Navegando por Assunto "Manaus - AM"

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Aspectos evolucionários das unidades de produção camponesas do território Manaus e entorno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-11-04) SANTOS, Jessé Rodrigues dos; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911
In this thesis, it is approached the processes of change and diversification of the peasants productive systems located in a part of the Territory of Manaus and surroundings. The objective of the research is the understanding of the processes of economic and technological change in course in these productive systems. The boarding of the subject is carried through a multi-disciplinary analytical structure to involving concept of the evolutionary economic theory, of the theory of the endogenous development, the economic anthropology and the theory of the peasant investment. The joined results disclose that the studied productive systems are diversified in relation to the territories where they occur. This diversification elapses in the way as the peasant producers adapt their productive systems modifying the labor routines that constitute them in function of the injunctions proceeding from the complex institutional environment and of the dynamics of the ecosystems. These adaptations are guided by the sociocultural characteristics inherent to the peasant families and motivated by the search of the reproductive efficiency. To the end, the data of the field research are processed through the Factorial Analysis, disclosing differentiations of trajectories of similar productive systems in distinct territories, as well as clusters that locate the peasant producers between situations of integration to the market and subsistence subsidized for social and social security benefits. These results evidence the complexity of the socioeconomia peasant and its diverse strategies of adaptive innovation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Bancos comunitários de desenvolvimento: o papel da comunicação na economia solidária
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-29) COELHO, Celina Leila Chagas de Oliveira; MORAES, Sérgio Cardoso de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4568311568729454
The present study aims to analyze the role of communication in solidarity economy and local development, especially in Community Development Banks (BCDs). The primary form of communication to be discussed as a result of the Social Capital and mobilization, because the use of mass comunication is not enough to reach the entire community in which the bank operates. For this purpose the theoretical framework focused on the solidarity economy and the environment; communication; social capital; and social mobilization. Also, it was realized visits to a two BCDs in Manaus, in the Palmas Bank (Fortaleza) and in the Banco Tupinambá (Moqueiro), where a qualitative study of mothers enrolled in the Bolsa Família, Federal Government Program which funds assistance to families living in poverty or extreme poverty, who participate in the project CECI-Mulheres, whose results showed that although the project has been carry out for a year, the participants do not clearly have the basic concepts of Solidarity Economy and BCDs – as women who belong to it are opinion formers, then their position give clues about how the community sees the bank. As part of conclusion of the work, it was realized an assessment about communication channels of Tupinambá Bank emphasizes that the outside communication is more advanced than the inside communication, therefore were made suggestions for new channels focused on mobilization and growth of social capital in Baía do Sol community.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmicas sub-regionais e expressões metropolitanas na Amazônia brasileira: olhares em perspectiva
(2014-06) VELOSO, Tiago; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da
Amongst the elements that mark the urban phenomenon in the Amazon, it is highlighted the process of metropolization of big cities. Such a process, however, is not necessarily characterized by what could reveal a possible particularity in a macro-regional level. The configuration of an economical boundary that spreads in an unequal and differential rate in the Amazon inland is also responsible for the formation of distinct sub-regions. The metropolis that have been established there are product, condition and way to this movement of differentiation that may be exemplified by the agglomerations of Belém, Manaus and São Luis which integrate the Amazon regional complex. Considering, amongst other elements, the relationships that they have with the region and the form of their institutionalization, it is aimed to show the importance and significance of these metropolitan formations as for the differentiated processes of production of space that are happening in such a region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de espécies no complexo Monodelphis brevicaudata (Didelphimorphia:Didelphidae), inferida por dados moleculares e morfológicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) PAVAN, Silvia Eliza D´Oliveira; ROSSI, Rogério Vieira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0447251112059340
