Navegando por Assunto "Medicina preventiva"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impacto na incidência de infecção relacionada a cateter vascular central após medidas de educação na unidade de terapia intensiva do Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) COSTA, Maria Heliana Alencar da; SOUSA, Rita Catarina Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3560941703812539
Central venous catheters are commonly employed in the management of critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICU). Primary bloodstream infections resulting from central venous catheterization (CVC-BSI) are a common cause of excess morbidity, mortality, and medicalcare costs associated in the ICU setting. Many strategies have been used to decrease the risk of CVC-BSI and educational initiatives aimed at improving CVC insertion and care has been demonstrated successful results. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of an educational program targeted to specific points observed during CVC care practices on decreasing CVC-BSI rates in ICU setting. This was a preintervention and postintervention study. Barros Barreto Hospital is a 260-bed university urban teaching hospital located in Belém city, Pará, Brazil and its ICU is a 10-bed surgical-medical unit. In this ICU, reported CVC-BSI from January 2003 to December 2005 was 11.8 episodes of CVC-BSI per 1000 CVC-days. Between January 2006 and July 2007 this study was carried in this setting. An educational program based on CDC Guidelines for Prevention of Intravascular Catheter- Related Infection directed to nurses and physicians was developed by a multidisciplinary task force to highlight correct practices for CVC care. Posters concerning CVC-BSI pathogenesis and prevention, tips about importance of handwashing were available in the unit. BSI-CVC rates were monitored in the following 12-months period after educational intervention. Twenty episodes of catheter-associated bloodstream infections (11.8 per 1,000 catheter-days) occurred in the 36 months before the introduction of the education program. Following implementation of the intervention, the rate of catheter-associated bloodstream infection decreased to four episodes in 1667 catheter-days (2.4 per 1,000 catheter-days), a decrease of 78%. Behavior changes such as adherence to hand hygiene before manipulating CVC and CVC dressing was dramatically enhanced after the educational intervention (49.5% to 98.5% and 15.4% to 96.9%, respectively) [p < .0001]. A multiple approach included a focused educational strategy targeted to specific problems observed during a careful evaluation of CVC care practices, and policy changes can lead to decrease in the incidence of bloodstream infections associated to CVC. Educational programs directed to healthcare professionals may lead to decrease in cost, morbidity, and mortality associated to healthcare-related infections.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Prevalência da infecção pelo vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas em mulheres de comunidades remanescentes de quilombos de Santarém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) CARDOSO, Fernanda Jacqueline Teixeira; SOUSA, Maisa Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1775363180781218
The Lymphotropic Virus Human T-Cell is a oncoretrovirus associated with hematological, neurological, ophthalmological and dermatological pathologies. Currently, other clinical manifestations are described that are possibly associated with direct and indirect effects, immune-mediated, the action of the virus on the body.The main pathologies are described Leukemia / Lymphoma, Adult T Cells (ATLL), Tropical Spastic paraparesis / HTLV Associated Myelopathy (HAM / TSP), infective dermatitis (ID) and Uveitis Associated with HTLV. The transmission of the virus can occur by vertical form, by utero, at birth, or, in most cases through breastfeeding. It can also be transmitted parenterally through, blood transfusion or sharing of contaminated needles and syringes and by sexual contact. In Brazil and the world, the literature has shown that the virus infects mainly women and African descent over the age of 50 years. The aim of this study was to investigate HTLV infection in women remaining quilombos from Santarém, western Pará State. The research was conducted in representative cross demand of women in family groups of ten “quilombola” communities, from October 19 the December 17, 2012. Blood samples were tested for anti-HTLV antibodies using the enzyme immunoassay - ELISA and Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR was used to identify the viral genotype. genotype. The seroprevalence of HTLV infection was 0,46% (01/216) HTLV-1 was confirmed in a woman of 52 years who has thirteen years dermatological manifestations ith histological diagnosis of erythema multiforme or polymorph. None of the eight investigate family (five children, her husband and two sisters) had infection and mode of transmission involved in the infectious process has not been confirmed. The prevalence per community ranged from 4.76% (1/21) in Pearl Maicá to zero in the other (Arapemã, Saracura, New Vista's Ituqui, St. Raymond's Ituqui, St. Joseph's Ituqui, Bom Jardim, Murumurutuba, Murumuru and Tiningu). This study did not differ significantly from the prevalence of two other, also conducted in quilombos populations of Brazi This movement notification of HTLV-1 in african-Amazonian communities, reinforces the need to implement screening for the virus in public services as well as recycling efforts of health professionals.