Navegando por Assunto "Medo"

Agora exibindo 1 - 7 de 7

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Crime organizado, seletividade penal e modernidade líquida
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-08-04) LEDO, João Paulo Carneiro Gonçalves; GOMES, Marcus Alan de Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0371519214729478
The present work aims is to analyze the organized crime in Brazil about the prism of the liquid modernity. It approach how the insecurity and the fear, caused by the constraints of liquid modernity, influenced in an advent in politic of law and order. Study the speech that raised the organized crime legislation in Italy and United States of America and the reflections in the Brazilian legislation. Treated the problematic about the concept of organized crime, some legal and procedural instruments of this offense and rise of maxi processes in nationwide. It reflects on the speech of organized crime based on idea of a criminal law of exception and their problems. Relates lastly, the selectivity of penal system and the victims of organized crime speech in a liquid modernity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desempenho do Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) em modelos de ansiedade: campo aberto, preferência claro-escuro e labirinto em cruz com rampa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-23) MONTEIRO, André Luiz Viard Walsh; GOUVEIA JUNIOR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274
The use of animal models in experimental research in the last decades has shown to be more diversified than the classical model through the use of rodent or primate. This is mainly by advances in molecular, morphological and functional studies that revealed a big homology between the vertebrates. On this perspective, the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has shown to be the non-mammal animal with biggest ascension as a study model in biological sciences in the latest decades. However, other species of fish also show to be promising as alternatives of use as animal model. This study used Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) as model for the research in behavior through different experimental approaches. In study I, guppies were exposed and re-exposed in different shifts (morning, afternoon, evening and night) in the open field test and light-dark preference. The found results show that in both tests, male and female present behavioral differences, being sensitive to re-exposure, with capacity of learning e controlling of the circadian cycle. In study II, was developed a plus-maze with ramp where it was verified the sensibility of the specie to the apparatus, the profile of response upon re-exposure and the drug effect. The results revealed sensibility to the apparatus with a height of water column at 8 cm and 5 minutes of session and differences between sex and learning by habituation along the re-expositions. The pharmacological study indicates that in this apparatus, the specie is sensitive to anxiolytic and anxiogenic drugs. Finally, we can conclude that Guppy presents similar behavior and drug responses compatible with the data described to the Zebrafish. These similarities reinforce the use of fishes as an alternative to the use of mammals in animal experimentation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Geografia da Criminalidade no Campus: a multiterritorialidade do crime na cidade universitária Professor José da Silveira Netto (UFPA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-07-24) BARROS, Alexandre Patrício Silva; CHAGAS, Clay Anderson Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3537327292901649
The objective of the research is to analyze and understand the multiple territories and territorialities of crime, observing the following illegal activities: trade in ilegal substances (drug trafficking and consumption); theft; and robbery. Such crimes served as a basis to answer how crime is spatialized and related to the daily life of the university city José da Silveira Netto. In this sense, the research is based on the collection of information from the security system applied in the study area, as well as its history of occurrences, considering the university space itself as an “empirical object”, based on the method of geographic historical-dialectical materialism that considers a whole historical-material conjuncture of space production, which makes it possible to identify characteristics of the geographical context where crime is inserted on the campus, highlighting the viability of the structuring hypothesis of the “analytical object”, of the multiple territories of crime. Thus, the crimes that occur within the campus are mostly related to property crimes - theft and robbery - among them, theft that represent 84%, robbery and drug trafficking that are diluted in the remaining 16%, 13% and 3%, respectively. Finally, albeit in a timid way, it is worth raising some measures that could help in the problem of crime, not only in the university city of UFPA, but within the scenario of campuses throughout Brazil that suffer from the same difficulties. Thus, effective security policies should be spearheaded by: i) approaching and attracting neighboring communities in order to encourage coexistence at the university level, enabling the occupation of the common spaces of higher education institutions with social actions that absorb more widely all those who are frequently in these places, whether developing their academic activities or seeking to perform other space practices; ii) create alternatives for community security so that the authorities can dialogue with civil society; iii) and, finally, the development of collaborative citizenship projects between universities and the security and social defense agencies to act in the neighboring communities as mediators of conflicts, since improving the rates of violence and crime in the surroundings, automatically these results will be reflected into the campuses.