Navegando por Assunto "Mastofauna"

Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Considerações sobre a anatomia funcional e adptativa de alguns sigmodontinae (Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-10-29) MELO, Cláudia Cristina de Sousa de Melo; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
Among the mammals, the little rodents makes up a singular group. These animals have been in full evolutive process due to their capacity of reproducing and adapting to different habitats. Philogeneticly, the group still hasn't a sure characteristic and is very similar morphologically to rodents Sigmodontinae from Serra dos Carajás. Through this study of external features and some banes from post-cranium related to motions habit, we beheld: 1) The choice of the habitat in Serra dos Carajás area among the rodents seems not to be related to a phylogenetic standard; 2) It wasn't possible to set a relationship between ecological features and main morphological shape from post-cranium related to body-shape among Sigmodontinae; 3) the morphology of úmero and femur have a strong Phylogenetic sign which is another feature of subfamily Sigmodontinae; 4) the signs intermembal, crural e branquial weren't effective to identify the many way of motions among the rodents Sigmodontinae.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A diversidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte e o potencial desta fauna na regeneração de clareiras artificiais na região do Rio Urucu, Coari, Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) SANTOS, Fernanda da Silva; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581
The region of Urucu River, in western Brazilian Amazon, is a priority area for conservation due to its species richness and biogeographical importance. In this region activities of oil and natural gas extraction are developed, which results gaps opening in the continuous forest. The objective of this study was to 1) estimate the species richness, composition and abundance of the medium and large-sized mammals community by linear transect, indirect evidences and camera traps; and to 2) record the presence of the mammals species on the gap through camera traps and direct observations, verifying its participation on the gap regeneration process. Additionally, camera traps were also installed in forest to work as control-areas. A total of 40 mammal species were recorded, 25 by linear transect, 16 by indirect evidences, and 15 by camera traps. The species Lagothrix cana was the most abundant by using linear transect, while T. terrestris was the most abundant by using camera traps and indirect evidences. Camera traps sampled seven species in gaps and 14 in forest. The most frequent species sampled in gaps are herbivore-frugivorous. The direct observation in gaps totalized 144 hours, where three species were registered. In gaps, the specie Dasyprocta fuliginosa frequently exhibited behavioral categories “walking” and “stopped”, while the species Tapirus. terrestris and Saguinus pileatus spent more time feeding. Data obtained by monitoring gaps let us to suggest that mammals can play an important role on the regeneration of these areas through the processes of herbivory and dispersal of fruits and seeds.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de mamíferos e uso da fauna nas Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá e Amanã - Amazonas - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) AMARAL, João Valsecchi do; SILVA JÚNIOR, José de Sousa e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4998536658557008
The northern part of western Amazon in Brazil has had few studies related to the diversity of mammals, especially in the Içá-Japurá and Japurá-Negro rivers interfluves. This fauna, as well as birds and reptiles, has been constantly impacted by human led activities, like hunting. This study had two main objectives, to initiate a systematic survey of the diversity of mastofauna in different habitats of Mamirauá and Amanã Sustainable Development Reserves, and to investigate its patterns of use by local human population. An updated species list was created to cover the Iça-Japurá and Japurá-Negro rivers interfluves, as well as to each sample area. An analysis of hunting practices was made to determine íts impacts on the local fauna of mammals, bírds and reptiles and to generate subsidies to the elaboration of management plans for these protected arcas. To carry out this analysis, huntíng expeditions were monítored in six villages in Mamirauá Reserve and four in Amanã, during a period of two years. Two major field expeditions were made in both areas and the survey produced represents the first systematic investígation about the diversity of mammals in Amanã, which considered every order present in the region. In addition to that, the list of mastofauna produced for Mamirauá through this study added 25% more species than previous lists. It was identified 57 mammal species in Amanã and 40 in Mamirauá. Furtherrnore, the results already obtained have elucidated prior queries about a few mammal species present in these Reserves. Mammal diversity was central to the hunting patterns found during the study period. In Amanã typical Amazonian hunting patterns were encountered, that is, herbivore mammals and large and medium sized bírds were mostly hunted and represented the highest percentage of prey weight. The main huntíng pattern found in Mamirauá was the use of Chelonia, Prímates and Aves (medium and large sized). Finally, considerations were made about the establíshment of strategies toward the management of the cynergetic fauna in the areas under study, in order to contribute to a future sustainable model of wildlife use, one that takes in consideration biological, economical and cultural aspects in the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da comunidade de pequenos mamíferos não-voadores, sob efeito do fogo e da borda, em área de floresta de transição Amazônia-Cerrado, Querência, MT
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-10-10) SANTOS, Paulo Guilherme Pinheiro dos; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581
