Navegando por Assunto "Monitoramento ambiental"

Agora exibindo 1 - 14 de 14

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicabilidade de um sistema de baixo custo para o monitoramento de dados meteoceanográficos na zona costeira Amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04-23) SOTÃO, Daniel da Silva; ROSÁRIO, Renan Peixoto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8003860457518342; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-0514
This study aimed to develop, implement, and validate a low-cost Continuous Monitoring Prototype (CMP) to collect meteoceanographic data in the Amazon Coastal Zone (ACZ), a region vulnerable to climate change and lacking environmental data. The system, built with an ESP32 microcontroller, integrates sensors for air temperature and relative humidity (HDC1080 and AM2302), atmospheric pressure (BMP280 and MS5611), water temperature (DS18B20), tide level (HC-SR04), precipitation, and wind speed and direction. Sensor validation was performed by comparing the collected data with reference equipment: a CICLUS PRO weather station (CWS) and a Sonlist Levelogger 5 LTC recorder (CTDlog). The CMP conducted four joint test campaigns with the CWS and CTDlog, totaling 56,221 records. Linear regression was applied to develop calibration equations for each sensor. Calibration quality was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson correlation coefficient, and residual analysis. The HDC1080 and AM2302 sensors showed excellent performance for temperature measurement, with R² > 0.9, RMSE < 0.2 °C, mean absolute residual (MAE) < 0.12 °C, and very strong Pearson correlation (r ≥ 0.9). However, they exhibited instability in relative humidity measurements (R² ≈ 0.64; RMSE ≈ 3.46%; MAE ≈ 2.52%). The performance of the BMP280 and MS5611 pressure sensors was initially affected by internal heating, but after thermal compensation, they achieved R² values between 0.88 and 0.99, RMSE from 0.17 to 0.45 hPa, and MAE from 0.11 to 0.34 hPa, with the BMP280 showing superior performance. The DS18B20 water temperature sensor showed very strong correlation, with R² ≈ 0.94, RMSE ≈ 0.036 °C, and MAE ≈ 0.021 °C, proving highly promising. The HCSR04 sensor stood out as the most accurate, with R² ≈ 0.99, RMSE ≈ 2.6 cm, and MAE ≈ 1.9 cm. Precipitation and wind sensors presented inconsistencies and require further testing. The total production cost of the CMP was BRL 952.75, representing savings of 86.19% compared to the CWS (BRL 6,897.00) and 96.14% compared to the CTDlog (BRL 24,677.29). When compared to equivalent equipment, the CMP achieved at least 66.33% cost reduction compared to basic stations and 87.3% compared to lower-cost temperature and water level recorders. The CMP proved to be a viable, economical, and replicable solution for continuous environmental monitoring in the ACZ, with the potential to fill existing gaps in observation networks, although improvements are still needed to enhance its long-term performance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação da composição isotópica de multielementos no monitoramento ambiental de área circunvizinha à barragem de rejeito: o caso da mina de cobre da Serra do Sossego, Canaã dos Carajás – PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-09) OLIVEIRA, Simone Pereira de; MOURA, Candido Augusto Veloso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1035254156384979
Tailings dams from ore mining activities are relevant compartment for environmental monitoring because the dam can present undesirable forms of water outlets such as infiltration. The present thesis proposed multielement isotope study in order to evaluate the use of the isotopic composition of oxygen, hydrogen, strontium and lead as a tool for the environmental monitoring of groundwater vulnerable to the tailings dam. This research was conducted in the area of the Serra of Sossego copper mine and, in addition to the isotope study, the hydrochemical characterization of groundwater and surface water was caried out. Besides, the direct reading of the isotopic composition of lead (without chemical treatment of the water sample) was applied for the first time, using multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, in the laboratory Para-Iso. The hydrochemical characterization of groundwater in the Serra do Sossego mine area showed that it is moderately acid (pH ~ 6). Only the AP15 and PS32 wells, under the influence of the drainage of the mixed pile (ore waste + sterile), presented high electrical conductivity (599 μS / cm2 and 694 μS / cm2) and the higher sulfate content (1.82 to 6.57 Meq/L). In general, iron (29.7 mg/L), manganese (69.7 mg/L) and copper (24.9 mg/L) present the highest metal content in the groundwter. In terms of the isotope studies, the groundwater of PS17, PS04, AP15 and PS32 wells and the water of the Dam present the least radiogenic lead isotopic composition. The water sampled in the AP15 and PS32 wells would be representative of the lead isotope signature of groundwater in the mine area (206Pb/207Pb = 1.1481 to 1.1663) and, probably, is indicative of the lead isotope composition of the meteroric water. The lead isotope composition of the groundwater of the wells PS04 (206Pb/207Pb = 1.1784-1.1850) and PS17 (206Pb/207Pb = 1.2100 to 1.2160) may indicate a small contribution of the rocks of the region (206Pb/207Pb > 1.6807). In turn, the lead isotope signature of water of the Dam (206Pb/207Pb = 1.2279) suggests, as expected, a slightly more pronounced contribution of the ore and the rocks. On the other hand, the lead