Navegando por Assunto "Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 1844-1900"

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Composições estéticas entre Schiller e Nietzsche sobre a formação humana: contribuições à prática educativa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) SILVA, Ivys de Alcântara; COSTA, Gilcilene Dias da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2934771644021042
When talking about aesthetics what is the first image that comes to mind? To each person we ask this question we may have a different answer, due to the plasticity of the term. In the face of this plasticity, the present research has as main point to discuss the role of aesthetics in human formation, weaving a compositional interlude between some aspects of two philosophical theories that compare the importance of art and human formation from the aesthetic point of view, namely, the aesthetic of Friedrich von Schiller presented mainly in his works Letters Upon The Aesthetic Education of Man and Naive and sentimental Poetry, as well as the aesthetic theory of Friedrich Nietzsche diluted in works such as The Birth of Tragedy, Philosophy in the tragic age of the greeks and Human, all too human. The debate made between these thinkers and their aesthetic perspectives will cross their main conceptions about aesthetics, trying to glimpse at what points these philosophical theories are, for a possible visualization of aesthetics as an element amalgamated to the formative practices. Faced with this, and taking the aesthetic as the cornerstone of the full formation of the human being, a pillar that has been buried, we have the task of emphasizing its formative value in education. Through the sensitive prism of these thinkers, we will see the beam of light that will help us reflect on how aesthetics is amalgamated into education, understood here broadly as formation.
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O conceito de psicologia em humano, demasiado humano I
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-14) REMÍGIO, Luan José Silva; CHAVES, Ernani Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5741253213910825
The present work aims to explore the concept of psychology as presented in Human, all too human. The formulation of this concept is closely linked to the Nietzschean philosophical project of historical philosophy inaugurated in 1878. This enterprise criticizes the traditional philosophy based on scientific knowledge, which is again valued from the work of 1878. The psychology elaborated by Nietzsche departs from that elaborated by metaphysics, since the philosopher starts from different presuppositions of the tradition when rejecting the body/soul duality and the supremacy of the intelligible over the sensible, when attaching greater importance to the sensitive. Most important, too, is the friendship begun with Paul Rée that will present the French moralists of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to the German philosopher. The Duke of La Rochefoucauld, one of these French thinkers, is fundamental for the elaboration of his "psychological observations", as well as the studies on physiology, intensified thereafter. Thus, psychological analysis is necessary to denounce ideals, theoretical, practical and aesthetic as human fictions, too human.
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Considerações sobre o ator: uma introdução ao projeto nietzschiano da fisiologia da arte
(2007) CHAVES, Ernani Pinheiro
Together with the project of revaluation of all values, the schema of a "physiology of art" gains a central role in Nietzsche's last writings. That's a perspective that supposes a defeat both of the "artist's metaphysics" of the initial period and of the critique of romanticism that characterizes a second moment. Taking as a starting point the discussion about the pertinence of utilization of the term physiology in Nietzsche's work, this article intends to present, in general terms, the reaching of this project to the discussion of the relations between art and truth, art and illusion. In conclusion, the intention here is to show the importance of this idea of a physiology of art taking as a reference the figure of the actor.
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Crítica científica e modelos interpretativos em Nietzsche
(2008) BARROS, Roberto de Almeida Pereira de
From the denounce of the contradictory presence of dogmatic moral presuppositions in the formulation of scientific activity principles, Nietzsche conceives another notion of science compatible with the hegemonic option for knowledge, which he recognizes as present in occidental culture. This article intends to discuss on which parameters Nietzsche, in the intermediary period of his philosophical production, proposes his interpretation of occidental science and formulates a demystifying critique of it.
