Navegando por Assunto "Medicamentos"

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Assistência farmacêutica nos municípios da região de saúde do Xingu do estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-29) SILVA, Kleber Farias da; QUEIROZ, Luana Melo Diogo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9775224837043003; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-5639; SOLER, Orenzio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4041958877867484; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2246-0019
Introduction: The institutionalization of pharmaceutical assistance is a social and politicaladministrative process, which is expressed in the creation and implementation of formal structures in the health system, in the organization of services, in structure and financing mechanisms, management tools, involvement in participation and social control and carrying out practices and activities inherent to pharmaceutical care as a component of comprehensive health care. Objective: Implement a Technical Chamber of Pharmaceutical Assistance in the context of the Transamazônica and Xingu Regional Intermanagement Council in the state of Pará. Methodology: This is an exploratory, retrospective, descriptive, analytical research; based on action research, triangulation of methods and knowledge translation. Results: The municipalities in the Xingu Health Region (10th Health Region in the state of Pará) still do not fully comply with the regulatory frameworks and guidelines that establish the institutionalization of Pharmaceutical Assistance. Approval of the creation of the Technical Commission for Pharmaceutical Assistance via the Regional Intermanager Council. Conclusion: The findings indicate the need to reorient the structure, organization, governance, planning and management of pharmaceutical care in the context of the Xingu Health Region (10th Health Region in the state of Pará). A Conceptual Model of Technical Chamber of Pharmaceutical Assistance is presented in the context of the Transamazônica and Xingu Regional Intermanagement Council of the state of Pará, with their respective indicators for monitoring and evaluation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da atividade esquistossomicida do lapachol e análogos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-06-29) COSTA, Erica Vanessa Souza; ENK, Martin Johannes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1169309283832476; DOLABELA, Maria Fâni; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0458080121943649
Mansonic chistosomiasis is a worldwide parasitic disease caused by Schistosomamansoni and its treatment performed with praziquantelhas some adverse reactions. The search for new drugs to treatment of this disease is important and medicinal plants can contribute with promising new molecules, such as lapachol. The present study evaluated the schistosomicidal activity of lapachol and analogues. Lapachol was isolated from Handroanthusserratifolius by silica gel chromatography column using dichloromethane as mobile phase. This substance was treated with sulfuric acid, followed by distilled water and dichloromethaneto obtain β-lapachone. To obtain α-lapachone, lapachol was solubilized and glacial acetic acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid were added. In order to evaluate schistosomicidal activity in vitro, an experiment was carried out on adult worms of S. mansoni, and morphology, motility and mortality in optic microscopy were evaluated. The active substance was submitted to the lipid peroxidation test, Malondialdehyde Dosage (MDA) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC). In addition, the active substance was submitted to cell viability assay (MTT), using the gastric epithelial (MNP01) and gastric adenocarcinoma (ACP02)strains. The active sample was evaluatedin vivo in infected mice, where wormsmortality, oviposition decrease and damage caused by parasites in animals were evaluated. Also, a histological study of kidney and liver of infected mouse treated with β-lapachone was performed. Lapachol (yield = 2.9%) and α-lapachone (yield = 60%) were not promise as schistosomicide, with their inhibitory concentrations being 50% higher than 500μg/mL in adult worms, whereas β-lapachone(yield = 65%) was very promising against adult worms (IC50 <31.25mg/mL). Analyzes in optical microscopy showed that β-lapachone treated worms presented tremor back, curled body, and lack of movement, these alterations may be related to lipid peroxidation in parasite membrane. This compound has a low antioxidant capacity, low cytotoxicity for the MNP01 and ACP02 strains, and the selectivity index is higher than 10. In vivo study showed that β-lapachone did not reduce the number of eggs in the faeces, so it did not inhibit ovoposition, and there were not alterations in the recoveredwormsnumber, and microscopic analysis showed they had motility and their membrane was integrated. Histological studies showed there were no renal and hepatic changes. In synthesis, β- lapachoneis promising as an in vitroschistosomicide and this activity may be related to lipid peroxidation in parasite membrane. However, in vitro study did not observe this activity, pharmacokinetic factors may be influencing results divergence.
