Navegando por Assunto "Monocultivo"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Artropodofauna associada a diferentes sistemas de cultivo de açaizeiro no nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-31) RIBEIRO, Suelem Moreira; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887
The açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is an important crop for Pará agribusiness for reaching new consumer markets in Brazil and in different countries. However, the growing commercial expansion that açaí has shown in recent years has reflected also in the significant increase in its acreage, which may result in the incidence of insect pests associated with these agroecosystems, thus requiring research actions focused on the alternative management and control of these biotic constraints. Simultaneously, new models of fruit crops have been tested successfully in the state of Pará, highlighting, among them, Agroforestry Systems (AFSs), aimed at increasing the number of crops (annual, permanent and / or forestry) implanted in an area. Among the benefits of AFSs stands out for its potential to maintain and multiply diversified beneficial entomofauna when compared to monocultures. Therefore, this study aimed to understand and compare the biodiversity of arthropods associated with the açaí palm in different cropping systems of the family farm in the northeast of Pará. It was analyzed three areas, two AFSs areas that had açaí palm as one of the main crops in the Marapanim town and an area of açaí monoculture, in the Igarapé-Açu town. In each area were implanted 45 Pitfall traps, which were equally distributed in three subareas: (a) near the açaí palm plants inside the plantation; (b) in the secondary forest around the crops; and (c) in the transition area between cultivation and secondary forest. Samples were collected into four distinct periods, one in the rainy season (CH), a transition period between the rainy and dry (CH / SE), one in the dry season (SE) and another collection corresponding to the transition period between dry and rainy (SE / CH). The insects biodiversity assessments were made in the soil (Pitfall traps). Arthropods (insect pests and natural enemies and spiders) collected in the field were stored in plastic containers (150 mL) containing 70% alcohol, and transported to the Entomology Laboratory of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, where they were sorted, quantified and identified taxonomically . It was concluded that the periods of the year that most favor the presence of soil arthropods, regardless of crop fields, are the transition periods CH / SE and SE / CH. There was also a reduction in the population of ants in the three areas of secondary forest analyzed, and the gender Solenopsis (Westwood), Wasmannia (Forel) and Azteca (Forel) the most frequent in these areas. The area with açaí monoculture has a higher abundance of ants than the two AFSs analyzed. The spider family Lycosidae was found most frequently in this study, with the most abundant being Pacovosa gender. Agroforestry systems, if properly managed, form conducive environment for the arthropods species diversity like spiders and ants, which are admittedly efficient organisms in natural control of insect pests in crops. Transition periods grouped more individuals, followed by AFS area located in the Marapanim town, which represents the area most changed among the analyzed areas. Secondary forests are areas with smaller grouping of individuals and smaller gender diversity of ants and spiders.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dendê é Reflorestamento? Percepção de diferentes atores envolvidos na agroindústria do dendê no Nordeste Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-11-20) TAVARES, Paula Izadora do Egyto; MOTA, Dalva Maria da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4129724001987611
This master’s thesis analyzes how family farmers integrated into the oil palm agro-industry perceive reforestation processes. This theme came about through the suggestion that the implementation of the national program for the production and use of biodiesel (pnpb) for agrofuel production in brazil would bring forth environmental benefits. The program was the main driver of oil palm expansion in the amazonian state of pará. Among its guidelines, it is stated that the oil palm cultivation is sustainable and a possible means of recuperating degraded areas through reforestation. Research for this study included the collection of secondary and primary data in the municipality of irituia, located in the northeastern region of pará. It also included data collection on the history of reforestation in brazil. Environmental laws and scientific papers were reviewed to analyze under which circumstances reforestation is recommended and implemented, and the concepts and definitions employed in these discussions. Results are presented in two articles. The first analyzes the arrival of oil palm cultivation in irituia and local actors’ initial reactions, describing their motivations for adopting or rejecting this activity. The second reveals actors’ perceptions surrounding notions of reforestation according to different world views. The study concludes that oil palm cultivation in irituia was received with divergent attitudes that persist until today between those who defend the activity and those who oppose it. Some view it as a way to earn income and improve their quality of life, while others, who oppose the activity, believe that the activity is not fitting to the local reality. Regarding reforestation, interested groups worked to legalize oil palm cultivation to fit into this category. Farmers who compare current oil palm areas with the previous land-use types (pastures or young fallows) believe that it is pertinent to claim that oil palm fulfils the role of reforestation, since oil palm plantations provide benefits, such as shade, improving the micro-climate and hosting animals, even if they are limited to rodents, snakes and spiders.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Nosso canto é aqui! Quilombolas de Santa Maria do Traquateua frente a interesses do poder privado em Jambuaçu/Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-07-07) ALVES, Suely Rodrigues; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
We approach, in this study, part of the history of a rural black community called Santa Maria of Traquateua, in the municipality of Moju, State of Pará, that by incorporating ethnic factors in the struggle for land, define themselves as remaining of quilombo. Having the Earth as a nucleating category, in which they practice the common use of the natural resources, we investigate the process of this community resistance against the conflicts with private power companies, especially monoculture form of palm oil and mining companies on its territory (which started since late of 70s). This study was developed, following the critical thinking, starting from the field theory of Pierre Bourdieu and dialoguing with the concepts of traditional peoples, peasants and development. The methodology included a literature review, documentary consultation and field study followed by interviews. The analysis led us to conclude that, in spite of facing the changes and intervention of economic agents on their territory and even in front of expropriation process of their social reproduction conditions (whether territorial, socio-economical or cultural), the community rebuilds strategies to ensure their permanence in the place of ancestral occupation. Thus, in this sense, the resistance as a way of life is peasant and quilombola.