isotopes of the water sampled in the wells MNA23 and PS06 show a more radiogenic signature (206Pb/207Pb = 1.6741 to 1.9196), which is similar to those of the chalcopyrite and the diabase of the Sequeirinho open pit, revealing a more significant contribution of the ore and rocks. As the lead isotope composition of water from the dam is different from that of the groundwater, it can be used for the environmental monitoring of the influence of the water from the dam in groundwater in the Serra of Sossego mine area. In those wells with less radiogenic lead isotope signature, a possible contribution of the water from the dam would result in a more radiogenic lead isotope composition in the groundwater. Conversely, in those wells with more radiogenic lead isotope signature, a contribution of the water dam for the groundwater would decrease the values of the measured lead isotope ratios. On the other hand, the application of the sulfur isotopes for environmental monitoring presented some limitation in the study area, due to the lack of contrast of the sulfur isotope composition among the sulfides of the Sossego deposit (δ 34S ~ 2-7 ‰), the water from the dam (δ 34S ~ 2 ‰), and the drainage of the mixed pile (δ 34S ~ 2‰). This prevents the recognition of a possible contribution of the tailings dam to groundwater. Mixing models using the 87Sr/86Sr ratio as a function of the strontium concentration and δ 18O values, also showed some limitations, since there is no contrast between the values of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the water from the dam (0. 7458 to 0.7539) and the rocks of the mine area (granite ~ 0.7474). Such similarity, in principle, would not allow identifying the contribution of the water from the dam. However, since groundwater generally exhibits less radiogenic values of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.7161 to 0.7283) and well below the dam values, the strontium isotopic composition can be used for environmental monitoring of groundwater. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data revealed that, in the rainy season, the groundwater presented values of δ 18O and δ D varying from -2.74 to -7.17‰ and from -15.6 to -46.0‰, respectively. In turn, an enrichment of 18O and D, with values of δ 18O between -1.67 and -7.29 ‰ and of δ D between -0.23 and -46.1 ‰, is observed in the dry season. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of the water from the dam (δ 18O from 1.24 to 2.79 ‰ and δ D from 1.40 to 7.0 ‰) is very different from those of the groundwater and of the drainage of the pile. A mixing model performed with oxygen and hydrogen isotopes showed that these elements are the ones that best respond as indicators of the contribution of the waters from the dam to groundwater. The application of this model revealed no influence of the water from the dam on the groundwater during the period of this study. The results obtained in this multielement isotopic study suggest that the environmental monitoring of the groundwater of the Serra do Sossego mine to investigate the possible contribution of the water from the dam, can be done more efficiently with the oxygen and hydrogen isotopes. The isotopic compositions of lead and strontium can also be used for monitoring the groundwater, but this has to be done more systematically due to the small contrast between the isotopic composition of these elements in the dam water and in the groundwater. Finally, the isotopic composition of sulfur is the one that would contribute least to the environmental monitoring of the groundwater of the study area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de dados de sensores remotos no reconhecimento e monitoramento de ambientes costeiros tropicais: cabos Cassiporé e Orange, Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-09-18) BATISTA, Edmilson das Mercês; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do modelo de monitoramento ambiental no Estado do Pará: estudo de caso da SEMA/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-24) SOUSA, Rodolfo Gadelha de; SZLAFSZTEIN, Claudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555
One of the approaches to prevent and control environmental crises must be originated in public environmental management, particularly in the integration of its instruments: licensing, monitoring and enforcement. Monitoring has a strategic role in this process, because it is essential to decision-making in licensing activity and in supporting enforcement. However, environmental monitoring is a complex issue. In Pará, the structure of the Secretariat of State for the Environment, qualified to perform this function and the demands arising from the decentralization of environmental management and Complementary Law 140/2011, require that the state agency enhances its monitoring mechanisms of environmental management. Although there is no universal solution to do environmental monitoring, this research intends to discuss a model of government monitoring beyond the requirement of formal and bureaucratic licensing agencies to monitor its projects approved. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the model of environmental monitoring as a tool for environmental management in the state of Pará, through the description of the model adopted, as well as the analysis of the causes and consequences of this model, particularly for forest management plans licensed by SEMA/PA. It also aimed to propose a strategy for environmental monitoring in the state. For this reason, the object of study at was SEMA/PA and the case study method was used, following three steps: data collection, through the agency reports and interviews; data processing, based on route guidance to characterize both the monitoring model, as well as the institutional capacity of the state agency; and, generation of results, producing a descriptive matrix of the monitoring model, which allowed to identify the strengths and barriers to the purpose of environmental monitoring in Pará, thus guiding the adaptation and recasting of the model adopted. The results show that in general there is not an institutional strategy of SEMA/PA systematic environmental monitoring, both for licensing programs and projects, as for environmental quality standards. Specifically, there are several shortcomings in the monitoring model adopted by SEMA/PA and described in this study, related to the low transparency of information, lack of procedures and work routines, lack of resources and functions of systematic monitoring in systems SIMLAM and SISFLORA, as well as gaps in monitoring of forest management plans. To address this situation it is necessary to build participatory construction by SEMA/PA of an institutional model based on principles of administrative transparency and systematic monitoring, which subsidizes and gives feedback cyclically to the instances of (re-) planning of environmental licensing and enforcement, generating alerts for immediate action
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de sensores baseados em fibra óptica afunilada para monitoramento ambiental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-06) SILVEIRA, Clenilson Rodrigues da; GIRALDI, Maria Thereza Miranda Rocco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0270661833822671; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
The monitoring of environmental parameters is important in preserving the environment. The development of technologically advanced systems for measuring physical parameters allows the early detection of harmful environmental factors. For example, refractive index and temperature measurement systems can detect thermal and chemical pollution in rivers water. Curvature or tilt measurement is important in predicting natural phenomena that may cause damage to human beings, such as landslides and earthquakes. This thesis investigates sensors based on tapered optical fiber for monitoring environmental parameters. The investigated technology is based on standard single-mode optical fiber with tapered section that makes use of the evanescent field to detect changes in the external environment, such as refractive index, temperature and curvature. This type of device is analyzed through numerical simulations and experimental measurements. The numerical modeling is performed using finite difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM). It is numerically and experimentally demonstrated that once tapered optical fiber Michelson interferometer is subjected to bending the sensitivity to refractive index change is enhanced in comparison with the not bent device. Experimental measurements indicate that this type of device has great potential as a temperature sensor. Numerical results, based on FD-BPM, indicate that it is possible to optimize the taper parameters in optical fiber to improve its sensitivity to bending in terms of transmitted power.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Determinação da composição isotópica de chumbo e estrôncio em petróleo e derivados como ferramenta para o monitoramento ambiental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-04-13) LIMA, Cristiane Souza de; MOURA, Candido Augusto Veloso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1035254156384979
O petróleo e seus derivados são vastamente utilizados nos dias atuais para as mais diversas atividades, entretanto, estas substâncias são também importantes fontes de poluição de compostos orgânicos nocivos aos seres vivos, e de introdução de metais pesados no meio ambiente. Dessa forma, o monitoramento de sedimentos, solos e águas naturais em áreas de processamento, armazenamento, manuseio e transporte de hidrocarbonetos deve ser constante para prevenir a contaminação ambiental decorrentes de pequenos vazamentos. Esse monitoramento é feito com a análise de substâncias orgânicas que são biodegradáveis. Alternativamente, ele pode ser realizado pela análise isotópica de metais presentes em pequenas quantidades nessas substâncias. Entretanto, a especificidade das técnicas analíticas envolvidas na extração de metais de substâncias orgânicas não incentiva o uso da composição isotópica de metais no monitoramento ambiental de hidrocarbonetos. Assim, neste trabalho aplicou-se procedimentos usuais na análise de materiais inorgânicos como rocha e solo na extração de metais em petróleo e derivados, com o objetivo de determinar a composição isotópica de chumbo e estrôncio nessas substâncias. As substâncias utilizadas nos procedimentos analíticos foram petróleo, gasolina, biodiesel, óleo lubrificante novo e óleo lubrificante usado. As duas últimas foram utilizadas para comparar eventuais mudanças na composição isotópica do chumbo e estrôncio após o seu uso em motores automotivos. Durante os procedimentos laboratoriais procurou-se encontrar as quantidades adequadas de cada tipo de amostra, para garantir a exatidão e precisão dos resultados analíticos. A implementação da metodologia de extração de metais de petróleo e derivados é o ponto central deste trabalho, onde procurou-se desenvolver um procedimento usando a infraestrutura laboratorial existente com segurança. Assim, o procedimento