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Avaliação da utilização e segurança de medicamentos em pacientes idosos internados em um hospital universitário
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-12-23) CUENTRO, Vanessa da Silva; SILVA, Marcos Valério Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0379783635000306; ANDRADE, Marcieni Ataíde de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8514584872100128
The increase in the elderly population contributes to the higher prevalence of numerous and varied pathologies, whose pharmacological treatments generally include features that lead to the practice of polypharmacy, a factor that has a major impact on the safety of elderly patients, given that polypharmacy is largely responsible for the adverse drug reactions and drug interactions. The objective was to evaluate the safety and use of prescription medications in elderly patients aged 60 years and admitted to the University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará. This is a cross-sectional, observational study of descriptive character and exploratory data collection to analysis of medical records was performed, the data were processed using the SPSS 20.0 statistical program. The results showed that the mean age was 71.9 years, 52.7 % women, elderly women showed older than male patients. The hospitalization obtained an average of 21.7 days, average of diagnoses per patient was 2.6. The principal diagnosis of hospitalization was cardiovascular diseases (20.3%). The average number of drugs prescribed per admission was 6.8. The most commonly used drugs were part of the digestive and metabolic system (32.4%), the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing of medications evaluated during hospitalization was 11.2 %, higher among women (58.8%), the potentially inappropriate medication prescriptions was more often in Butylscopolamine (25.2%). In regard to potential drug interactions, were identified in 65.5% of prescriptions, with an average of 8.6 per patient, medication interactions are involved in most of the cardiovascular system (38.6%), most of the interactions potential drug had moderate severity (75.3 %), potential pharmacokinetic interactions of action accounted for 65.4% of prescriptions and hypotension and hyperkalemia together accounted for 30.7% of the RAM , the management strategy was the most frequent monitoring signs and symptoms (65.7%) and with respect to monitoring the blood pressure amounted to 21.8%. In this study, the factors related to polypharmacy were length of hospital stay, number of diagnoses, drug interaction and the amount of inappropriate medications and were seen as a determinant in the occurrence of polypharmacy clinical variables: "number of diagnoses "and" length of stay ". Given these results, there is a need to adopt strategies for the optimization of pharmacotherapy provided to the elderly patient.
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Efeito protetor de antioxidantes na formação de metemoglobina induzida pelo metabólito dapsona-hidroxilamina in vitro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-07-11) VARELA, Everton Luiz Pompeu; MONTEIRO, Marta Chagas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6710783324317390
Dapsone used in leprosy therapy its metabolite dapsone-hydroxylamine are potent pro-oxidant agents that cause acquired methemoglobinemia. For the treatment of this disease is used as antidote the Methylene Blue, however in high doses this antidote becomes pro-oxidant. In this sense, antioxidant substances may be potential alternatives to methylene blue for the treatment of methemoglobinemia. In this study we investigated the effect of antioxidants Ebselen, N-acetylcysteine, R-lipoic acid and L-lipoic acid on oxidative damage induced by dapsone-hydroxylamine in human erythrocytes, in vitro. Our results demonstrated that pre-treatment with antioxidants Ebselen, N-acetylcysteine, R-lipoic acid and S-lipoic acid prevented the formation of methemoglobin, reduction of glutathione and lipid peroxidation induced by the metabolite dapsone-hydroxylamine in human erythrocytes, In vitro. These substances were able to increase the antioxidant capacity of the erythrocyte associated with increased concentration of glutathione. Thus, antioxidants acted to reduce the oxidation of hemoglobin and / or directly or indirectly impeded the action of the metabolite dapsone-hydroxylamine. Our results indicate that the antioxidants tested can protect erythrocytes against oxidative damage under experimental conditions, suggesting that antioxidants may serve as the most effective and safe antidote in the treatment of methemoglobinemia.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos do tratamento subcrônico com fluoxetina sobre os comportamentos e parâmetros oxidativos de ratos submetidos ao exercício físico exaustivo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-08-25) LEAL, Jerusa de Carvalho; MAIA, Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4835820645258101; MONTEIRO, Marta Chagas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6710783324317390
