of treatment) to 07 (eighth day of treatment). Conversely, the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration values decreased significantly from D0 to 07, probably because iron was present in bone marrow in decreased amounts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Metemoglobinemia em pacientes com malária por Plasmodium vivax em uso oral de primaquina
(2011-02) FERREIRA, Michelli Erica Souza; GOMES, Margarete do Socorro Mendonça; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes
Primaquine can produce adverse reactions as toxicity to blood when used in the treatment of vivax malaria. This work aimed to determine methemoglobinemia in patients with vivax malaria receiving oral therapy with primaquine. Methods: Spectrophotometric quantification of methemoglobinemia and qualitative assay for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Results: Methemoglobinemia ranged from 2.85 to 5.45% in male patients and 3.77 to 7.34% in female patients. Conclusions: A statistically significant increase in methemoglobinemia was observed following oral therapy with primaquine, with no clinical manifestations, and independent of sex and the qualitative expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
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Nova proposta de tratamento para malária por Plasmodium vivax
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1997) ABDON, Nagib Ponteira; SOUZA, José Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6459204248879587
Relapses that may occur with long standard treatment of vivax malaria might be in part due to an incomplete patient compliance. Therefore, the employment of short treatment schemes leading to a better patient compliance, and the same time having efficacy, tolerance and minimal or none adverse reactions is a matter of serious concern. In order to attain this objective, between july, 1994 to june, 1995, an open, comparative, prospective and randomized study was made in the attendance outpatient unit of Malaria Program of Evandro Chagas Institute, in Belem, Para State. Just patients aged up 12 years, from both sexes, which stayed in Belem during all the period control were enrolled. All patients were from Amazon Region, being the great majority of them from Para (85.8%). Autochthonous cases from the metropolitan area of Belem represented 39.2% of the sample. In this study, 120 patients were divided into 3 groups of 40 patients according to the following therapeutic schemes : Scheme I - chloroquine phosphate tablets with 150 mg of base substance in a total dose of 25 mg / kg / day for 3 days, that is, 10 mg / kg / day in the first day, 7.5 mg / kg / day in the second and third day, plus primaquine phosphate tablets with 15 mg of base substance in a dose of 0.25 mg / kg / day for 14 days. Scheme II - chloroquine phosphate tablets with 150 mg of base substance, 10 mg / kg in a single dose plus primaquine phosphate tablets with 15 mg of base substance in a dose of 0.50 mg / kg / day for 7 days. Scheme III - chloroquine phosphate tablets with 150 mg of base substance, 10 mg / kg in a single dose plus primaquine phosphate tablets with 15 mg of base substance in a dose of 0.50 mg / kg/ day for 5 days. Drugs were administered orally, under medical supervision to all outpatients.Clinical diagnosis was based upon history, epidemiology and physical examination of patients, while the laboratory finding of the hematozoa plasmodium in a thick blood film established the definitive malaria diagnosis. All 3 therapeutic schemes were effective, with a cure rate up to 80%. In the II therapeutic scheme, relapses were not observed. The disappearance of malarial symptoms occurred until 96 hours of treatment, while the assexual parasitaemie clearance occurred until 72 hours, considering all 3 therapeutic schemes. When present, adverse reactions were observed in a short period of time. Even in the cases of primaquine in double dose, there were no toxicity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Plasmodium vivax: avaliação da resposta de anticorpos IgG em crianças expostas à malária
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1997) PINTO, Ana Yecê das Neves; SOUZA, José Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6459204248879587
An improved knowledge of human antiplasmodial defense mechanisms is partof current strategies against malaria. One of the effective defense mechanisms is the relationship between cytophilic antibodies and monocytes in order to increase the phagocytosis of infected cells. Comparative studies on immunoglobulin patterns have been carried out in immune and semi-immune populations.The present work is a further contribution to the subject and has the objectiveto study the response of IgG antibodies anti-P. vivax (IgG anti-PV), and their cytophilic (lgG1 e IgG3) and non-cytophilic (lgG2) subclasses in 34 outpatient children with malaria by P.vivax. Diagnosis of malaria was established by thick blood films. IgG levels, with their respective subclasses, were identified by indirect fluorescent antibody technique in the children enrolled in the study, during the acute phase and up to ultimate established cure. Patients were divided in 2 groups according to a previous malaria history (primarily infected, n= 28) and patients with history of previous malaria attack (n=6). The geometric means of antibodies IgG anti-PV levels were demonstrated during different periods of sera assessment. The IgG anti-PV levels obtained in the days zero and seven were compared (Student's t test). IgG anti-PV levels were correlated with assexual parasitaemia and the period of sickness, (Spearman's correlation test). A description of clinical features ocurred in both subgroups. Regarding immunoglobulin subclasses, the proportion of positive and negative sera was compared (Exact Fisher's test), in the 2 subgroups with the following results: a significative statistical difference (p=0,027) ocurred in the IgG levels between day zero (D0) and day seven (07), with no correlation with previous malaria history. A descending curve was observed in IgG levels, with mean and variable values respectively of 95,2% (40-2560) on the 60th day, 62,5% (40-320) on the 120th day, and 28% (40-160) on the 180th day after treatment. There was a positive association between the time of sickness and total antibody IgG anti-PV levels in primarily infected patients. The rank order for geometric means of IgG subclasses encountered was: IgG1(598,41) > IgG3 (4,06) > IgG2 (1,42). There were no significative differences in IgG anti-PV subclasses among primarily infected patients and those without previous malaria history. The following conclusions were made: 1) An increase of IgG anti-PV levels was seen between D0 and 07; 2) During the follow up the IgG anti-PV levels showing a gradual tendency to decline: 4,76% of the patients had negative results until 060, 37,5% until 0120, and 71,42% had negative results until 180 days after treatment; 3) There was no association between assexual parasitemia in day zero and antibody levels IgG anti-PV in the first and in the eighth day of treatment; 4) In children with previous malaria attacks the time of sickness evaluation is proporcional to antibody IgG anti-PV levels, and the reverse occurs, in the primarily infected children; 5) There was no correlation between total antibodies anti-PV levels and evidence of splenomegaly;6) Cytophilic antibodies (lgG1 > IgG3) predominated over noncytophilic antibodies (lgG2) in the study sample.