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O Dionisíaco em Nietzsche: da “metafísica de artista” à “fisiologia da arte”
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-11-26) CARDOSO, Sandro Melo Batalha; CHAVES, Ernani Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5741253213910825
The dyonysian is one of the notions that can help a greater understanding of the nietzschean aesthetic. In considering the concepts offered by "artist's metaphysics" and by “physiology of art” as particularly relevant for a discussion about this theme, this dissertation intents to investigate how the notion of dyonysian is approached in the course of Nietzsche’s philosophy, more precisely in the transition from the "artist's metaphysics" to the “physiology of art”. In a first instance, the work demonstrates the relationship between the notion of Primordial-One, the Romanticism, the tragic philosophy and the dyonysian that are present in the first phase of Nietzsche's thought. After that, the study presents and discuss the dyonysian in the greek tragedy. That discussion culminates in a theoretical review about the notion of dyonysian: the monistic conception of Dionysus and the idea of ecstasy as a necessary condition of all art. Thereafter, it is also indicated relevant considerations about Nietzsche´s “physiology of art”. On the one hand, it is highlighted the possibility of a artistic transfiguration of existence by the intensification of the will to power, on the other hand, it is indicated the symptoms of art décadence. In conclusion, the intention here is to show that the notion of dyonysian is essential for Nietzsche to develop his concepction about the tragic art based on the "artist's metaphysics" and it is also indispensable in his aesthetic considerations that appears in his project of a "physiology of art".
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Escravos, selvagens e loucos: estudos sobre figuras da animalidade no pensamento de Nietzsche e Foucault
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-27) OLIVEIRA, Flavio Valentim de; LEMOS, Flávia Cristina Silveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8132595498104759
This study is a contribution to the line of research in epistemology, especially the educational episteme that dialogues with philosophical theories. Its general objective is to understand the problem of education (as a civilization project) Its specific purpose is to investigate three figures of animality in the philosophies of Nietzsche‟s and Foucault‟s, namely, the slave, the savage and the madman. For this purpose we follow the historical-philosophical method that seeks to reconstitute the sources For this purpose we follow the historical-philosophical method that seeks to reconstitute the sources of readings of both philosophers and their resonances in the current debate. In the first place, we interpret the posthumous text of the young Nietzsche titled The Greek State and some passages From the Government of the Living and The knowledge of Oedipus of of how liberal democracy concealed the slave life and how the of how the Greek aleturgie ends in the memory of slaves: ritual of truth which indicates the violent relationship between knowledge, power and tragic animality.Secondly, we analyze the figure of the savage by approaching some passages of Human, Too Human I with some ethnological findings of John Lubbock in his classic work Origins of the Civilization and the primitive condition of the man and later the figure of the cynical philosopher as savage, set forth in The Courage of Truth for, respectively, to approach the moralization of the wild soul by modern asceticism and the relation between cynical asceticism and animality. Still in this second part of the research, we analyze the phenomenon of cornarism and aphrodisia: categories that are covered in Twilight of the Idols and History of Sexuality II: the use of pleasures and that deal with the problematic relationship between appetite and pleasure, between vice and animality. Finally, the third part analyzes the figure of the madman and his status of animality, now as a figure of political domestication in collective deliriums, called by Nietzsche in addition to good and evil as a herd animal, now as an experiment of freedom pathologized in the image of the docile and productive animal exposed in History of madness. In the three investigative steps of this study we arrive at the fundamental nucleus of the thesis that is to make explicit the category of animality as a phenomenon closely linked to the problems between slave life and democratic life, between moral nature and shameful pleasures, between delusions of power and bestiality of the madman, sometimes as a deviant animal, sometimes as an experiment of animality in biopolitics.
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Fisiopsicologia e naturalização do conhecimento em Nietzsche
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06) BARROS, Roberto de Almeida Pereira de
Nietzsche's reflection about knowledge is inseparable from the positivist context of German universities in the second half of the nineteenth century. Nietzsche assimilates from it a strong naturalistic tendency, which gives him arguments against the metaphysical-rationalist interpretation of knowledge. This article aims to analyze aspects of these assumptions with regard to his consideration of knowledge, that keeps him away from idealism to the naturalist reductionism.
