Navegando por Assunto "Modelagem ambiental"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Extração de recursos florestais por agricultores na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-05-27) COSTA, Josinara Silva; SILVA, Fernando Elias da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7374917289764220; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9190-1733; FERREIRA, Joice Nunes Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1679725851734904; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4008-2341
The Amazon is recognized as synonymous with biological and social diversity. It shelters several social groups with direct or indirect relationships with forest resources. However, little is known about how these relationships occur in different landscapes, as well as their main predictors. In this study, we sought to characterize the extraction of timber (TFP) and non-timber (NTFP) forest products from 460 landowners (with representation of small, medium and large farmers) from two distinct regions of the Eastern Amazon. In this research, information about the socioeconomic characteristics, environmental aspects of the property and information on TFP and NTFP extraction was compiled through questionnaires. In addition, the relationships of TFP extraction, and extraction, collection intensity, and NTFP extraction richness were modeled with forest cover, region of location, property size, type of agricultural land use, number of people in the household. and annual income. The results obtained indicate a low extraction of TFP, mainly from wood, to the detriment of charcoal production. Most of the NTFPs presented extractions below 50% and low intensity of collection between regions, especially among small producers, which shows a tendency of lower dependence on forest resources by families. A higher percentage of extraction of forest products was observed in medium and large properties, which may be related to the presence of larger legal reserves in these areas. The positive relationship of forest cover and property size with the extraction of most TFP and NTFP reinforces this argument. The richness of extraction and intensity was higher in the Santarém region, which may be related to the greater cultural diversity in the use of forest products in this region. Given the above, it is possible to conclude that medium and large producers in the Eastern Amazon also have ties to the forests, and the exploitation of NTFPs in small properties in the region can be intensified according to market demand. Finally, it is understood that the strong relationship between the extraction of NTFPs and the increase in the size of the property can be configured as a barrier to better opportunities for poor farmers, thus harming sustainable development from a perspective of sustainable exploitation of the non-timber forest products.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Extração de recursos florestais por agricultores na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-05-27) COSTA, Josinara Silva; SILVA, Fernando Elias da; ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7374917289764220; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9190-1733; FERREIRA, Joice Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1679725851734904
The Amazon is recognized as synonymous with biological and social diversity. It shelters several social groups with direct or indirect relationships with forest resources. However, little is known about how these relationships occur in different landscapes, as well as their main predictors. In this study, we sought to characterize the extraction of timber (TFP) and non-timber (NTFP) forest products from 460 landowners (with representation of small, medium and large farmers) from two distinct regions of the Eastern Amazon. In this research, information about the socioeconomic characteristics, environmental aspects of the property and information on TFP and NTFP extraction was compiled through questionnaires. In addition, the relationships of TFP extraction, and extraction, collection intensity, and NTFP extraction richness were modeled with forest cover, region of location, property size, type of agricultural land use, number of people in the household. and annual income. The results obtained indicate a low extraction of TFP, mainly from wood, to the detriment of charcoal production. Most of the NTFPs presented extractions below 50% and low intensity of collection between regions, especially among small producers, which shows a tendency of lower dependence on forest resources by families.A higher percentage of extraction of forest products was observed in medium and large properties, which may be related to the presence of larger legal reserves in these areas. The positive relationship of forest cover and property size with the extraction of most TFP and NTFP reinforces this argument. The richness of extraction and intensity was higher in the Santarém region, which may be related to the greater cultural diversity in the use of forest products in this region. Given the above, it is possible to conclude that medium and large producers in the Eastern Amazon also have ties to the forests, and the exploitation of NTFPs in small properties in the region can be intensified according to market demand. Finally, it is understood that the strong relationship between the extraction of NTFPs and the increase in the size of the property can be configured as a barrier to better opportunities for poor farmers, thus harming sustainable development from a perspective of sustainable exploitation of the non-timber forest products.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mudanças de uso e cobertura da terra e as perspectivas da abordagem nexus água, alimento e ecossistemas em bacias hidrográficas costeiras do Nordeste Paraense, Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-23) DUTRA, Vitor Abner Borges; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de Toledo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187
The Amazon is increasingly gaining global spotlight, despite chronically suffering the massive destruction of its ecosystems. In this context, this thesis focused on the question “to what extent will changes in land use and cover modify the landscapes of watersheds in the Eastern Amazon by 2030 and how do these changes imply the achievement of environmental goals to promote sustainable development?”. Thus, three scientific articles were prepared, where the first two dealt with the region’s spatio-temporal changes in the recent past and near future, and the third designed an integrated Nexus approach of water, food and ecosystem indicators, aligned with current environmental policies. In the first article, the dynamics of the landscapes of three watersheds between 1985 and 2019 were evaluated. The results revealed a significant conversion from forest to pasture of approximately 1,000 km², with an increase in forest fragments from 2547 to 6604, highlighting the importance of measures conservation and recovery of vegetation for the maintenance of local ecosystems. In the second article, simulations of future land cover scenarios for the region were carried out, with an emphasis on deforestation and its greenhouse gas emissions, under three hypothetical scenarios. The results indicated that, regardless of the scenario, the region could face a significant increase in deforestation and emissions by 2030, with deforestation varying from 90 thousand hectares to 125 thousand hectares, and respective greenhouse gas emissions between 3.67% and 5.09% of total emissions of the Pará State, highlighting the urgency of implementing policies for the conservation and recovery of native vegetation. In the third article, the interconnection of water, food and ecosystem indicators was explored, under the backdrop of the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda and the Amazon Now State Plan. We identified some challenges, such as low environmental compliance and high pressure on water and forestry resources. However, opportunities for improvements were also identified, such as encouraging the adoption of agroforestry systems, the recovery of permanent preservation areas around water resources and the use of thriving crops from the Amazon bioeconomy, as they can result in socioeconomic and environmental improvements in the region. In summary, the studies demonstrated the complexity of environmental changes in the Eastern Amazon and the importance of an integrated approach to address pressing challenges. For a successful experience, actions must be coordinated between governments, local communities and other stakeholders, in order to guarantee the conservation of local ecosystems and the well-being of current and future generations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produtividade de citrus na Amazônia Oriental: relações com o clima atual, risco socioambiental relativo aos eventos extremos e modelagem dos impactos das mudanças climáticas futuras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-31) DIAS, Thaiane Soeiro da Silva; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-6222-5534; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984
In the context of the agricultural frontier within the Amazonian territory, the production of citrus (lime and oranges) has been relevant in socioeconomic and environmental terms. In this thesis, three different scientific approaches were developed to elucidate: i) the relationships between citrus productivity and climate variability (rainfall and air temperature) and deforestation patterns in eastern Amazonia during the last decades; ii) the socio-environmental risk of citrus productivity due to extreme precipitation events in eastern Amazon; and iii) the impacts of different future scenarios of climate change on the distribution of potential areas of occurrence of the species Citrus sinensis over the Legal Brazilian Amazon. The results showed evidence that natural factors (climate variability and extreme precipitation events) and anthropic factors (deforestation) directly influence citrus productivity in several areas of eastern Amazonia. In addition, projections indicate that climate change can negatively impact the distribution of the main occurrence areas of the Citrus species throughout the Brazilian Legal Amazon.