Navegando por Assunto "Neoplasias gastrointestinais"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da toxicidade e correlação com polimorfismos no gene de reparo X-RCC1 em pacientes com neoplasias do trato gastrointestinal submetidos a radio e quimioterapia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-12-18) SOUZA, Paulo Gustavo Cavalcanti de; ASSUMPÇÃO, Paulo Pimentel de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7323606327039876; SANTOS, Ney Pereira Carneiro dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1290427033107137
The intestine tract neoplasms consist in an important problem of Brazil’s health as consequence of its incidence and mortality. Radiotherapy plays a fundamental work as part of gastric and rectal cancer treatment. The vastly background in radiobiology and the recently advances in the comprehension of molecular mechanisms involved in the behaviour of tumour cells and the normal tissues to ionizing radiation has been demonstrating the importance of repair DNA genes. The gene XRCC-1 plays an important work repairing ionizing lesions, working in the answers of single strand break through repairing by base excision. XRCC-1 base polymorphisms can influence the answer of radiotherapy’s answer, in the same way the toxicity showed on them. In the present study we analysed the toxicity of gastric and rectal cancer patients submitted to radiation treatment and chemotherapy and its relation with the occurrence of specifics polymorphisms of XRCC-1 GENE, C194T (rs1799782) and INDEL 4 bp GGCC (rs3213239). Our data showed a general toxicity rate of 64,5 %, but only 24,5 % were grade 3 or 4. The specific toxicity grade 3 or 4 rate were 16,3 % diarrhea, 6 % dermatitis and 6 % nausea. We did not find and correlation between the polymorphisms C194T (rs1799782) and INDEL (rs1799782) and the rate of toxicity found, except when we evaluated patients with gastric and rectal cancer separately. In the latter group, the allele T of C194T was associated with a higher incidence of nausea, with a 10,5 fold risk and a p value of 0,03. Although this positive correlation, we believe that the number of patients in our study was insufficient to a more accurate correlation between toxicity and polymorphisms.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do polimorfismo INDEL no gene TYMS em associação a resposta quanto ao uso de fluoropirimidinas em pacientes portadores de neoplasias do trato gastrointestinal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-26) COSTA, Danielle Feio da; SANTOS, Ney Pereira Carneiro dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1290427033107137
Cancer is a public health problem worldwide, with an estimated of 27 million new cases and 17 million cancer deaths in 2030. In Brazil, estimates for cancer in 2014, indicate the occurrence of approximately 580 000 new cases. Fluoropyrimidines are used in the main chemotherapy regimens targeted to tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, much has been investigated on causes of different individual responses to chemotherapy.Thus, it has been sought an individualized therapy that can maximize drug efficacy and minimize adverse effects associated with drugs. We aimed to seek the association of an INDEL polymorphism (rs16430) in TYMS gene with the pattern of response to chemotherapy drugs based on fluoropyrimidines, in order to contribute to the development of personalized medicine. We studied 151 samples of cancer patients treated with fluoropyrimidine, from a population of the Brazilian Amazon region with high interethnic admixture. An INDEL polymorphism (rs16430) was genotyped in TYMS gene that is involved in the response to treatment using fluoropyrimidines. The research reported that most patients had advanced disease at diagnosis, of which 32.7% were treated with palliative intent, and 22.8% neoadjuvant treatment. Our results show that the INDEL polymorphism in the TYMS gene appears to have a protective effect on tumor progression (p = 0.033). Patients treated with fluoropyrimidine who were wild homozygous (INS / INS) had a 24% protection to tumor progression compared to other genotypes of this polymorphism. Estimates of global genetic ancestry of the sample investigated were: 62.4% European, 25.2% Amerindian and 12.4% African. It was possible to establish an inverse correlation between the increase of Amerindian ancestry and metastasis (p = 0.024). Pharmacogenetic studies can provide a personalized therapy toxicity reducing mortality and improving therapeutic efficacy, thereby providing a cancer therapy with better clinical results.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Câncer gastrointestinal: dificuldades para o acesso ao diagnóstico e tratamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-01-24) MARQUES, Meib Nascimento; MÓIA, Lizomar de Jesus Maués Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8335502787825672
Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract has its importance in mortality profile of Brazil, being among the ten most incidents in the country. Early detection ensures better life quality for cancer patients, but often these arrive at treatment centers in advanced stage of the disease. The study investigates the difficulties of access to diagnosis and treatment for patients with gastrointestinal cancer treated by the Unified Health System. To this end, we performed a descriptive, in the form of a questionnaire survey observational database of patients undergoing treatment were collected in two public hospitals in Belém, in the period from March to June 2013.. Fulfilled the inclusion criteria 122 patients were grouped in different trajectories. In addition, were also obtained information registered in the records of these patients. The analysis of the data obtained showed that the diagnosis of the disease in 68.1% was held by the general practitioner; the greatest difficulty at that stage, was access to diagnostic tests, because spending generating the majority of patients (68.9%) did not carry out specialized examinations through the Unified Health System, but with its own resources. In the centers/units of references in Oncology, the difficulties reported by 56 patients begin with the appointment of medical consultation, schedule delay occurring by the institution for 94.6% of these patients. The lack of bed for hospitalization was cited as the biggest obstacle (54.4%) to start surgical therapy, particularly for gastric cancer and colon and rectum. The analysis of the trajectories followed by patients, since the beginning of the symptoms until the attendance in the references reveals that the diagnosis of the disease in 50% of patients occurred only 10 months after the start of symptoms, and the treatment began only after 90 days of diagnosis. The time that patients remain symptomatic without a diagnosis impacts negatively on the prognosis. In this research, the cases of gastric cancer and colon and rectum were diagnosed late (stage IV and IIIB) and therefore the treatment did not occur within desirable.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estado nutricional e marcadores clínico-bioquímicos em indivíduos portadores de carcinoma gastrointestinal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-11-04) MIRANDA, Tayana Vago de; ARAÚJO, Marília de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9371703949781020
The nutritional status of patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma is frequently affected, being aggravated by the carcinogenesis that promote activation of the inflammatory process and subsequent activation of the immune system, with production of cytokines and acute phase proteins, such as C-reactive protein, which results in hypermetabolism, accelerating weight loss and progresses to cachexia. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional status and biochemical-clinical markers in patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma, treated at Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto (HUJBB), in Belém-PA. Was conducted a descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study involving patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma treated at HUJBB from december 2013 to july 2014. Nutritional assessment was conducted by anthropometric parameters, which included body mass index (BMI), percentage weight loss (%PWL), arm circumference (AC), arm muscle circumference (AMC), arm muscle area corrected (CAMA), triceps skinfold thickness (TST) and muscle adductor pollicis (MAP), biochemical parameters, by classifying hemoglobin, total lymphocyte count (TLC), albumin, transferrin, index-inflammatory nutritional prognosis (IPIN ) and subjective parameters, using the subjective global assessment produced by the patient (ASG-PPP), besides the identification and classification of cachexia. 44 patients were evaluated, 63.3% were male with a mean age of 61.2 years (±13.3); 95.50% were natural of Pará, 45.50% living in the countryside, 50.00% had incomplete education in primary and 52.30% had no family income. 63.60% of the patients evaluated, had stomach cancer; of these, 50.00% were in clinical stage IV and 73.30% in surgical treatment, with an average hospital stay of 45.85 days (± 32.97). In nutritional assessment was obtained 20.50% eutrophy in adults and 42.30% for seniors through BMI, however, in isolated assessment of muscle and fat compartments, there was 59.10% of severe depletion by of CAMA, 54.50% by the TST, 75.00% with the presence of depletion in AC and 68.18% in AMC. Severe weight loss was observed in 61.36% of the patients and in the MAP was obtained higher prevalence of moderate depletion (30.20%). At biochemical parameters, there was severe reduction in hemoglobin to 61.40% of patients, slight depletion of CTL in 56.80%, 47.70% for albumin and 45.50% with moderate depletion in transferrin. In the assessment of IPIN, was obtained medium risk complication for 56.80% of the patients. In ASG-PPP, 63.60% of patients were classified into severe malnutrition and the presence of symptomatic cachexia, was 54.50%. With regard to the correlation analysis, it was found that there was a positive and significant correlation of BMI with AMC, AC, TST, CAMA, MAP and hemoglobin; AMC with AC, and CAMA; AC with TST, CAMA, MAP, and hemoglobin; TST, CAMA; CAMA with MAP. In the principal component analysis, it was found as the most sensitive methods to detect malnutrition the assessment of AC, CAMA, AMC, BMI, TST, MAP, IPIN and evaluation of cachexia. Thus, the results obtained in this study indicate the nutritional impairment in patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma by different parameters, thus demonstrating that malnutrition occurs globally, with loss of both adipose tissue, muscle tissue as well as changes biochemical level.