adotado envolveu a secura das amostras, seguida de calcinação para eliminação de matéria orgânica; dissolução da amostras com ácidos inorgânicos; separação cromatográfica do chumbo e estrôncio utilizando resina especifica de Sr (Sr.Spec); e determinação da composição isotópica de chumbo e estrôncio por espectrometria de massa. Após a realização de diversos ensaios verificou-se que as seguintes quantidades seriam adequadas para a análise isotópica de chumbo e estrôncio: petróleo (5 mL), gasolina (20 mL), biodiesel (20 mL), óleo lubrificante usado (5 mL), óleo lubrificante novo (30 mL). As composições isotópicas de chumbo e estrôncio variam dentro de um estreito limite para as substâncias estudadas. No caso do chumbo, com a razão 206Pb/207Pb apresentado os seguintes valores: petróleo (1,156), biodiesel (1,153), gasolina (1,136), óleo lubrificante novo (1,148) e o óleo lubrificante usado (1,138). Para o estrôncio a razão 87Sr/86Sr apresentou os seguintes valores: petróleo (0,70795), biodiesel (0,70896), gasolina (0,70769), óleo lubrificante novo (0,70812) e óleo lubrificante usado (0,70762). Os valores da razão 206Pb/207Pb do petróleo e derivados são semelhantes àqueles determinados na região metropolitana de Belém e atribuídos a fontes antropogências (~1,140) e, bastante distintos dos valores encontrados para fontes geogênicas (~1,192) nesta mesma região. Essas diferenças nos valores da razão 206Pb/207Pb tornam possível o uso da composição isotópica de chumbo para investigar eventual contribuição antropogênica em sedimentos e solos, proveniente do manuseio, armazenamento e transporte de petróleo e derivados. Por sua vez, a comparação da composição isotópica do estrôncio em petróleo e derivados com àquelas de água subterrâneas na região bragantina, no estado do Pará, por meio do parâmetro 87Sr(‰) mostra valores de 87Sr negativos para o petróleo e derivados, enquanto que para a água subterrânea eles são positivos. Considerando a significativa diferença apresentada nos valores de 87Sr acredita-se que a composição isotópica do estrôncio pode ser empregada como uma ferramenta alternativa para o monitoramento de águas subterrâneas em áreas onde ocorre ou ocorreu o processamento, armazenamento e o manuseio de petróleo e derivados.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efetividade das políticas públicas de comando e controle em áreas embargadas por desmatamento ilegal na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-01-31) SILVA, Verissimo Cesar Sousa da; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-318X; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-4477
The pace of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon began to slow dramatically in the mid-2000s, reducing to 4,571 km² in 2012, but this deforestation has tended to increase from 2013 onwards, registering a value of 5,891 km² and reaching, in 2021 , an area of 13,235 km². Although several procedures have been employed to curb illegal deforestation, the public policy that prevails is command and control environmental inspection actions. A major factor that enhances the feeling of disregard for acts harmful to the environment is the total disrespect for the deforested areas that were embargoed and that continue to carry out activities. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the situation of 1,289 polygons in areas embargoed for illegal deforestation in the Amazon in the period from 2008 to 2017 and to know the determining factors that led to (non)compliance with the embargoes. For this, remote sensing techniques were used to identify the different uses and land cover (agriculture, pasture and regeneration) in the embargoed polygons. As a result, it was identified that, of the 1,289 embargoes analyzed, 1,025 (69.2% of the total area) were converted to pasture in 2019, for agriculture 95 embargoes were found equivalent to 17.7% of the entire embargo area . This means that 86.9% of the area is disrespecting the embargo legislation. The variables that were significant in relation to non-compliance were Property Size and CAR Presence, while the variables that maintained a relationship with embargo compliance were Municipal Embargoes, Elevation and Priority Municipalities. It is concluded that, although there are inspection and monitoring actions, it is still very timid to reach the true objective that does not restrict only prosecuting and embargoing areas, but rather, the formulation of actions that develop integrated systems and monitoring to accompany these areas, in order to to verify that environmental laws are being complied with.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Explorando a biodiversidade do rio Xingu: apresentação e validação de um novo equipamento de amostragem de DNA ambiental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-29) BAHIANA, Bruno Gonçalves; KEPPELER, Friedrich Wolfgang; GIARRIZZO, Tommaso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5889416127858884