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O imaginário sobre a cidade: entre experiências e socialidades nas narrativas de mídia e dos indivíduos em Belém do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-03-21) KABUENGE, Nathan Nguangu; AMARAL FILHO, Otacílio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2605877670235703; COSTA, Alda Cristina Silva da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2403055637349630
The present proposal aims to analyze the experiences and socialities between the city of Belém, individuals and the media, based on the imaginary constructed in the daily narratives of (de) construction and (res) significations of the city, considering that this imaginary, to some extent would constitute as structuring element of the socialities in the contemporaneity. The perspective of analysis starts from an approach of the comprehensive hermeneutics, trying to understand how the daily narratives of the city, or those that result from the power to construct what is the reality in the experience of an individual or of a community. It’s considered as such, the conversation at the bar table, in the street, in the market, in the square, at the dinner table, in the taxi, in the media, among other conversations, as everyday narratives. I take the narratives in two perspectives: a) the narratives of the newspapers Diário do Pará and O Liberal, with the use defined from the "constructed week" technique, in its editions published from 2000 to 2017. The selection of these two periodicals Paraenses were motivated by the sociopolitical and cultural representativeness of both in the construction of experience and inter subjectivity among individuals, mainly Belenenses; and b) the narratives of the taxi drivers of Belém, considering that some of them are potential readers of the newspapers, as well as 'transit', due to their activity, by the city. In the methodological course, a semi-structured interview was used with 15 (fifteen) taxi drivers from three neighborhoods were selected: Cidade Velha, Jurunas, Marambaia, who have been practicing for more than 18 (eighteen) in order to perceive the manifestations of the imaginary of the city. The corpus of the research makes it possible to observe in the two narratives, certain regularities of (de) construction of Belém, which is fundamental for the analysis. So, We could observe that talking about the city usually refers to the problematic of urbanization, but in this research, our view is again to understand the relation of the producers of the urban (city) and the communicative processes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Medo na cidade: um estudo de caso no bairro da Terra Firme em Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-31) SILVA, Maria do Socorro Rocha; SÁ, Maria Elvira Rocha de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9993934259448457
The debate about fear in the city imposes the necessity of anchoring a theory capable of explaining the contradictions intertwined in the urbanization process in the capitalist logic. The analysis developed in this dissertation were instigated by comments on manifestations of this phenomenon in the neighborhood of the Mainland in Bethlehem, PA, trying to grasp changes in the social dynamics of its inhabitants, but also to understand the phenomenon of urban violence and the feeling of fear in city, established from the perverse logic of capitalism, which are played with varying intensities in Brazilian cities and Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os moradores de Belém e suas relações com a cidade: tessitura de uma cartografia comunicativa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-12) KABUENGE, Nathan Nguangu; COSTA, Alda Cristina Silva da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2403055637349630
A present thesis analyzed the narrative constructions that the residentes of Belém create about themselves, the other and Belém. Considering the imaginary constructions that are established among the residents of the capital of Pará, fear constitutes one of the tensions in the fabric of the narratives. The question was asked in the analysis: How does the cartography of Belém allow us to observe the communicative processes of constructing the self, the other and the city? The question instigated the search to find out how the residents of Belém understand themselves in a relationship between the self and the other. In contemporary times, understanding this I-Thou relationship is justified because this relationship has been configured as calculating, to the extent that it makes the other an It, and not the externalized self that is decisive in understanding human action. As a methodological approach, a communicative cartography was developed in order to weave together the meanings attributed by individuals to themselves and to others, as well as to the spaces they experience. Cartography was understood as a relationship of power, tensions and force in the negotiation of meanings