Short‐tailed opossums of the Monodelphis revicaudata complex inhabit northern South America, and comprise three described species ‐ M. brevicaudata, M. glirina, and M. palliolata ‐ and two undescribed forms already recognized in prior studies. Species delimitation based solely on morphological features is difficult, and because of that many nominal taxa have been associated with this species complex, and several taxonomic arrangements have been proposed. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies using specimens of this species complex revealed substantial genetic divergence rates. The present study aims to elucidate the systematics of the M. brevicaudata species complex through the analyses of molecular and morphological characters. We performed phylogenetic analyses on two mitochondrial genes (cyt b and 16S), studied the external and cranial morphology, and investigated whether observed genetic variation is congruent with morphological differences. Our morphological results were generally concordant with the molecular results. We recognize nine species in the species complex. M. brevicaudata, M. palliolata, and M. glirina are considered valid species; M. touan is re‐established from the synonymy of M. brevicaudata and two new species are described and named; the species M. domestica proved to be closely related to specimens of the M. brevicaudata complex, and thus are considered as part of that group; we also recognized two new species without formallly naming them; M. maraxina is considered a synonym of M. glirina. Sexual dimorphism is observed in the species, and in two species males showed skulls significantly larger than females. Major rivers seem to have played an important role in generating genetic differentiation and phylogeographical structure of the species. The phylogeographical pattern suggests at least two diversification centers for the group, one in the Guiana shield, comprising species ranging north of the Amazon river, and another in the Brazilian shield, comprising M. glirina and M. domestica.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O gênero microstrates lacordaire (Curculionidae : Baridinae): sistemática, filogenia e evolução da associação com palmeiras hospedeiras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1997-03-11) ROCHA, Roberta Valente da; GORAYEB, Inocêncio de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2391620537048479
A revision and phylogenetic analysis of the genus Microstrates is presented based on new characters discovered in the course of this study, and on others previously know from the literature. Eleven species are recognized, vvhich can be identified by the key presented. Two new species are described: Microstrates almiri sp. n., Caxiuanã and Belém, Pará; and M. pinrima sp. n., Monte Alegre, Pará. Microstrates bipunctatus Hustache, 1951 is considered a synonym of M. cocois Bondar, 1941. The phylogenetic analysis of the species Microstrates resulted in a hypotesis that may be expressed parenthetically as follows; ((M. cocoscampestris (M. abbreviatus (M. rufus, M. hatschbachi))) ((M. M. piririma) (M. cocais (M. cearanus, M. ypsilon) (M. cucullus, M. bondan)))). The first records of the palm hosts of M. almin sp. n., M. pirinma sp. n. and M rufus Hustache are presented. The species M. almin sp. n. and M. pirinma sp. n., collected in Pará state, represent the first record of Microstrates in the Amazonian Region. Ali species are redescribed and their most important structures for the identification are illustrated. The collection of Weevils in differents species of palms in Pará and Amazonas states confirms the hypothesis of a exclusive association of Microstrates with palms of the genera Syagrus, Butia and Cocos, and also that each species of Syagrus and Butia host only one species of Micro strates. The cladogram mapping and optimization of host palm associations of Microstrates supports the following hypothesis: association with the genus Syagrus is plesiomorphic, with Butia is apomorphic, and with the coconut (Cocos nucifera) is explained by colonization events.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Grandes projetos urbanos, segregação social e condições da moradia em Belém e Manaus
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-06-27) CRUZ, Sandra Helena Ribeiro; SÁ, Maria Elvira Rocha de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9993934259448457; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
The central object of the research that led to this thesis was to analyze the segregation effects that cause large urban projects on the living conditions in Amazonian cities of Belém and Manaus. Adopt the projections theoretical interpret urban dynamics as a product of capital accumulation and generates social apartheid, a perspective that allow compare of urban interventions in these two cities. In each of these cities large urban projects are being implemented. For purposes of this study the experiences of the Portal Project Amazon, in Belém city, Pará state, and Environmental Sanitation Program Streams of Manaus (PROSAMIM), in Manaus city, Amazonas state, were analyzed as the experiences of large urban projects in the Amazon Region. The theoretical and methodological had the contribution of the theories produced by the French Sociological School of reflections Anglo-Saxon and Brazil, allowing the construction of critical thinking about the logic that permeates the major urban projects in cities of the Amazon Region. To this chosen operating procedure of the type-quality quantitative, in primary and secondary data the main sources of information, materialized by historical documents, official statistics, direct observation and interviews with leaders of the movement in defense of the housing and urban reform, residents of areas affected directly and indirectly by the programs under study and agents of public bodies. The main results are that in Amazonian cities the process of urbanization has been occurring since the late nineteenth century with the advent of the economy gomífera, intensifying from the military coup of 1964 when they were strengthened processes of exploitation of natural resources and population density with consequent changes in physical-territorial Belem and Manaus cities. In recent years, the two cities are following the trend of globalization of capital, by adopting the large urban projects as the main strategy of urban renewal, with technical and financial support of the Interamerican Development Bank (IDB). Finally, these results showed segregation effects determined by the implementation of major urban projects, since the actions of compulsory displacement negatively impacted the living conditions and work of significant fractions of the working classes, making the law inaccessible to the City, both in Belém and Manaus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A mão-de-obra da indústria pesqueira na Amazônia