Knowledge and monitoring of biodiversity are key elements for defining actions and initiatives focused on nature conservation and restoration. However, monitoring techniques are generally expensive and time-consuming, which complicates efforts to identify and manage biological diversity. In this sense, it is essential to investigate new fast, non-invasive and low-cost methods that can provide reliable and robust results and information, highlighting, in this context, approaches based on the use of environmental DNA (eDNA). eDNA is a complex mixture of genetic material originating from entire organisms or parts of them, present in environmental matrices, which can be, for example, soil, water or sediment. This project presents a prototype of a simple and low-cost equipment to obtain eDNA sampling, aiming to explore the richness and composition of the ichthyofauna in the Fish Transposition System of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP), located in the middle course of the Xingu River, a hyperdiverse river located in the Amazon Brazilian. To this end, a new and affordable piece of equipment was manufactured for passive collection of genetic material (eDNA) using a metal structure and two PVC tubes. A flow meter was attached to one of the tubes and two rolls of gauze were firmly attached to the other tube. From the samples, which were collected every two hours over a 24-hour period, a species inventory was generated using a combination of fish-specific molecular markers (Tele02 12S). To validate the equipment and the proposed methodology, the temporal variation in the richness and composition of the fish fauna detected with eDNA were compared with those recorded during monitoring using the Video-Image System located at the exit of the STP. The results indicate that the method was efficient and sampled 100% of the ichthyofauna orders that were recorded in monitoring with SVI, but the similarity between the two methods reduced as taxonomic specificity increased. This result can be explained by the low representation of Xingu species in existing genomic libraries. In this sense, eDNA is a promising approach with great potential to become a valuable tool for studying and monitoring the composition of fish in highly diverse tropical freshwater rivers with affordable costs and minimal impacts on organisms and habitats, but which, in this At the moment, more basic research is needed so that it can replace and/or complement traditional sampling methods.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Integrando conhecimentos locais e armadilhas fotográficas para avaliar a detecção e as características ecológicas que afetam a presença e a abundância de vertebrados médios e grandes no Vale do Xingu, Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10) VULCÃO, Otávio Augusto Pereira Leão; CARVALHO JUNIOR, Elildo Alves Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7456274393700395; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-4356-2954; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-8336
The choice of appropriate methods to observe population changes of species of interest in environmental monitoring is crucial to ensure the sustainability of long-term programs. This is a challenge in assessing medium and large vertebrates due to their ecological importance and relatively high costs for evaluation. In tropical regions, the methods commonly used are transect censuses or camera traps. However, both methods have limitations and can incur high costs and difficult maintenance, especially in megadiverse tropical countries. Including methods based on local ecological knowledge (LEK) can contribute to the sustainability of monitoring programs. We assessed the congruence between detection rates obtained from camera traps and sightings and traces detected through LEK in two protected areas of Eastern Amazonia, comparing detection probabilities and testing the influence of three ecological traits. We observed that, despite an overall positive relationship, the rates obtained by both methods show high variability. For 11 out of 20 species, the probability of detection was greater using the method that identified traces through LEK from local monitors. Among the selected traits, body mass, sociability, and trophic niche, only the last characteristic was significant within our models, indicating a detection capability primarily based on the behavioral patterns of the species. Our results demonstrate the significant ability of local monitors to detect the presence of species of interest, as well as the applicability of LEK in faunal monitoring. We recommend collaborative research strategies and the inclusion of the knowledge and experience of local populations in monitoring and conservation programs in the Amazon and other tropical systems, which are the regions richest in both biological diversity and sociocultural richness.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Plataforma de monitoramento da qualidade das águas residuárias no município de Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-14) SARAIVA, Danielle Pinto; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
Large cities, such as Belém in Pará, require effective control for the monitoring of wastewater, as it can compromise the quality of urban water. A significant portion of these wastewaters is discharged into surface water bodies and could potentially be reused by riverside communities. In this context, utilizing the principles of Industry 4.0 to promote sustainability, cost reduction, and social responsibility, this study aimed to develop the E-Quality platform. This platform serves as a tool for controlling analytical results according to predefined parameters, with the purpose of enhancing environmental monitoring. The digital platform collects existing data, filters and generates graphs for optimized evaluation, examines temporal series, and produces reports on pollutant loads. These reports include data, graphs, and text editing for presentation in printed documents. The study employed sampling data from the year 2015 collected at the Vila da Barca Treatment Plant, provided by UFPA - Federal University of the State