and the control of space as a product of social practices and relationships. In this construction, 15 narrative interviews were conducted with residents of 14 neighborhoods in Belém, from January to October 2022. The analyzes of such interviews were inspired by the theoretical-methodological openings: Ricoeur's narrative-hermeneutics, and his explanations of the unfolding of mimesis I, II and III; Deleuze and Guattari's cartography; Buber's ontological dimension of the I-Thou relationship; and Lévinas' ethical dimension of the faceto-face relationship. From the interlocutors' stories about and from Belém, we identified how a general frame was formed, called the "affective frame", with ramifications in other frames: urban, socio-cultural and security. In the affective frame, residents map the city of Belém in an affective and personal way. In all the frames, Communicative experiences emerged that were categorized into three dimensions: a) in the city center - a strong relationship of communication as possibility or miscommunication; b) in the periphery, communication as dialogue; and c) in Belém as a whole - communication as a relationship of otherness. The results of the research pointed to a cartography of the relationships, affections, intensities, conflicts, disputes over meanings, resistance, territoriality, deterritoriality and reterritoriality, which the residentes of Belém live create daily to make the city a place of possibility, as this same place holds, at the same time, a feeling of security and danger, where there is wealth and poverty. Despite these problems, the residentes of Belém strive, through cultural manifestations, to vibrate together around the city.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Papel da serotonina no comportamento defensivo do paulistinha (Danio rerio Hamilton 1822) adulto: Diferenças entre modelos comportamentais, linhagens, e efeitos do estresse predatório agudo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-11-14) OLIVEIRA, Caio Maximino de; HERCULANO, Anderson Manoel
Anxiety disorders present the highest incidence in the world population among psychiatric disorders, and the clinical efficacy of anxiolytic drugs is low, partially due to lack of knowledge on the neurochemical bases of these disorders. To reach a more ample and evolutionarily grounded comprehension of these phenomena, the use of phylogenetically older species can be an interesting approach in the field of behavioral modeling; thus, we suggest the use of zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton 1822) in the attempt to understand the modulation of these behaviors by the serotonergic system. We demonstrate that extracellular serotonin levels in the brains of adult zebrafish exposed to the light/dark preference test [LDT] (but not to the novel tank test [NTT]) are increased in relation to animals which are handled, but not exposed to the apparatuses. Moreover, serotonin tissue levels levels in the hindbrain and forebrain are elevated by the exposure to the LDT, while tissue levels in the midbrain are elevated by exposure to the NTT. Extracellular serotonin levels correlate positively with scototaxis, thigmotaxis and risk assessment in the LDT and negatively with geotaxis in the NTT. Acute treatment with a low dose of fluoxetine (2.5 mg/kg) increases scototaxis, thigmotaxis, and risk assessment in the LDT, and decreases geotaxis and freezing and facilitates habituation in the NTT. Treatment with buspirone decreases scototaxis, thigmotaxis and freezing at 25 and 50 mg/kg in the LDT and decreases risk assessment at 50 mg/kg; in the NTT, both doses decrease geotaxis, while the highest dose decreases freezing and facilitates habituation. Treatment with WAY 100635 decreases scototaxis at 0.003 and 0.03 mg/kg, while only the highest dose decreases thigmotaxis and risk assessment in the LDT. In the NTT, both doses decrease geotaxis, while only the lower dose facilitates habituation and increases homebase time. Treatment with SB 224289 did not alter scototaxis, but increased risk assessment at 2.5 mg/kg; in the NTT, this drug decreased geotaxis and decreased erratic swimming at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, while at 2.5 mg/kg it increased homebase time. Treatment with DL-para-clorophenylalanine (2 x 300 mg/kg injections, separated by 24 h) decreased scototaxis, thigmotaxis and risk assessment in the LDT, and increased geotaxis and homebase time and decreased habituation in the NTT. When animals were pre-exposed to a conspecific “alarm substance”, extracellular serotonin levels were raised in association with an increase in scototaxis, freezing and erratic swimming in the LDT; both behavioral and neurochemical effects were blocked by pre-treatment with fluoxetine (2,5 mg/kg), but not with WAY 100,635 (0,003 mg/kg). Animals from the leopard strain show increased scototaxis and risk assessment in the LDT, as well as increased 5-HT tissue levels in the encephalon; the behavioral phenotype is rescued by treatment with fluoxetine (5 mg/kg). These data suggest that the serotonergic system of zebrafish modulates behavior in the LDT and NTT in opposite ways; that the fright response produced by alarm substance seems to increase serotonergic activity, an effect which is possibly mediated by serotonin transporters; and that at least one high-anxiety mutant phenotype is associated with serotonin uptake. It is thus suggested that from a functional point of view serotonin increases anxiety and decreases fear in zebrafish.