(2006) AMARAL, Lucilene Oliveira da Silva; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; RIVERO, Sérgio Luiz de Medeiros
Fishery is a very important sector in the Amazon area. Commercial and subsistence fishing activities account for the main job opportunities in the sector, and fishing industries are the greatest income generators for the local population. The fishing industry in Amazon, however, struggles with several difficulties regarding raw-material and training. The seasonality of the species affects the production systems of the companies, which, in their turn, must shift their staff according to the commercial species. Because of this dynamics, some fishing companies use a rotation system, hiring during the harvest season and firing during the period between harvests; other companies use a working load system, keeping a steady staff and making up for the extra working hours during harvest by granting non working hours during the period between harvests. In general, due to this seasonality, fishing companies staff are low qualified and have lower hygiene standards. Uncertainty in keeping jobs, on the other hand, does not motivate employees to training. Some companies policy include keeping a steady staff. Such companies waste less raw material and their employees are better trained and are adapted to higher hygiene standards. In order to maintain a steady staff, these companies must develop a broader fishing strategy during the period between harvests.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mapeamento de aquíferos na cidade de Manaus (AM) utilizando perfilagem geofísica de poço e sondagem elétrica vertical
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-09-02) SOUZA, Lena Simone Barata; VERMA, Om Prakash; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2723609019309173
The principal source of groundwater in Manaus-AM is the Alter of Chão aquifer. This aquifer is characterized by sand, clay and sandy-clay sedimentary facies and the Manaus sandstones, deposited in the fluvial and fluvial-deltaic ambient. An estimated amount of 32.500 km3 of groundwater can be exploited from this aquifer through wells of about 220 m deep, producing water at a maximum rate of 300 m3/h. However, there are big distortions in the production rates. In some boreholes they are as low as 78 m3/h because of wrong filter locations due to the lack of information about the aquifer position in depth. The permo-porous zones forming the aquifers were mapped in the northern and eastern part of the town of Manaus, employing in integration of the information available from the well-log geophysical data, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data the litology obtained through the examination of the borehole cuttings. This work resulted in the identification of two distinct geohidrological zones in depth. The first, up to the depth of 50 m, is marked by clay, sand and sandy-clay zones of varied dimensions. However, they are not recommended for great demand of water because of the limited lateral extension of the sand zones and for being susceptible to superficial contaminations. The second zone extents below 50 m to about 290 m in depth, and is very appropriate for the storage of large amount of groundwater because it contains thick sand zones of great lateral extensions. The production rate of the wells in this aquifer is around 300 m3/h. Therefore, it is recommended for the supply of good quality groundwater to meet higher demands such as for a district in a town. An analysis of the transverse resistance and longitudinal conductance maps of the upper zone up to 50 m, leads to that NE and SW sectors of the area contend more permeable zones, contend less clayey layers, therefore, of higher transmissibility zones of the aquifer system. However, for wells deeper than 50 m, recommend NNW e SW region for their locations based on the results obtained through Geophysical Well Logging that delineates the permo-pourous layers forming a good aquifer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Pólo industrial de Manaus como modelo de desenvolvimento econômico avaliado sob o enfoque da Lei de Kaldor-Verdoorn
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-03-23) SILVA, Renilson Rodrigues da; COSTA, Francisco de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1820238947667908
This study aims to analyze and measure the dynamic economy of Manaus Industrial Pole as a development model under the conditions advocated by Kaldor-Verdoorn Law, which has as one of the focus to analyze the relation between production and productivity, under the conditions advocated by Kaldor-Verdoorn Law applied to industries of Manaus Industrial Pole. The Kaldor-Verdoorn Law proposes that theres a trend to productivity growth as long as production grows. Economies of scale are generated in an endogen way by technical change and technological learning (learning by doing), which is a resulted of the demand growth that allows the exploitation of the dynamics economies of present scale mainly, in the manufacturing sector. Based on this statement, total productivity of factors and the partial productivity are estimated. The dynamic of this economy is analyzed through empirically related to the Industries production and performance from January of 1995 to December of 2004 through an Error Correction Model, Granger Causality Test and Structural VAR Model. The Results indicates a reasonable degree of dynamism in this economy, because of the effect combination of short and long term made possible the productivity growth in an accelerated rhythm with quick answers in a short term of productivity under changing shocks in production and employment total values. Shows also the existence of endogenous sources of growth productivity, showing in evidence the crescent scale economies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Prazer-sofrimento e saúde no trabalho com automação: estudo com operadores em empresas japonesas no Pólo Industrial de Manaus
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-03-31) MORAES, Rosângela Dutra de; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
The current configuration of the workplace is characterized by the complexity and intensification of worker health risks. This present thesis addresses labor and health with Dejours’ psychodynamics as a reference point, focusing on the category of pleasure and suffering within the labor-with-automation context at the Manaus Industrial Complex (PIM). Seeking to situate macroeconomic aspects, this study presents the socioeconomic conditions of operators and the context of productive restructuring at PIM, predominantly characterized by increasing automation. The purpose of this study was to analyze labor organization with automation and its results on health of automated machinery operators, focusing on pleasuresuffering and its impacts on the health-illness process. In accordance with Dejours’ theoreticalmethodological groundwork, we chose to use a qualitative approach. The empirical research was conducted in the automation area of two large Japanese companies in the electronicselectric goods segment of the PIM. Twenty-one machine operators participated as subjects (ten from one company and eleven from the other). The main source of data was conversations with the subjects, who responded to a semi-structured interview. A linking between the Grounded Theory with psychodynamics was used for analysis, as a qualitative technique suited to individual interviews. The concern over “quality” stood out as a core category, proving to be present in all spheres of labor organization and modulating the experience of pleasuresuffering: one of the main sources of pleasure, often mentioned, consists in performing their tasks without errors. On the other hand, the fear of errors is one of the main sources of suffering, a permanent source of tension, aggravating the risk of illness. Pleasure also comes from identifying with the task of operating high-technology machinery without committing errors. Learning more and mastering “cutting-edge technology” is a source of subjective mobilization. Suffering results from underpaid work overload, under intense pressure to produce “quality”. Workers construct collective defense strategies to support suffering: they make jokes at colleagues who make mistakes, interpreted as a resource to reduce suffering coming from fear of failure. They also use a wide variety of individual defense strategies, a reflection of individualism within this productive context. Acknowledgement, considered an ideal manner to achieve resignification of suffering, is infrequently used: less than half of the operators consider themselves duly recognized for their work; they mention the low wages as proof of the lack of acknowledgement. Symbolic acknowledgement is also lacking in one of the companies, thereby worsening suffering. The predominance of suffering over pleasure in the workplace leads to an imbalance that results in the exaggerated use of defenses: these are manifest as workplace social pathologies, among them overload pathology, related to excess work imposed on operators, since the purchase of the machines corresponds to a reduction in the workforce. Workplace suffering at PIM is far from being eliminated. In fact, it is intensifying with automation, within the context of the everworking of labor, as part of the flexible organization of capital.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Prevalência da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B em duas comunidades ribeirinhas de afluentes do Tocantins
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003) GADELHA, Maria Apolônia da Costa; REZENDE, Manoel Barbosa de
The infection by the hepatitis B virus reaches 5% of the world population, with areas of low, intermediate, and high endemism according to the variation in prevalence rates. The study aims to evaluate the prevalence of infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in two tributaries of the river communities of Tocantins, in order to assist with control of viral hepatitis for the Amazon region. We evaluated 58 patients living in the city of Igarapé-Miri (Panacuera and Pindobal Grande). The survey of serological markers for HBV (HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc), revealed the absence of HBsAg in both communities, while anti-HBc was positive in 3.84% of patients and in 12 Panacuera 5% at Pindobal Grande. The anti-HBs was positive in 3.4% and 6.25% Panacauera in Pindobal Grande. Given these results, we found that the prevalence rates of HBV infection in both communities were low compared to those found in other areas of the Amazon. However, these markers should be considered during the selection of donors within the community because of the risk of post-transfusion hepatitis. Prevention through vaccination should be done because individuals in these communities because they have risk factors, are predisposed to infection and may progress to cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Refinamento da representação de raízes no modelo de biosfera SiB2 em área de floresta na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) OLIVEIRA, Livia da Silva; CÂNDIDO, Luiz Antonio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7705103746743754; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