Fluoxetine is an antidepressant drug of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class, its use may be a therapeutic alternative in reversing or reducing the changes caused by low serotonergic activity. The increase in serotonergic levels can also be induced by regular physical exercise, in that sense, the health benefits and the prevention of diseases that this type of exercise are promoted are already well reported. However, when exercise is practiced exhaustively it may induce increased oxidative stress and changes in emotional behavior in humans and experimental animals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of subchronic treatment with fluoxetine on the behavior and oxidative parameters in rats submitted to exhaustive physical exercise in forced swimming. Therefore, adult male rats of Wistar strain were divided into sedentary animals and exposed to exhaustive exercise subcronically that were treated with fluoxetine 10 mg / kg / day (NaCl 0.9%) and saline either via i.p. for 7 days. After 30 minutes of intoxication the animals were individually exposed to exhaustive physical exercise for 20 minutes. On the eighth day of the experiment, the open field test (TCA) and the high cross labyrinth (LCE) were performed to evaluate spontaneous locomotion and anxiety - like behavior, respectively. The animals were then authanized and blood, liver and brain were collected for determination of GSH, TEAC, NO, and MDA levels. The results obtained, the animals treated with fluoxetine associated to exhaustive physical exercise showed reduction in the locomotion caused by the emotional stress in the ACT and reduction in the behavior similar to the anxiety in the LCE. Regarding the parameters of oxidative stress, fluoxetine associated with the practice of exhaustive physical exercise, in general, induced oxidative stress in the organism, mainly in the blood and liver of these animals, with reduction of the levels of GSH and TEAC and increase of levels of NO and MDA. On the other hand, in the brain, treatment with fluoxetine showed protective effect on oxidative stress, with reduction in NO and MDA levels and increase in antioxidant factors. On the data, it is concluded that fluoxetine associated with exhaustive exercise has dual effect of activity in relation to neurobehavioral and oxidative balance, reducing movement and increasing the anxiolytic effect, demonstrating antioxidant or pro-oxidant depending on the tissue or organ evaluated.
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Elaboração de manual para medicamentos orais administrados via sonda em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) neonatal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-01) AZEVEDO, Lucília Lima; COSTA, Russany Silva da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0435018266499256; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2705-1591
Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) accommodate several health professionals, working together to ensure comprehensive care for patients. Since the 1990s, the pharmaceutical professional has been proposed as one of the fundamental members of the multidisciplinary team caring for critically ill patients. The challenge of safe and appropriate drug use in the neonatal period is daunting and is made more complicated by the notorious lack of evidence based data to guide decision-making. The present work aimed to develop a manual for the use of oral medications prescribed for administration via tube to hospitalized patients, to support the development of a guidance instrument for the multidisciplinary team. This is a documentary study of a descriptive, analytical and retrospective nature with a quantitative approach, where data were analyzed from medical prescriptions from the NICU in the period from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021, excluding newborns with length of stay of less than 24 hours and/or who did not have a prescription for medication to be administered via a tube and nursing report forms. During the study, 633 newborns were admitted to the NICU, of which 23.5% were excluded due to a length of stay of less than 24 hours, 18.4% due to lack of information in the medical record and 34.1% because they did not have a medication prescription via tube. In this sense, the study population consisted of 151 newborns, of which 53.6% were male and 46.4% were female, the majority of which were born through surgical delivery (59.6%). This population weighed between 750g and 4,515g, with the statistically significant majority being underweight (59.6%), followed by those with very low weight (23.8%). The average stay in the ICU was 12.6 days, with a minimum of 2 days and a maximum of 40 days. Furthermore, the most prevalent diagnosis was prematurity, which reached 72.2%, with 47.7% of isolated prematurity and 24.5% of prematurity plus Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), with the proportion of prematurity being statistically significant in in relation to other diagnoses. Almost 50% of newborns were prescribed three or more medications, where it was found that the most prescribed medications were antiphysetics and antiemetics (Simethicone/Domperidone: 42.2 and Bromopride: 24.6%), the most frequent pharmaceutical form was liquid (90.7%), and can be administered through a tube (98.0%), without interacting with medication (98.0%) or with diet (parenteral nutrition) (89.4%). In nursing reports, 79.2% stated that they had prepared/administered a medication prescribed for administration via tube and 73% of professionals stated that they had doubts regarding the preparation and administration of medications. The most frequent question was about administration (10 out of 14-71.4%). There were also doubts regarding dilution and incompatibility of the medicine (35.7% both), as well as preparation, crushing and closing time (21.4% each). Therefore, the need to develop a Manual that will contribute as a tool for good practices in the administration of medications via tube stands out, as a tool aimed mainly at the nursing professional, an active participant in this process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Institucionalização da assistência farmacêutica no município de Benevides, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-25) TORRES, Andréa Sarmento Figueiredo; SOLER, Orenzio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4041958877867484; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2246-0019
Introduction: Pharmaceutical Assistance deals with a set of actions aimed at promoting, protecting, and recovering health; both individual and collective, with medicine as an essential input and aiming at access and rational use. Objective: To establish a theoretical model of governance, management by results and situational strategic planning for Pharmaceutical Assistance in the municipality of Benevides, Standard Operating Procedure of the Pharmaceutical Supply Center and Manual of Pharmaceutical Assistance in the Municipality of Benevides. Method: It is an exploratory, crosssectional, and descriptive study, carried out between 2021 and 2022, based on action research and method triangulation. Data were collected through research in the database and the application of structured forms. Results: It was observed that pharmaceutical assistance is included within the main planning and management instruments of the Unified Health System. There is no inventory control management system via the Horus system. Does not fully comply with management, management and governance practices at the level of Pharmaceutical Assistance Coordination, in particular in the field of technical management of pharmaceutical assistance and clinical management of medication. Conclusion: Pharmaceutical Assistance is institutionalized in the municipality of Benevides, Pará, needing to improve the governance and management process, where there are still gaps in aspects related to the technicalmanagerial and technicalassistance fields. Keywords: Governance. Health Management. Health Information. Pharmaceutical Assistance. Medicines.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Segurança no uso de medicamentos: ações de melhoria em um hospital em Belém, Pará, Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-29) OLIVEIRA, Thais Castro; SANTOS, Valéria Regina Cavalcante dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0213999310674716; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1264-8125
Introduction: Health services, especially hospital institutions, are complex systems that involve several risks, which can be exemplified by drug therapy. Investigation and knowledge of the factors that determine the occurrence of medication errors allow for actions that strengthen safety in the medication chain and the patient. Objective: Implement actions to improve safety, prescription, administration and quality use of medicines in a hospital in Belém, Pará, Amazon. Method: The study took place in a philanthropic hospital, located in the city of Belém, Pará. A quantitative study was carried out in the action-research modality, data collection took place from December to January 2022, a semi-structured form was applied to assess patient safety in dispensing, preparation and administration. Results and discussion: 43 collaborators participated in this study, the analysis of the responses to the workers' behavior allowed us to identify that the professionals reported unsatisfactory performance of 4 actions (event notification; multidose recording; recording of temperature and medication by verbal order). From the weaknesses found, strategies were presented to minimize these occurrences, they are: elaboration of the safety protocol, use and administration of medications, standard operating procedure for high-alert medication and protocol for the use of multi-dose medications. Conclusion: It was identified that despite the knowledge of the risks and the need to guarantee patient safety through protocols for health services, it was noticed the need to implement basic and fundamental actions through institutional standards and routines, in accordance with with the local reality. Actions, when systematized, become possible applications in the safety of medication use and contribute to reducing potential risks and promoting safety and quality in the health work process.