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A genealogia filosófica em Nietzsche e em Foucault
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-10) NASCIMENTO, Ronaldo Luiz Silva do; BARROS, Roberto de Almeida Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4521253027948817
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Lessing, um espírito livre. Sobre o aforismo 103 de O Andarilho e sua Sombra
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06) CHAVES, Ernani Pinheiro
This article aims to analyze the aphorism 103 of The wanderer and his shadow, entitled "Lessing", in order to show the confrontation of Nietzsche with the thought of the great essayist, poet and playwright, considered the creator of modern German theater. This confrontation has as its starting point at the aphorism referred above the question of "style", which gives the opportunity to reflect about this question in Nietzsche, in this important moment of his work, turning point, as we know, especially from three other important "characters" to the discussion of this subject: Schopenhauer, Wagner and the French culture.
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Nietzsche e a questão do corpo na modernidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-30) LEAL, Julie Christie Damasceno; BARROS, Roberto de Almeida Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4521253027948817
The present dissertation aims to develop an interpretation concerning the conception of body in Nietzsche, taking into account the perspectival bias and instinctive dimension of whole body, as well as the multiplicity of forces inherent in the investigation of the body. In view of that, according to the assimilation of Nietzsche, the notion of body places itself as conducting wire of his lucubrations, especially because the resumption of such a question demonstrates pertinent for thinking about the body in the course of Western thought, since the concept of ancient Greeks, passing the aesthetic Socratism, Platonism and Christian morality to modernity and its reverberations in relation to nihilism process. That said, it is particularly important to provide a critique of the poor understanding of body erected by traditional philosophy, while emphasizing the appropriation of Platonism by Christian morality, which resulted in the depreciation of the body and degeneration of the instincts and most vital bodily impulses, become sick, a fact that contributed of illness tendencies and belittlement of man in modernity. For that, we intend to analyze the notion of body crossed by the established valuations, both from aesthetic, and moral, cultural and philosophical, especially in the texts The Birth of Tragedy, Human Too Human, Beyond Good and Evil, Genealogy of Morals and Thus spoke Zarathustra, basic to place the question of the body in the dimensions that made possible their rise and decay. In this manner, the dissertation this shows that relevant because it allows the deepening on a question that arises latently in the context of Western thought: body notion, taken from the bias proposed by the German philosopher, as a forces field and conflict in modernity.
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Nietzsche e pessoa: um diálogo trágico entre filosofia e literatura
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-11-24) BATISTA, Francisco Lobo; BARROS, Roberto de Almeida Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4521253027948817
This study seeks to approximate two of the biggest critics of modernity, Nietzsche and Fernando Pessoa, from themes that are common to them and, in general terms, proposed a dialogue between philosophy and art, more precisely, between philosophy and literature. From the literature reviewed, we can say that Pessoa was an involuntary nietzschean who search for in the subjectivity criticism, in metaphorical language understanding and in the image of the child, the overcoming of metaphysics. In this way, Nietzsche, a deleuzian perspective, worked with several conceptual characters and, though not as radical as Pessoa form, thought from various heteronyms.
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Nietzsche e Platão: uma relação ambígua e antinômica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-28) PONTE, Lívia Coutinho da; BARROS, Roberto de Almeida Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4521253027948817
The present dissertation aims to develop an interpretation about how Nietzsche's thought is developed in minding polemically with Plato's philosophy, based on the analysis of the published and posthumous writings, in light of points of view of interpreters that give emphasis to this wrestling record as a key for a more complete understanding of nietzschean philosophy. The relevance of this research lies in the fact that the applicants tensions in the writings of Nietzsche with Plato, with Socrates as the main character of the Dialogues, and with the systems that Nietzsche called "Platonism" and "Socratism" serve as motto and element of realization of his thought, both in critical sense, as in propositional meaning. The main target of these antagonisms is a conception of science and philosophy generated in antiquity with the emergence of the logos that culminated in the hegemony of the normative character of reason, both universal and instrumental. So it is particularly important to understand to what extent Nietzsche's relationship with Socrates and Plato oscillates between fascination and disdainful denial, starting a genealogical critique of personal figures of the two Athenians in the form of a provocative reconstruction of cultural and individual conditions from which their thoughts radiated. Therefore, we intend to analyze: (i) the distinction between Plato and Platonism over the thought of Nietzsche, especially in Beyond good and evil, Human, all too Human I, posthumous fragments of half of the 1880s, and lectures on Plato offered in period of Basel and the relation of this distinction with the anti-metaphysics of Nietzsche; (ii) how Nietzsche handled the called "Socratic question" and the reception of Platonic dialogues by tradition, as well as Socrates association with the dissolution of the tragic thought, the latter mainly through the analysis of The birth of tragedy and Philosophy in the tragic age of the greeks; and finally (iii) the ways in which Nietzsche connects to a dialectic and literaryphilosophical typically platonic model.
