Navegando por Assunto "Neuropsicologia"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Condicionamento físico e desempenho em testes neuropsicológicos em adultos jovens
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-12-21) TOMÁS, Alessandra Mendonça; DINIZ, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2014918752636286; SÓSTHENES, Márcia Consentino Kronka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7881527576747420
Brazil is a country in demographic transition period and significantly increased population over 65 years, which requires changes in public policies for health. The early onset of specific care to young adult population with a view to successful aging may represent future reduction of public and lower incidence of diseases associated with aging expenses such as dementias. To provide grants to health policies based on evidence, this study investigated the effects of physical fitness on performance in automated neuropsychological tests selected for measurement of learning functions, visuospatial memory and language. We evaluated 109 healthy young adults of both sexes, submitted to an interview; global cognitive assessment using the Mini Mental State Examination, language tests (including verbal fluency and word list of CERAD drums) and automated neuropsychological tests (Cantab Battery); assessment of physical fitness (indirect assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness, strength of lower limbs, agility assessment, measurement surround and anthropometric indices). Based on multivariate statistics by cluster analysis (Ward method, Euclidean distance) three groups divided volunteers, matched for age and education, to make up the ANOVA criterion or the Kruskal-Wallis, in the event of samples with unequal variances. In addition, the correlation analysis was performed, principal components and discriminant analysis, which showed that the cardiorespiratory fitness was the variable that most contributed to the formation of clusters. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05 values. Significant differences were found in the semantic verbal fluency tests; in physical fitness tests including resting heart rate, cardiorespiratory fitness, lower limb strength and agility assessment and neuropsychological tests of Cantab Battery (paired learning - PAL and reaction time - RTI). The correlation analysis showed only weak correlations. The results obtained in this study indicate that fitness young adult practitioners or no regular exercise cannot predict performance on neuropsychological tests. However, the fitness shown to be associated with better performance on attention tasks, visuospatial memory and learning, measured through the PAL and RTI.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influence of schooling and age on cognitive performance in healthy older adults
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03) TORRES, Natáli Valim Oliver Bento; TORRES NETO, João Bento; TOMÁS, Alessandra Mendonça; COSTA, Victor Oliveira; CORRÊA, Paola Geaninne Reis; COSTA, Carmelina de Nazaré Monteiro da; JARDIM, Naina Yuki Vieira; DINIZ, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço
Few studies have examined the influence of a low level of schooling on age-related cognitive decline in countries with wide social and economic inequalities by using the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB). The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of schooling on age-related cognitive decline using unbiased cognitive tests. CANTAB allows cognitive assessment across cultures and education levels with reduced interference of the examiner during data acquisition. Using two-way ANOVA, we assessed the influences of age and education on test scores of old adults (61–84 years of age). CANTAB tests included: Visual Sustained Attention, Reaction Time, Spatial Working Memory, Learning and Episodic Memory. All subjects had a minimum visual acuity of 20/30 (Snellen Test), no previous or current history of traumatic brain/head trauma, stroke, language impairment, chronic alcoholism, neurological diseases, memory problems or depressive symptoms, and normal scores on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Subjects were grouped according to education level (1 to 7 and ≥8 years of schooling) and age (60–69 and ≥70 years). Low schooling level was associated with significantly lower performance on visual sustained attention, learning and episodic memory, reaction time, and spatial working memory. Although reaction time was influenced by age, no significant results on post hoc analysis were detected. Our findings showed a significantly worse cognitive performance in volunteers with lower levels of schooling and suggested that formal education in early life must be included in the preventive public health agenda. In addition, we suggest that CANTAB may be useful to detect subtle cognitive changes in healthy aging.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Marcadores funcionais da atividade elétrica do córtex cerebral para identificar atrasos no desenvolvimento de funções executivas no córtex pré-frontal em adolescentes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-10-30) MIRANDA, Daisy Silva; AMORIM, Ana Karla Jansen de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1231124517027635; PEREIRA JÚNIOR, Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1402289786010170
Human cognition results from the interaction among genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Several studies have shown that the prefrontal cortex (CPF) is a critical region for human intelligence. This region has a long maturation period that ends in early adulthood. Previous studies have shown that the amplitude of high frequency waves recorded by resting-EEG correlates inversely with the degree of maturation of cortical circuits. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the power of different EEG frequency bands with the performance on the WISC-IV scale (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children), which measures intellectual capacity, in adolescents. Subjects (N = 23) aged 12-16 years and 11 months underwent resting-EEG recordings for 5-10 minutes and were subsequently tested with the WISC-IV scale. Our results show that alpha power correlates negatively with IMO in parietal (RH and LH), occipital (RH and LH), and central (RH) regions. The IQ correlates negatively with alpha power in the temporal (RH), parietal (RH and LH), occipital (RH and LH), and central (RH) regions. Theta power correlates negatively with WM and IQ in temporal (LH), parietal (RH and LH), and occipital (RH and LH) regions. In genre analysis we observed that the correlation between power in the alpha and theta bands and cognitive indices occurs in both hemispheres for females, but not males
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Semelhanças cognitivas inesperadas entre idosos e jovens: variabilidade e desempenho cognitivo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08) JARDIM, Naina Yuki Vieira; TORRES, Natáli Valim Oliver Bento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1927198788019996; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0978-211X; DINIZ, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2014918752636286
Interindividual variability in cognitive performances has been investigated as they may provide important clues about the multivariate age-related cognitive decline. In the present work, we searched for cognitive variability, similarities, and differences between older and young people. For this, we used hierarchical cluster and canonical discriminant function analysis of cognitive scores using specific and sensitive tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychology Test Automated Battery - CANTAB. Among 415 tested volunteers, three distinct cognitive groups were found, mainly based on working memory and episodic memory scores: group 1 (94% young adults) was composed almost exclusively of young adults, while groups 2 (82% older adults) and 3 (95% older adults) were composed predominantly of older adults. Although group 1was the youngest group with the highest level of education compared to the other groups, 18% of young people shared similar performances with older group 2 while 5% shared cognitive similarities with group 3. As compared to group 1, predominantly older groups 2 and 3 had equally lower scores in working memory, but as compared to group 3, group 2 showed greater performances in reaction time, sustained attention, and episodic memory. When the hierarchical cluster and discriminant function analyzes were limited to the same age group, we found 4 and 5 distinct clusters among young adults and older people respectively. Episodic memory, sustained attention, and reaction time most contributed to group formation in the older, while working memory and sustained attention contributed to cluster formation of young adults. Cognitive variability across subjects showed significant dispersion in rapid visual processing, spatial working memory, reaction time, and paired associated learning. The comparative analysis of these differences showed that they do not occur in the same direction and magnitude between individuals, cognitive domains, and tasks. We found that older adults with greater education and a more active lifestyle must have greater cognitive reserve and, therefore, deviated less from the reference group of young adults. Taken together, our data highlight the importance of studying variability as an instrument for the early detection of subtle cognitive declines and to interpret results that deviate from normality.