Navegando por Assunto "Mass transference"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de um modelo via MEF para análise da dispersão de poluentes em rios, lagos e estuários
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-03) LIMA, Rômulo Correa; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
Freshwater of good quality is a pre-requisite for social and economic development of a given region. Paradoxically, this same development is normally responsible for the pollution of their water sources, through domestic or industrial waste dumping without treatment, or through agricultural activities. In this way, the monitoring and the management of that sources are extremely important for the wellbeing of the people living in that region. Among the possible tools to auxiliary this management is the computational simulation of pollutant transport in the hydro medium. In this context, this work presents a computational procedure for the solution of the 2D advectiondiffusion- reaction equation, which is the basis for all the mass transport models. This process consists in the union of the finite elements and finite difference methods in the discretization of the spatial and temporal components, respectively. This methodology was evaluated with the help of tests with synthetic and real data. First one considered the case of mass transport by pure advection to ensure its stability in cases where the classical formulations fail. Second test simulated the transport of a hypothetical pollutant in a piece of a river and showed the correct effect of the drag due to advection and spreading due to diffusion. The last test evaluated the transport of total phosphorus in Agua Preta Lake from the pumped water of the Guama river and point sources located at the margins of the reservoir. The result of the simulation showed the potential of the algorithm to deal with cases closer to the reality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de unidade piloto de transferência de massa gás/líquido: redução da reatividade do resíduo da indústria de alumina através da reação com gases de combustão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-02) VENANCIO, Luis Carlos Alves; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968; MACÊDO, Emanuel Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8718370108324505
The bauxite refining using the Bayer process produces 0.7 to 2.0 tons of the residue known as red mud and about 1.0 ton of CO2 for each ton of alumina produced. The bauxite residue, although not particularly toxic, poses risks to the environment due to its large volume and reactivity. According to the latest technology, part of the moisture is removed and it is stacked on sealed areas specially constructed. More than 95% of the bauxite residue that has been produced (2.6 Bt until 2007) was discarded, especially in ponds on land. This thesis shows the design, construction and operation of a pilot scale gas liquid mass transfer unity with the objective of testing the reduction of the reactivity of the bauxite residue through a reaction with flue gas. As an additional gain, there is a reduction of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions. This unity, with three reactors, was designed in order to consume minimal power, process the effluent as efficiently as possible and minimize the investment cost. Twenty-five experiments were realized with duration from 80 to 520 minutes each. The gases were analyzed at the entry and exit with electrochemical cells and non-dispersive infrared sensors. The pH was monitored during and after the reaction in order to evaluate the short and long-term results as well as the stability of the reactions. It was demonstrated the viability of reacting the bauxite residue with the flue gas from the refinery without previous processing with the stabilization pH reaching 10.5.