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Utilização do DELI-teste para avaliação da sensibilidade in vitro do Plasmodium vivax à Cloroquina em condições de campo no município de Tucuruí, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) AMÉRICO, Ana Paula Larêdo; CARVALHO, Leonardo José Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2705233211612041; SOUZA, José Maria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6459204248879587
The State of Para is responsible for a large amount of malaria notifications in the Brazilian Amazon region. Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent specie and the evaluation of its in vitro sensitivity to chloroquine is essential to verify if this drug keeps its efficacy. However, this kind of evaluation was not feasible due to unavailability of methodologies for short-term in vitro culture and for evaluation of growth/maturation of this parasite. Recently, a method for shortterm in vitro culture of P. vivax was introduced, as well as a reliable methodology (DELI-test) for measurement of this parasite’s growth/maturation, based on the detection of the parasite enzyme Lactate Dehydrogenase (pLDH), allowing studies of sensitivity of this plasmodial specie to antimalarials. The aim of this study was then to evaluate the chemosensitivity of P. vivax to chloroquine under field conditions in the municipality of Tucurui, State of Para, Brazil. A total of 45 patients with vivax malaria were enrolled in the study, after microscopic diagnosis by thick smear, and 5mL of blood were withdrawn from each patient. An erythrocyte suspension was prepared for each patient’s blood, using a special culture medium (mixing of RPMI and Waymouth media, AB+ serum, 1.8% hematocrit), and put in short-term (48 hours) culture at 37°C and low tension of oxygen, under a range of concentrations (2,34-600ng/mL) of chloroquine. Plates were then frozen and, later, parasites were lysed by freezing-thawing, releasing the pLDH, which was measured by a sandwich-ELISA (DELI-test), using for capture the monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6C9 (anti-Plasmodium pLDH) e 11D (anti-P. vivax pLDH) and for detection the MAb19G (anti-Plasmodium pLDH). The optical density values allowed in most cases the drawing of curves of sensitivity to the drug and calculation of the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). Nearly half (53.8%) of the samples showed better curves with the MAb 11D. Out of the 44 samples, 26 (59.2%) allowed the drawing of interpretable curves of sensitivity for chloroquine. The parasite growth performance of 59% of the samples can be considered satisfactory, taking into account the known difficulty in culturing P. vivax in vitro, and the poor laboratory conditions for carrying out the cultures. Thirteen (46.2%) of the 26 interpretable samples showed an IC50 above the threshold of 100nM of chloroquine, being considered resistants. This high frequency of samples with low sensitivity to chloroquine is of concern and indicates that this kind of evaluation should be continued and extended to other localities in order to have a more clear picture of the situation. The DELI-test is currently the only able to evaluate in vitro resistance of P. vivax and its use in fild conditions can contribute for helping definitions in the malaria therapeutic strategies in Brazil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Validação de método para determinação de cloroquina e desetilcloroquina em amostras de sangue adsorvidas em papel de filtro por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detector de UV
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) NASCIMENTO, Margareth Tavares Silva; VIEIRA, José Luiz Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2739079559531098
The determination of the antimalarial blood concentrations employing by fast simple and sensitive methods represents important tool for the optimization of therapeutic regimens currently used in Brazil. In this sense, this paper describes the validation of an analytical methodology by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for the determination of chloroquine in blood samples adsorbed on filter paper, from patients with vivax malaria. It was evaluated: precision intra and inter assay, recovery, limits of detection and quantification, robustness, stability, linearity and selectivity. The results showed that the coefficients of variation of intra assay, at concentrations of 100 to 1000 ng/ml ranged from 6 to 10% for both chloroquine and desethylchloroquine. The coefficient of variation inter assay, at concentrations of 100 to 1000 ng/ml ranged from 5 to 10% and 4 to 10% for chloroquine and desethylchloroq uine, respectively. The limits of detection were 62.5 ng/mL for chloroquine and 50.0 ng/mL f or desethylchloroquine and limits of quantificatio n were 100 ng/mL for both analytes. The recovery in the concentration from 100 to 1000 ng/ml ranged from 90 to 105 % and 95% to 105 for chloroquine and desethylchloroquine, respectively. The method was linear in the range of concentration of 100 to 2000 ng/ml for chl oroquine and 100 to 800 ng/ml for desethylchloroquine. The method showed to be robust for small changes in flow, pH of the mobile phase and composition of the organic phase. It was not observed interferents in the validated procedure among those drugs used to treat malaria. The determination of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine in patients with vivax malar ia whose average values were 1266±455 ng/mL and 357±165 ng/mL, characterized the applicabilityof the validated procedure for the determination of antimalarial drugs in these patients.