Navegando por Assunto "Modelo de velocidade"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Migração Kirchhoff pré-empilhamento em profundidade usando aproximação paraxial do tempo de trânsito(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-28) CUNHA, Antonio Rizimar de Andrade; CRUZ, João Carlos Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8498743497664023In order to get an accurate image of the subsurface we need efficient techniques for evaluating the wave field. In literature we find several geophysical methods based on the numerical solution of the seismic wave equation. Among the various techniques of seismic imaging, Kirchhoff prestack depth migration remains widely used because of its flexibility in processing data through several geometries of acquisition, and its practicality in solving problems related to imaging. Assuming this view, we seek to create more efficient alternatives for the accurate calculation of the parameters involved in migration processes. We consider the efficient calculation of the traveltimes as a critical factor, focusing on the fundamental amplitude in their respective points in depth using the Paraxial Ray Theory through the Runge-Kutta method of fourth order. The paraxial extrapolation of the traveltimes belongs to the class of dynamic ray tracing, where it is possible to determine information in complex geological environment on regions influenced by shadow zones. The application of this technical demands amounts previously arranged in a central reference beam that is obtained from the kinematic ray tracing, furthermore a macro velocity model of the medium is necessary for the traveltimes calculation. For comparison, we consider two different ways to calculate the traveltimes tables: The first was performed by routine RAYT2D from SEISMIC UNIX (SU) package, which is considered a robust method of evaluation; the second is based on Paraxial05 method. The depth migration required the seismic data input and the traveltimes. The images were obtained from an algorithm written in SHELL and a third image is obtained through the difference between the two initial results.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) NIP-tomografia usando método CRS e dados sísmicos marinhos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) AFONSO, João Batista Rodrigues; LEITE, Lourenildo Williame Barbosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8588738536047617This work consisted on the application of techniques for processing, inversion and imaging of the Marmousoft synthetic data, and of the Jequitinhonha real data obtained on the eastern Atlantic continental shelf of the State of Bahia. The convencional NMO and CRS stack methods, and NIP-tomographic inversion were applied to the mentioned data. The NMO stack served to produce RMS and interval velocity distribution maps on the semblance domain. The CRS stack of both data we used for picking of re ection events to obtain the wave eld parameters that served to constrain the model as input for the NIP-tomographic inversion. The inversion characterizes as resulting in a smooth velocity model. Kirchhoff depth migration was used for verifying the obtained velocity models. We critically analyzed the applied techniques, and compared the CRS and the NMO stacks. The evolution of the visual quality of the obtained CRS and NMO sections were analyzed as measured by event continuity trace-by-trace and the signal/noise ratio. The di erences and improvements on the velocity model obtained by NIP-tomographic were also analyzed. The Kirchhoff prestack depth migration was applied aiming at geological interpretations, and to point out for better conditions of processing and imaging.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Regularização em estereotomografia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) MELO, Luiz André Veloso; COSTA, Jessé Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7294174204296739Obtaining an accurate velocity model is an essential part of imaging complex structures. In complex environments, conventional methods do not produce satisfactory results. Slope tomography is an effective tool for improving the velocity estimate. This method uses the slowness components and traveltimes of picked reection or difraction events for velocity model building. On the other hand, the unavoidable data incompleteness requires additional information to assure stability of inversion. One natural constraint for raybased tomography is a smooth velocity model. This study proposes to evaluate smoothness regularizations to slope tomography that require the evaluation of partial derivatives of the velocity model with respect to the spatial coordinates. One of evaluated regularizations is a new kind of smoothness constraint based on the reection angle. I evaluate results measuring data mist, velocity model results and scattering points recovered after inversion on synthetic data. In numerical tests the new constraint leads to geologically consistent models.