of Pará. This real data was used to assess the platform's application, analytically verifying its results for efficiency in removal by the treatment plant, emission values of pollutant loads per ton discharged into the receiving water body throughout the year, and comparisons between Total Nitrogen and Ammonia, BOD and COD, BOD and Phosphorus. Following the evaluation of the stored historical data, the platform's quality filter was utilized. This feature identifies results that deviate from the CONAMA 430 standard and those that do not meet requirements, such as sample storage time or values that exceed predefined limits, as seen in the case of Total Nitrogen and Ammonia data input. From the existing results, it was evident that the platform facilitates data monitoring, control, and management, thereby reducing costs and enhancing data security. As everything generated and added to the platform is stored in the cloud, it provides control over gross errors that could originate from users or collection and analysis procedures. The realtime evaluation of all results, as exemplified by the analysis of data from the Vila da Barca Treatment Plant in Belém, demonstrates the platform's effectiveness in wastewater monitoring.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Plataforma de monitoramento da qualidade de águas superficiais: estudo de caso dos portos de Belém e Barcarena/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-15) CORRÊA, Ítalo Machado; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
Water is the essential input for life and various human activities. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, it brought numerous benefits to humanity; however, it also incurred costs, such as water pollution. One of the tools to curb water contamination is environmental management based on water quality monitoring, guided by laws and environmental indicators. To control and track data for water quality monitoring, the principles of Industry 4.0, considered the fourth industrial revolution, have been applied in recent years. The emergence of these technologies dedicated to water monitoring brings benefits to managers and decision-makers, aiding in the assessment of water resource quality. This allows for a more efficient and reliable approach to collected information. In light of this, this study developed a digital platform for monitoring and diagnosing data related to the environmental control of surface waters. The goal was to address the vast amount of data derived from large cities like Belém and Barcarena. To evaluate the functionality of the tool, areas synonymous with economic and social growth -ports - were chosen in these cities. The platform was created using JavaScript for the web system, and cloud storage utilized the Azure backend and Netlify frontend. The E-quality platform aims to fill the gap in information storage, providing monitoring results in an easy and dynamic manner. By evaluating the behavior of results over months and years through historical data, calculating environmental indices such as IQA and IET from the existing database, the platform assesses and filters gross errors, such as date errors, quantification limits, and assay expiration dates. It also compares the results with relevant legislation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Proposta de manual técnico para elaboração de um programa de monitoramento da qualidade da água subterrânea no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-09) SIQUEIRA, Maria Roberta Cavalcante de; PENNER, Giovanni Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3110276957027781; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0335-5352
Monitoring groundwater is an extremely important activity for diagnosing and controlling potentially polluting activities. Applied to environmental management and control, whether due to a requirement from the regulatory body, through environmental license conditions, it represents a major environmental liability for companies that are not meeting the requirements demanded by these respective regulatory bodies. Activities that can cause changes in groundwater require periodic monitoring to ensure the maintenance of environmental quality, as they are standardized and require standards, manuals and regulations. This respective manual was conducted based on standards from the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards ABNT), international legislation, monitoring manuals and solutions on water quality applicable to the topic, as well as collections made up of monitoring wells within the Campus of the Federal University of Pará, in Belém (experimental area of this research). To this end, disposable Bailer samplers and measurements were used using the low flow system, aiming to define clear guidelines and rules for carrying out the activities involved in the process, as well as commenting on other devices that could be used for collection. of groundwater samples. At the end, a manual of good practices was proposed as a way of ordering and guiding the groundwater monitoring process. It is expected that this proposed technical manual will serve as a reference for groundwater collection, as given the concern within the State of Pará, it is extremely important to organize effective action and forward solutions to this environmental problem. Additionally, this manual is intended to be a purposeful document, and can be useful in environmental monitoring in different polluting activities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Qualidade das águas superficiais e subterrâneas das microbacias do Cumaru e São João, nordeste paraense.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-08-31) MENEZES, Luciana Gonçalves Creão de; FIGUEIREDO, Ricardo de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2388049759708934; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0933-4854; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187
