Navegando por Assunto "Neurotoxicologia"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alterações oxidativas e inflamatórias induzidas pela dapsona no sangue e no córtex pré-frontal de camundongos: efeitos do ácido alfa-lipóico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-14) GOMES, Bruno Alexandre Quadros; MONTEIRO, Marta Chagas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6710783324317390
Dapsone (DDS), a drug used in leprosy multidrug therapy, can cause many adverse reactions and intoxications, inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance in the redox state, increase methemoglobin (MetHb) formation, hemolysis and release of heme and iron free, which may interfere with redox homeostasis in more vulnerable regions, such as prefrontal cortex (PFC), causing neurotoxicity and even neuroinflammation. In this sense, antioxidant compounds with chelating properties such as α-lipoic acid (ALA) may play a key role in combating or preventing these alterations. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the effect of DDS on MetHb formation, peripheral oxidative stress, and oxidative changes and neuroinflammation in PFC, as well as, effects of ALA. For this, was induced MetHb formation in Swiss mice with DDS 40mg/kg ip for 5 days. Two hours after DDS administration, ALA was given at two concentrations (12.5 and 25 mg/kg). Besides MetHb percentage, total equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and iron concentrations in blood and PFC were evaluated, as well as, IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-4 cytokine concentrations, and de F4/80+, GFAP, and BDNF expression in PFC. Our results show that DDS induces the MetHb formation in red blood cells of mice, however, ALA was able to prevent or reverse the oxidation of hemoglobin induced by DDS at two used concentrationns. DDS reduced antioxidant capacity (TEAC) in plasma and red blood cells; decreased erythrocyte GSH, CAT, and SOD; and increased TBARS and plasma iron; however, ALA at two concentrations increased or reestablished TEAC in plasma and red blood cells at baseline levels. In addition to increasing or reestablishing GSH levels, SOD, and CAT in red blood cells, and decreased TBARS and iron levels, mainly in euthanized animals 4h after treatment. Curiously ALA 50mg/kg increased plasma iron concentrations. The treatment with DDS 40mg/kg also reduced TEAC, GSH, SOD e CAT in the PFC of the mice and increased TBARS and iron, characterizing oxidative stress, mainly in euthanized animals in 24h after treatment. Treatment with ALA increased or restored TEAC and GSH; and increased SOD and CAT in 12,5mg/kg concentration in euthanized animals 4h after treatment, as well as reducing TBARS levels and decreasing or preventing iron overload, mainly in euthanized animals 24h after treatment. DDS also promoting microglial and astrocyte activation in PFC, through F4/80+ e GFAP expression., with increased IL-1β and IL-4 production, and BDNF reduction, on the other hand, ALA 25mg/kg reduced GFAP and IL-1β expression, besides increased BDNF, suggesting that DDS also can cause neuroinflammation, and ALA presents antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against toxicity caused by DDS. These results suggest that ALA is promising and plays an important role in the prevention and/or formation of MetHb, reestablishment of redox balance and iron concentrations in both blood and PFC. Thus, ALA may be a usefull adjuvant therapy in DDS-induced toxicity, with lower toxicity and increasing adherence to treatment of leprosy patients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impairment of color spatial vision in chronic alcoholism measured by psychophysical methods
(2009-12) CASTRO, Antonio José de Oliveira; RODRIGUES, Anderson Raiol; CÔRTES, Maria Izabel Tentes; SILVEIRA, Luiz Carlos de Lima
We used psychophysical tests to evaluate spatial vision in 15 subjects with a clinical history of chronic alcoholism by measuring luminance contrast sensitivity and color discrimination. The subjects were initially subjected to clinical inquiry and ophthalmological exam. Subjects then performed psychophysical tests to measure spatial contrast thresholds using sine wave gratings of different spatial frequencies and contrasts and chromatic discrimination thresholds using the Mollon-Reffin test. For the analysis, subjects were divided into three groups according to age and compared with age-matched controls. Ten subjects had some degree of color vision loss, which was quite severe in seven cases. All subjects had normal luminance contrast sensitivity. The results suggest that color vision changes related to chronic alcoholism can occur in the absence of impairment of spatial luminance contrast sensitivity and thus is an important aspect to be considered in the clinical evaluation of this condition.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigação dos efeitos bioquímicos, proteômicos e estruturais da exposição prolongada ao cloreto de mercúrio sobre a medula espinhal de ratos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-09) CORRÊA, Márcio Gonçalves; LIMA, Rafael Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3512648574555468; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1486-4013
Mercury chloride (HgCl2) is a pollutant widely found in the environment. This form of mercury is able to promote several damages to the Central Nervous System (CNS), including changes to the motor cortex, an area related to the planning and execution of motor activity. However, the effects of HgCl2 on the spinal cord, an important pathway for the communication between the CNS and the periphery, are still unknown. We exposed adult rats for 45 days to HgCl2, orally, to investigate the effects on oxidative biochemistry, proteomic profile, and spinal cord structures. Our results showed that exposure to this metal promoted increased levels of Hg in the medullary parenchyma, impaired oxidative biochemistry, changes in antioxidant system proteins, energy metabolism and myelin structure; as well as caused disruption in the myelin sheath and reduction in neuronal density. Thus, we conclude that prolonged exposure to HgCl2 triggers biochemical changes and in the expression of several proteins, resulting in damage to the myelin sheath and reduction of neurons in the spinal cord, which may be related to motor damage. Keywords: