Navegando por Assunto "Medula espinhal"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos anti-inflamatórios e neuroprotetores do extrato de gergelim (Sesamum indicum L.) em um modelo experimental de lesão aguda da medula espinhal de ratos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-10) PENHA, Nelson Elias Abrahão da; LIMA, Rafael Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3512648574555468; LEAL, Walace Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2085871005197072
The spinal cord is a component of central nervous system (CNS) with crucial functions for locomotion, motor skills, somatosensory and authonomic control. Spinal injuries are among the more serious and debilitating pathological conditions to human health with large worldwide. The use of experimental models of spinal cord injury (SCI) is pivotal to understandthe SCI pathophysiology as well as search for treatments to minimize the neurological deficits and improve functional recovery. In this work, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of supercritical gergelim (Sesamum indicum L.) extract in the acute phase of SCI in adult rats. Male Adult rats were submitted to spinal cord (SC) hemissection at T8. The sham (non lesioned) and control animals were treated with 5% tween(veicle), while treated animals received intraperitoneal (i.p) injections of Gergelim extract (150 mg/kg divided in two doses per day). Animals were allowed to recovery and were perfused at 1, 3 and 7 days post-lesion. 20 μm sections were obtained using a cryostat and stained with methylen blue, hematoxylin-eosin (HE), trichromic of Gomori and cresyl violet for gross histopathology. In addition, sections were immunolabeled with specific antibodies against neutrophils (anti-MBS-1) and activated microglia/macrophages (anti-ED1). The muscle force was assessed through electromiographic records performed in both control and treated animals at 1 and 7 days postlesion. The control animals presented progressive SC cavitation concomitant with neutrophil recruitment and microglia/macrophage activation. The treatment with gergelim extract induced tissue preservation and considerable decrease of neutrophil recruitment at 1 and 3 days, which was confirmed by quantitative analysis (ANOVA-Tukey, p<0.05). The gergelim treatment also decreased the microglia/macrophage activation at 7 days (ANOVA-Tukey, p<0.05). The electromiographic records revealed that the gergelim treatment improved the muscular force in about 50% compared to control animals. The results suggest that black gergelim seed extract is anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and induces muscle force recovery in adults rats submitted to acute SCI. Future studies should confirm that a phytotherapic obtained from black sesame extract can be used as possible neuroprotective agent for human SCI.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos do exercício voluntario na recuperação de hemissecção da medula espinhal: mudanças na rede perineuronal e acetilação de histonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-31) SFAIR, Márcio José Teixeira; BAHIA, Carlomagno Pacheco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0910507988777644; PEREIRA JÚNIOR, Antônio
Regular physical exercise prevents and combats various diseases over time, especially as a great therapeutic tool for the treatment of lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). After transection (complete or incomplete / hemisection) spinal cord reactive glial cells secrete substances inhibitory to axonal regeneration , for example , molecules of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (PGSCs) that play an important role in the formation of a physical barrier chemical , called glial scar, which prevents the growth of axons damaged by injury. Research involving experimental model of spinal cord injury and rehabilitation by exercise have obtained promising results. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which promote these positive results are still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to analyze the recovery of motor function of the hind paw after voluntary exercise protocol in an experimental model of spinal cord hemisection and investigate two molecular mechanisms involved in functional recovery: the degradation of the PGSCs Perineuronal networks and histone acetylation. To do this, twenty-four (24) male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) mice were used and divided into 3 groups (control, trained and untrained). Except for the control group, all animals were accustomed to racing wheels and followed underwent an experimental surgery hemisection of the spinal cord at the time of the 8th thoracic vertebra. Our results showed that voluntary exercise on wheels racing after experimental spinal cord injury promoted recovery of motor function of the affected hind paw, but did not observe qualitative differences in histone acetylation and degradation PGSCs between groups.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos do transplante autólogo de células monocelulares da medula óssea após lesão incompleta da medula espinhal de ratos adultos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-30) SOUZA, Celice Cordeiro de; HAMOY, Moisés; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4523340329253911; LEAL, Walace Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2085871005197072
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes permanent loss of neurological function below the level of injury, generating social and psychological physical consequences in patients. The pathophysiology of SCI involves complex processes, such as hemorrhage, excitotoxicity and inflammation, mainly generated by microglial cells. Despite advanced knowledge of pathological mechanisms, effective and approved therapeutic strategies for the treatment of lesions and their consequences are still lacking without serious adverse effects. Cell therapy may represent a good therapeutic strategy because it demonstrates good results in the modulation of the inflammatory environment of the lesion and by probable mechanisms of differentiation. In the present study, we investigated the action of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) in incomplete lesions (hemisection to the right of the spinal cord, T8-T9 segment) after 42 days of injury (chronic lesion). The cells were from the injured animal itself (autologous transplantation) and the transplantation was intramedullary, i.e. the cells were inserted near the site of the lesion. In the present study, the functional effects of transplantation were investigated through the BBB scale (Basso, Beatie and Bresnahan), which allows the motor function of the hind legs of the animals to be graded. The anti-inflammatory effects of BMMC were also investigated. Histological and immunohistochemical techniques using Cresila Violet staining and anti-ED-1 (microglial marker / activated macrophages) and anti-GFAP (fibrillar astrocyte marker) antibodies were used. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes were performed. For quantitative analysis, the number of field activated astrocytes and macrophages / microglia were counted using binocular microscope with counting gradient (0.0625mm2) in a 40x objective. The counting averages and the standard deviations obtained were plotted in Cartesian coordinates. The counting was as follows: on the right side of the spinal cord (lesion side) and three fields per medullary region (ventral funiculus - FV, dorsal funiculus - FD, lateral funiculus - FL, dorsal horn - CD, ventral horn - CV and intermediate gray matter-SCI), totaling 18 counting fields per section. Treatment with BMMC was not effective in improving the motor function of the injured animals when we compared the treated and untreated animals (means and standard deviations of the groups: false operated, n = 4, 21 ± 0, control, n = 4, 13,57 ± 3.88, treated, n = 5, 15.07 ± 3.46). In the qualitative analysis by means of the staining of Cresila Violet, treated animals presented better tissue preservation when compared to the untreated animals. In the quantitative analysis of microglial activation, we observed that treatment with BMMC reduced the activation of these inflammatory cells (control: 19.52 ± 7.79, treated: 10.04 ± 2.37), but did not significantly reduce the activation of the astrocytes (Mean of the groups: control 17.74 ± 2.757, treated 14.46 ± 5.283). The results suggest that further studies are needed to come up with an effective strategy for patients with SCI. A possible combined treatment with other strategies may turn out to be promising for patients' functionality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Exposição ao MEHG provoca dano na medula espinhal: percepções a partir da análise proteômica e estresse oxidativo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-08-27) EIRÓ, Luciana Guimarães; LIMA, Rafael Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3512648574555468; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-1486-4013
Methylmercury (MeHg) is considered by the World Health Organization as one of the chemicals of greatest public health concern. Thus, knowing the susceptibility of central nervous system regions and the absence of evidence about the effects on the spinal cord, this study aimed to investigate proteomic and biochemical changes in the spinal cord after MeHg long-term exposure at low doses. For this, male Wistar rats were exposed to a dose of 0.04 mg/kg/day by for 60 days. After that, the proteome was identified with subsequent overrepresentation analysis (ORA). For the oxidative biochemistry, the antioxidant (ACAP, TEAC, GSH) and pro-oxidants (LPO and nitrite ions) parameters were evaluated. The proteomic analysis showed several altered proteins that participate in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. There was an increase in total mercury (Hg) levels in the spinal cord, as well as an increase in LPO and nitrite ions and a reduction in ACAP, TEAC and GSH. Therefore, exposure to low doses of MeHg can trigger oxidative stress associated with changes in the proteomic profile.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Models of self in families of people with spina bifida
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12) FREIRE, Viviam Rafaela Barbosa Pinheiro; VALENTE, Mário Diego Rocha; PONTES, Fernando Augusto Ramos; SILVA, Simone Souza da Costa; KAPPLER, Christoph de Oliveira
