Navegando por Assunto "Neutralization sludge"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Craqueamento termocatalítico da borra de neutralização do óleo de palma (Elaeis guineensis) em escala piloto
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-21) ABREU, Deise Hellen Soares de; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456
The byproducts of oil refining industries and biodiesel, as the dregs of neutralization are quite extensive and due to their low economic value and purity are a problem for these industries in the culling and disposal, are of fundamental interest for the use of this research reject. Therefore, this work aims to investigate a viable, economic and environmental fate of this byproduct using Termocatalítico Cracking Process of Neutralization Sludge Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jaqc) pilot scale using 5, 10 and 15% sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as catalyst and final temperatures of 440 ° C and 420 ° C. The sludge was obtained by the neutralization process and subjected to a dehydration and characterized as the catalyst was dried in an oven and characterized in relation to the X-ray diffraction, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (TDA). Five tests were performed in termocatalítico cracking Cracking Pilot Plant (THERMTEK / FEQ / UFPA) which consists in a reactor with mechanical agitation and capacity 125 liters, and the dynamics of the process and distillation of cracking. The organic liquid product (PLO), samples of the dynamics of the process and the distillation fractions were characterized according to each standard required by ANP N°65 and analyzed by IR and NMR. After analysis of the results showed that the efficiency of the process increases with temperature and catalyst and the feedstock provides products of low acidity and good characteristics for use as fuel. By analyzing the thermodynamic realized that some of the process parameters such as viscosity, flash point and density decrease with increasing time and temperature, forming lighter hydrocarbons. Regarding distillation fractions in the heavier tracks resemble diesel oil in most of the parameters required by the ANP Nº 65.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do processo de craqueamento termocatalítico da borra de neutralização do óleo de palma para produção de biocombustível
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04-17) SANTOS, Marcelo Costa; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
The Soap phase residue derived from refining vegetable oils are agro-industrial residues obtained after the neutralization stage of vegetable oils, which are aggregate low-value material, in addition to being an environmental liability for agribusiness thus is becoming increasingly attractive the use of these residues as raw material for generation bio-fuels. This work studies the neutralization sludge of palm oil as an alternative raw material, from the point of view, economic and environmental to the process of catalytic and Thermic-catalytic cracking. Initially were carried experiments of Thermic and catalytic cracking of the neutralization sludge and palm oil (in one reactor) and catalytic tests (the second reactor coupled in the first decarboxylation) both in bench scale; experiments were perfomed of the thermic-catalytic and catalytic (only in semi-pilot scale) of the neutralization sludge in the semi-pilot and pilot scale using different types of catalysts (Na2CO3, CaCO3, activated alumina, zeolite HY, HZSM-5, and FCC). The organic liquid product (OLP) obtained and the fractions obtained from the distillation in bench and pilot scale were characterized and compared with the current standard. The results obtained in laboratory scale have shown that the activated alumina catalyst provided the highest yield in wet basis (83.70%), with palm oil as raw material, however, the bio-fuel obtained Na2CO3 had a better quality how much the physicochemical characteristics. . In the semi-pilot scale, the highest yield was the thermal experiment of the sludge (78.36%), followed by the experiment with 5% activated alumina (71.47%), but the use of Na2CO3 showed better quality in the how much the physicochemical characteristics.The experiments in the pilot scale showed the highest yield (71%) obtained with 15% Na2CO3 at a temperature of 440 ° C. The results of the chromatographic analysis of this OLP obtained in the pilot scale confirmed that the percentage increase in the catalyst enabled the formation of a OLP rich in hydrocarbonate (91.22%) containing aliphatic, olefinic, naphthenic, aromatic and low amounts of oxygenates (8 , 78%). While in the distillation of PLO of the Experiment 5 makes possible to get fractions rich in hydrocarbons and without oxygenates compounds.