The deforestation of the Amazon, caused by farming and agribusiness activities in the northern state of Mato Grosso, has committed Transition Forests Amazon-Savanna, before the biodiversity of these areas is known by researchers. The fauna of small non-flying mammals is part of the little-known groups in the region, and may be suffering impacts of human activities, primarily effect of fire, used for cleaning of pastures and deforestation for the soybean plantations. This study characterized the diversity of small mammals not flying in an area of Amazon forest-savannah transition in the northern state of Mato Grosso and investigated the effect of fire and the effect of edge on this group of fauna. Two areas of 150 hectares were sampled, a preserved and another under impact of fire, with 183 traps of the type live-trap for three years in two season (dry and rainy seasons). The method used was the capture-mark-recapture. The sampling effort was 23,424-traps night. 390 individuals were captured with a successfully capture of 1.66%. A total of 11 species were caught, 6 rodents and 5 marsupials. Hylaeamys megacephalus was the most abundant species. The diversity of small mammals in the study area was more related to the Savanna than Amazon. In relation to fire, the species richness was not statistically different, but the abundance was significantly higher in transects located in an area without fire. Two distinct groups of transects were characteristic depending on the presence or absence of fire based on the composition of small mammals. The abundance of Hylaeamys megacephalus was significantly higher in transects that suffered no impact from fire. Regarding the effect of edge in Area 2, despite the richness of species was not significantly different, the abundance was significantly higher regarding distance from the border. Already in Area 1, nor richness nor abundance was statistically different regarding distance from the edge. This fact could be masked by both the direct and indirect effect of experimental fire on small mammals. When considered together fire and distance from the border, the relationship between them became clearer, since all transects sampled under effect of the fire had minor abundances. The population size of Hylaemys megacephalus was calculated over five seasons (dry and wet) in the area without influence of fire, and the rainy season of 2006 was statistically different peak and the other that growth can be explained by the “Alle effect”. There was no statistically significant differences in the structure of the community of small non-flying mammals between the dry and rainy seasons. This work contributed to the search of mammal knowledge at this region threatened by human pressures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mamíferos de médio e grande porte do Parque Nacional das nascentes do Rio Parnaíba, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-04-08) LIMA, Marcela Guimarães Moreira; SILVA JÚNIOR, José de Sousa e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4998536658557008
The Nascentes do Rio Parnaiba National Park is located at the convergence of the states of Piauí, Maranhão, Tocantins and Bahia. In order to evaluate the composition, richness, relative abundance, activity pattern of medium and largesized mammals of the Park, as well as the use of phytophysiognomies present at the study site by these species, an inventory was made using camera-trap, semi-structured interview and complementary sampling methods. It was registered a total of 37 species of mammals of medium and large size, distributed in 14 families and seven orders, 20 of which recorded by cameratraps, 16 by sightings and traces (footprints, feces and carcasses), and all through interviews with residents of the region. The estimator of the nonparametric richness Jackknife1 estimated 22 species for the Park (D.P. ± 1,41). Regarding phytophisiognomy, only gallery forest and cerrado sensu stricto showed a significant difference about the richness and relative abundance. Among the species recorded in the Park, the foxes Cerdocyon thous and Lycalopex vetulus were the most abundant, respectively. Concerning the use of habitat, only Cerdocyon thous and Mazama gouazoubira showed significant differences between the phytophisiognomy, the first being from general habit and recorded specially in areas of cerrado sensu stricto, and the second most frequent in areas of more dense vegetation (cerradão). With respect to the composition of species, the cluster analysis indicated the areas of cerrado sensu stricto and cerradão with close similarity, which is probably due to the closer floristic similarity between these environments. The analysis of regional composition showed that the Park presents greater similarity in species composition with the UCs located in the southern of Piauí state (E.E. of Uruçuí- Una and PARNA of Serra das Confusões) than with other areas of Cerrado.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Padrões na estruturação de comunidades de mamíferos terrestres na América do Sul
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2001-12-19) DINIZ, Felipe Monteiro; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
In the analysis of the causes that lead to the convergence of patterns in the structure of terrestrial mammalian faunas in South America, there have always been a challenge to obtain an exact portrayal of observable evolutionary processes in larger scales. In this paper, we aimed at the analysis of the distributional patterns for South American terrestrial mastofauna, trying to correlate the different communities with distinct graphs through the use of a refined coenogram method. It takes into account ecological variables that influence the distribution and size of species (feeding, locomotion, and weight), and examines the possibilities of application of this methodology in the analysis of extinct South American terrestrial mammalian faunas. The results show some consistency in using such methodology for extant assemblages, and also a good possibility of its application for extinct ones. However, some considerations should be made on gaps in the knowledge over distributional patterns of current mammalian faunas, such as the evolutionary and ecological relationship between mammals and the South American continent.