Models of self reveal cultural views regarding the competences that children should acquire, and these views tend to be shared by people within the same environment. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the models of self in families of people with spina bifida. Seventeen caregivers answered an online questionnaire containing socio-demographic questions and three scales of self: autonomous, related and autonomous-related. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and techniques of multivariate analysis. The main results indicate that the most valued model of self was the autonomous-related model, reflecting the desire that children develop autonomy as well as interpersonal relationships. Such a model, however, is distinct from that of family groups of people with typical development living in the same cultural environment, indicating the need for families of people with spina bifida to receive support to reach their developmental goals.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Neuroproteção, diminuição do infiltrado de neutrófilos e microgliose após tratamento com óleo-resina de copaifera reticulata ducke em um modelo experimental de lesão aguda da medula espinhal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-25) SANTOS, Thayssa Ferreira dos; LEAL, Walace Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2085871005197072
Most central nervous system (CNS) diseases are incurable and extremely debilitating, acute spinal cord injury (LAME) causes permanent loss of neurological function below the level of the injury, causing severe physical consequences to patients. Trauma, falls and gunshot or joint weapon damage together make up almost 100% of the main mechanisms that cause LAME, as well as contribute to the high costs of the public health system. The pathophysiology of LAME involves complex processes such as vascular changes, excitotoxicity, lipid peroxidation and neuroinflammation, generated mainly by microglial cells. Despite the knowledge of pathophysiology, there is still no effective treatment for LAME. Thus, there is a mobilization of the scientific community to find a substance capable of promoting neuroprotection and, consequently, to reduce the sequelae of LAME below the level of the lesion. In this context, the Copaíba Resin Oil may represent a good therapeutic strategy. In this study, we investigated the antiinflammatory and neuroprotective effects of copaiba resin oil after hemisection of the spinal cord of rats. The animals were divided into experimental and control groups. Immunohistochemical techniques using anti-MBS-1 (neutrophil marker), anti-Iba-1 (microglial marker) antibodies, as well as staining with Cresila Violet were used. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes were performed. Copaiba resin oil proved effective in decreasing the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the area of spinal cord injury and promoted better preservation of the tissue area compared to the control group. As in the lowest neutrophil recruitment in treated rats compared to the control group (Treated group: 8.33 ± 0.66 (N = 3); Control group: 12.27 ± 0.28 (N = 3)) . Copaíba resin oil also promoted a reduction in the number of microglia in the area of spinal cord injury at different times (Treated group on day 1: 8.59 ± 1.72 (N = 3), Control Group on day 1: 35, (N = 3), Control Group on the 7th day: 65.77 ± 6.19 (N = 3)). These results suggest the antiinflammatory and neuroprotective effect of copaiba resin oil after LAME, revealing a promising strategy for the patient after LAME.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ruptura total do tendão de Aquiles induz resposta inflamatória e ativação glial na medula espinhal de camundongos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-05) PAULA, Diego Rodrigues de; SILVA, Anderson Manoel Herculano Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8407177208423247
Achilles tendon rupture is a common accident that affects both professional and recreational athletes. Acute and chronic pain are commonly seen in patients after rupture, usually associated with local inflammatory activation. The factors leading to hyperalgesia in symptomatic patients are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that Achilles tendon rupture is not restricted to tissue changes, but is able to evoke changes in the central nervous system (CNS). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Achilles tendon rupture on the biochemical and histological profile in the spinal cord (L5) and on the nociceptive response in a murine model. The animals after Achilles tendon tenotomy surgery were divided into two groups: control (without rupture) and Rupture (tenotomized). Mechanical sensitivity test (von Frey) was assessed on the 7th and 14th day post-tenotomy (dpt). Glial reactivity was assessed by immunohistochemistry for microglia (IBA-1) and astrocytes (GFAP). Inflammatory activation was assessed by immunofluorescence for NOS-2 and COX2 at 7th and 14th dpt. We show, by the mechanical sensitivity test, an increase in the algesic response in the ipsilateral paw of the ruptured group on the 7th and 14th dpt when compared to the control group. This phenomenon was accompanied by hyperactivation of astrocytes and microglia in sensory processing areas of the L5 spinal cord, predominantly on the ipsilateral side to the tendon injury. We show inflammatory activation by expression of COX-2 and NOS-2, exclusively in the 14th dpt. These data were supported by biochemical findings that demonstrated significant nitrite levels increase in the lumbar spinal cord of animals submitted to Achilles tendon rupture at 7 and 14 dpt. The present study demonstrated for the first time that complete rupture of the Achilles tendon induces a neuroinflammatory response associated with glial activation in the spinal cord (L5) of mice.