The present study aimed to characterize the quality of surface and underground waters of the watersheds of the Cumaru and São João streams, through the most important physical-chemical and biological parameters, relating the results to the use and occupation of the soil in the region. For water monitoring, 6 similar land use systems were selected for the two microbasins, being fallow vegetation, Agroforestry System (SAF), planting area prepared for slash and burn, planting area prepared for cut and crunch, Pasture and Vegetation Ripary. In these, three surface water collection stations were established in the Cumaru stream micro-basin and four stations in the São João stream micro-basin, as well as thirty (30) observation wells (piezometers) were drilled. The variables analyzed were: Precipitation, temperature, flow, pH, EC, turbidity, DO, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3-, PO43-, SO42-, DOC, DIC, TN, Thermotolerant coliforms and OBD. Collections were carried out monthly. Subsequently, 97 socio-environmental questionnaires were applied to communities living in the two microbasins. The main results obtained revealed that the waters of the two studied watersheds are characterized as acid and have low dissolution of inorganic ions, especially Cl- and Na+ ions, which presented the highest concentrations observed throughout the study, characterizing them predominantly as Sodium Chlorinated and Chlorinated Mixed. The springs were less impacted in relation to the other stretches in the two microbasins, in the order NasSJ > NasC. The practice of preparing the soil based on the burning of the area, is notably, one of the main sources of changes in water quality, followed by the removal of fragments of secondary vegetation for implantation of pastures and use of water for other purposes (recreation and dumping of domestic sewage). For the surface waters of the ICU microbasin, the AF/ACP technique generated three components (84.22%), being Nutritional (DOC, DIC, Na+, NH4+, Ca2+, Cl- and PO43-), biological (thermotolerant coliforms) and physicochemical (pH, CE and DO). For the surface waters of the ISJ microbasin, the technique generated two components (85.08%), being Nutritional (Na+, NH4+, Ca2+, Cl- and PO43-) and biological (thermotolerant coliforms). The perception of the interviewed communities regarding the environmental quality of the area is revealed to be vulnerable, representing potential impacts on the health of residents, and on the environment in which they live.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Utilização de dados de sensores remotos para o mapeamento dos índices e sensibilidades ambiental a derramamento de óleo na Baía de Guajará, Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) GONÇALVES, Fabrício Dias; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252
In spite of the increasing performance of operational safety technology in exploration, production and transportation of petroleum, the risk of accidents is still present and the corresponding impacts are a threat for coastal zones throughout the world. The largest oil spills in the world have been ecologically devastating due to the destruction of wildlife. Natural resources in the Guajará Bay (Belém-PA, Amazonian) are threatened by several human activities, such as industrial pollution by heavy metals and urban effluents that are daily spilled there. In addition, the location of the Miramar petrochemistry terminal in the vicinities of Belém constitutes a risk for potential oil spills. Ships and tankers that daily cross the bay also represent an environmental threat. The aim of this work is to carry out an environmental sensitivity index (ESI) analysis of the Amazonian coast for oil spills, and to provide an environmental sensitivity index map for the region. With this objective in mind, the ESI was analysed for the region using the method proposed for NOAA (2002) and Petrobras (2002), in order to develop a new approach that consider the uniqueness of the coastal environment of the Amazonian Region. The method used to develop an environmental sensitivity index map considers an integrated analysis of the coastal environment and includes digital image processing of remote sensing data, in this case, RADARSAT-1 Wide-1 and LANDSAT-7 ETM+ images, as well as the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) and field surveys focusing on geomorphology, topography, sedimentology and social-economics. This approach allowed an accurate analysis of ESI for potential oil spills, based on an environmental georeferenced data base. As a result, seven landscape units were identified, ESI corresponding to the following values: i) solid man-made structure - ESI 1B; ii) cliff - ESI 3; iii) beach - ESI 4; iv) sheltered man-made structure - ESI 8B; v) tidal mudflat - ESI 9B; vi) mangrove - ESI 10A; vii) freshwater marsh - 10B. The use of remote sensing technologies and GIS together with the field work, proved to be a powerful combination to assess the geomorphology in the study area and therefore, to establish environmental sensibility indexes for oil spills. These procedures were helpful to define priority areas to be protected in case of oil spills.