Navegando por Assunto "Microestrutura"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise mecânica e microestrutural da interação do bambu com o concreto
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-03) SALGADO NETO, Francisco de Souza; PICANÇO, Marcelo de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4535052395600357
Several materials have been used in construction, steel and concrete being the most used. However, such materials present high production costs and generate great impacts to the environment. The purpose of this research is to analyze the interaction between concrete and bamboo of the species Dendrocalamus giganteus as well as to verify the potential of the annealed wire as a reinforcement of bond between the above-mentioned materials, justified by the search for alternative and renewable materials concomitantly with the defense of sustainability. The experimental schedule is divided into 3 stages: morphological, physical and mechanical characterization of bamboo; concrete dosing; and study of bamboo concrete interaction, analyzing the use of two types of wrapping wire on the bamboo surface as a mechanism of bond reinforcement: single spiral and double spiral, from the determination of the bond strength at 28 days for each case, of the load x displacement behavior and the microstructural analysis of the concrete bamboo interaction. The fixed factors were: compressive strength of the concrete (28 MPa), 200 mm is the length of bonded interface, bamboo sticks with rectangular section of 20 mm x 10 mm. All the results obtained were analyzed by statistical tests and it was verified that the presence of the node and the use of wire increases the bond strength by 42% and at least 25%, respectively.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização microestrutural e de propriedades mecânicas de soldas do aço ASTM A 131 pelos processos FCAW convencional e com adição de arame frio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-09-23) RODRIGUES, Lino Alberto Soares; BRAGA, Eduardo de Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4783553888547500
The work presented here show comparatively mechanical properties and microstructure of weld metals employing two welding techniques, an already disseminated, FCAW (arc welding with cored wire) and the other is innovative, FCAW-AF (arc welding with Adding Tubular Wire with a cold wire is not energized) at three levels of speed 6, 8 and 10 m / min. In this process two diameters of the cold wire 0.8 and 1.0 mm were used. The base metal used was a naval steel ASTM 131 grade A (low carbon) in geometry of plates 150 mm x 300 mm x 9.5 mm, applied to V-groove (Bisel of 22.5°) with angle 45° summed, with mild opening of root of 2.4 mm. The weld used was top type with the application of two passes, one root pass and the pass of finish (or filling). In order to establish of weld conditions 5 types of destructive were carried out: face transverse bend, tension, impact test (Charpy notched type V), microhardness and metallographic test. In addition to the non-destructive analysis visual and penetrating liquid. In general, the results for the process FCAW-CW, show themselves compatibles, regarding the process FCAW conventional, but some results showed smaller values of mechanical property. This fact much probably happened due the presence of discontinuities in the welded joint FCAW-CW. The microstructural characterization presented similar results to FCAW-CW and FCAW conventional for all energy levels studied.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Concreto com utilização de agregado graúdo sintético produzido a partir da lama vermelha: estudos de dosagem, propriedades e microestrutura
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-13) ROSÁRIO, Kátia Alrelhia do; MACEDO, Alcebíades Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8313864897400179
Currently sustainability issues have gained prominence on the world stage in various sectors of society. Several researchers (LIMA, 2006; Hildebrand, 1998; SOUZA, J., 2010, ROSSI, 2009, etc..) Have tried to propose an interaction between the construction industry and those who engage in mineral production and processing, such as the beneficiation of bauxite. In this context, finding viability for the recovery of waste generated in large quantities and no use would contribute to the preservation of the environment, insofar as it would reduce consumption of resources from natural sources and increase the supply of inputs in construction market. This work is discussed the feasibility of producing a concrete, it has characteristics which renders itself to use as raw material in the construction industry, by using an synthetic aggregate obtained from the red mud (bauxite waste improvement) . According to the experimental program to be executed, the aggregates and the concrete produced will have their properties analyzed in order to study the production process and measurement respectively. Aggregates are analyzes of: porosity, water absorption, bulk density and Los Angeles abrasion and concrete, workability, density in fresh and hardened, compressive strength, tensile strength by diametrical compression, tensile bending, water absorption and elastic modulus. It is noteworthy that significant importance is given to the transition zone paste / aggregate, by analysis of the microstructure of concrete produced. Analysis is performed by means of tests: Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results of the analyzes of the synthetic aggregates and concrete produced satisfactory results, showing that they have potential for use in the construction industry.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Correlação entre condições de solidificação, microestrutura a resistência mecânica
(Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 1999-02-02) QUARESMA, José Maria do Vale; GARCIA, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1721691084829002
Correlation among solidification conditions, microstructure and mechanical behavior / The imposition of a wide range of operational conditions in foudry and static casting generates, as a direct consequence, a diversity of solidification structures. Structural parameters such as grain size and interdendrictic spacings are highly influenced by the thermal behavior of the metal/mold system. during solidification, consequently imposing a close correlation between the described system and the resulting microstructure. The mechanical properties of an alIoy in its crude state of solidification depend on the microstructural arrangement defined in the solidification process. Under the circumstances, the mechanical behavior of the alIoy, represented by stresses and/or strains, wilI be defined by grain size, interdendritic spacings, casual porosities, segregated products and other phases. Expressions correlating the mechanical behavior with microstructural parameters are very useful in order to search for a type of previous planning of the solidification conditions in terms of a determined leveI of mechanical resistance which is intended to be attained, e.g. to settle a way of programming the microstructure and the mechanical properties as well. Particularly, the literature in this field presents relations between the yield strength of the material and the grain size, such as the renowned HalI-Petch's equation. The present work advances in that direction, in search of relations among mechanical behavior in the plastic field, secondary dendritic spacings and solidification conditions. In order to analyze an important variable of solidification in molds with good heat diffusivity, like the metal/mold heat transfer coefficient, alloys of the Sn-Pb system - with compositions Sn- 5%Pb, Sn- 10%Pb, Sn- 20%Pb, Sn- 38,1%Pb (eutectic) - besides the element tin, were chosen. The choice was made because such alloys are easily handled in laboratory and chiefly because their thermophysical properties are well known. Particularly the influences of the following operational conditions on hi were investigated: mold thickness, liquid metal superheating and magnitude of the solidification range. Experimental results related to the distribution of temperatures in metal and mold during solidification, as compared with the results of simulation with a numerical model, made it possible to attain of expressions, for each case, by relating hi in terms of time. Heat transfer from the external surface of the mold to the environment was also analyzed; in the same manner, expressions were developed correlating the mold/environment heat transfer coefficient hAmb in terms of time as well. To correlate parameters of dendritic structures and mechanical properties, the following alloys of the Al-Cu system were chosen: Al- 4,5%Cu; Al- 15%Cu. The same aforementioned analysis referring to hi and hAmb was extended to those alloys including the one of eutectic composition (Al- 33%Cu) and pure aluminum. Based upon results of standardized solidification tests, secondary dendritic spacing ( EDS ) and upon mathematical models of heat transfer and dendritic growth, expressions were developed correlating the ultimate tensile strength (σu) and specific elongation (δ) as a function of variables of the metallmold system. Thus it was a way towards the programming of the dendritic structure and the leveI of resistance as a function of preestablished operational conditions in the solidification process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Polyphase deformation and metamorphism of the Cuiabá group in the Poconé region (MT), Paraguay Fold and Thrust Belt: kinematic and tectonic implications
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03) VASCONCELOS, Bruno Rodrigo; RUIZ, Amarildo Salina; MATOS, João Batista
Several deformation models have been proposed for the Paraguay Belt, which primarily differ in the number of phases of deformation, direction of vergence and tectonic style. Structural features presented in this work indicate that the tectonics was dominated by low dip thrust sheets in an initial phase, followed by two progressive deformation phases. The first phase of deformation is characterized by a slate cleavage and axial plane of isoclinal recumbent folds with a NE axial direction, with a recrystallization of the minerals in the greenschist facies associated with horizontal shear zones with a top-to-the-SE sense of movement. The second stage shows vergence towards the NW, characterized by crenulation cleavage axial plane to F2 open folds over S0 and S1, locally associated with reverse faults. The third phase of deformation is characterized by subvertical faults and fractures with a NW direction showing sinistral movement, which are commonly filled by quartz veins. The collection of tectonic structures and metamorphic paragenesis described indicate that the most intense deformation at the deeper crustal level, greenschistfacies, occurred during F1, which accommodated significant crustal shortening through isoclinal recumbent folds and shear zones with low dip angles and hangwall movement to the SE, in a thin-skinned tectonic regime. The F2 deformation phase was less intense and had a brittle to ductile behavior that accommodated a slight shortening through normal open subvertical folds, and reverse faults developed in shallower crustal level, with vergence towards the Amazonian Craton. The third phase was less pervasive, and the shortening was accommodated by relief subvertical sinistral faults.