The objective of this research was to study the sensitivity of the surface flows and soil hydrology in relation to the representation and distribution of roots in the biosfera model for upland forest in the “Amazônia”. The purpose was to evaluate the impact on the representativeness of the energy surface flows, considering the Amazon region seasonality supported by intensive measures carried through in a biological reserve (Biological Reserve in “Cuieiras” River, near Manaus). Eight simulations were conducted with the model of biosphere SiB2 (Simple Biosphere Model - version 2), where each simulation scenario represented a different scenery of roots distribution in a 4.0 m depth, divided in three layers: 0.5 m , 1.5 m and 2.0 m. The roots were distributed favoring the root’s concentration in the surface layer, after that, the intermediate layer and, finally, a concentration of roots below 2.0 m deep. The simulations were conducted for the period of 2003 to 2006, emphasizing the year of 2005 to evaluate the effect of the roots representation in the energy flows (latent heat - LE and sensitive heat - H) and carbon dioxide flow (F_CO2). From the integrated analysis of simulated flows with observational data, measured in the experimental site, was possible to perceive that a reduction in the rainfall for the year of 2005, although to have been lesser in the central part of the Amazon, led the decline in soil moisture, showing that the forest passed for a considerable period of water stress. The model represented the available energy with values very close to those observed, varying seasonally in agreement with the data measured in 2005. However, LE is overestimated during the rainy season, but it shows together with the CO2 flow, the reduction with soil moisture in the dry season period, while H is overestimated by 20 W.m-2 during all the simulated period. These results show that, apparently, the consideration of surface roots are more appropriate for regions with short dry season, as characterized the study area, and deep roots should promote the modeling of the processes of the surface areas with more pronounced dry season. With the results showing that it has necessity to get more information of soil physical properties, appropriate to the region conditions, so that other refinements are effective in distinguishing the behavior of tropical forests under different regimes of water availability in the soil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Relações internacionais em cidades amazônicas: atuação e inserção internacional de Belém e Manaus (1997-2012)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-12) ROCHA, William Monteiro; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
Along the last decades, the study of the International Relations has diversified its analysis, leaving behind an approach focused on the National States, and starting to analyze mindfully the dynamic and rise of the new global actors on international scenery. These new global actors are taken as sub national entities, including the cities and the local governments, begetting, thus, a new analysis focus, mainly, on the international cooperation context. This Master’s thesis analyzes why and how the insertion and the international acting of both Amazonian cities, Belem and Manaus, occur; considering as scenery, a globalized and interdependent world. In this new scenery’s set, which is propitious to the international relations, the international cooperation becomes a latent instrument to not only countries’ development, but also to cities’ development, through the Decentralized Cooperation: politiceconomic phenomenon relatively recent and that increasingly has entered on the local developments’ agendas. The cities embrace, more and more, the international relations and the decentralized cooperation strategies as a driving and parallel development agenda, whether on the external resources capitation, on the local identity strengthening or even, on both foreign trade promotion and cultural dissemination. Belem and Manaus, lócus of this research, have presented along the years several motivations and ways of make their international relations effective, and, in order to analyze them, a fundamentally qualitative analysis was adopted, tracing an analytical-descriptive framework between the investigated cities. This work analyzes the actions, strategies, mechanisms and institutionalized and noninstitutionalized ways of international activities management in those cities. The current global scenery is encourager of multilevel interactions between ‘old’ and ‘new’ international actors, however the international relations habitus stimulates, more and more, the continuity and the commitment which the governments (national or local) must have to correspond and follow the dynamics that are imposed by globalization, although, not all the governments follow, possess or dedicate appropriated structures to the yearnings which are demanded by the new and interdependent international scenery.