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Nietzsche, Kafka e o Niilismo: entre filosofia e literatura
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-03) ARAÚJO, Raul Reís; CHAVES, Ernani Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5741253213910825
The research aims to analyze the phylosophical term niilism in Nietzsche’s work, from its origin until its developments in the author’s mature thinking. Understanding the decadence process as a niilist, Nietzsche places Socrates as the first thinker of the decadence, that would be perpetuated until the modernity by cristianism, turning the slave type into the model man. We sketch the manner in which Nietzsche aims to overcome this man, by exceeding the values that cultivate him, looking for a healthier new physiopsychological state for the man. To this end, Nietzsche places the will for power at the center of the transvaluation, and the artists as the more capable of creating something, instead of degrade and submit themselves to the value given by the accepted moral. In modernity the bureaucracy receives emphasis in the public functionalism, what inspires Nietzsche to criticize it as another way of leveling and impoverishing life. Kafka then appears in our work as the synthesis of part that Nietzsche understood in his epoch, his diagnosis of the next two hundred years is illustrated through Kafka’s works, that characterize the man as the being sickened by the values which are impossible for him to live or to carry out. For this all the understanding of the artist’s physiology, according to Nietzsche, gives us a comprehension and interpretation of Kafka’s work for beyond its epoch.
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Paisagem e retrato: pintura e filosofia em "Humano, demasiado humano" de Nietzsche
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-30) LÉDO, Thiago Moura; CHAVES, Ernani Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5741253213910825
What is the philosophical orientation that Nietzsche put to himself in Human, All Too Human when he demands such consideration: “The philosophers are used to put themselves in front of life and experience as they were like a painting developed once for all, as a event painted”? In the second volume of the same work there is another aphorismus close to this one: “All the thinkers (philosophers, writers ...) are painters-thinkers (Maler-Denker) that paint their lives, and some of them impose to themselves the “absurd task” to paint „the’ life, in a excessive anxiety. How to caracteriza this position after that? Philosophy and Paiting set a relation that grows in a apropriate oportunity of Human, all too human’s contexto, despite it comes from precedents like the sketch of philosophical portraits in Philosophy in the Greek Tragic Era and the ulterior “Philosophical Autobiography”: the 86‟s Prefaces and Ecce homo. The most importante here is the imagetic and aphorismatic caracterization of Nietzsche‟s works in his “middle and positivist period”. Two ways put bases in this relation between philosophy and painting: 1) the necessity of contextualization grounded in a historical philosophy, 2) together with the moviment of individualization that do not complet a unit, but it constantly transfigure itself. Here one seeks to explain contextualization and individualization, that is, the landscape and portrait are methods of painting that Nietzsche used in philosophy, through the way that both converge to the problems of devir or problems of the historical sense.
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A tensão entre proximidade e distância no segundo momento do pensamento de Nietzsche
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-22) SILVA, André Diogo Santos da; CHAVES, Ernani Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5741253213910825
Reflections on proximity and distance occur mainly in the second moment of Nietzsche’s thinking (1876 to 1882), in so far as he developed, around 1879, the idea of “doctrine of the nearest things”, and, some years later, in 1882, the notion of “artistic distance”. However, in this period he also criticizes the idea of opposition, since this concept alludes to a metaphysical philosophy. Another concept found in Nietzschean philosophy that would also express a relation between antagonisms is the idea of tension, which reflects a greater dynamicity. Thus, the problem of the present research consists in the following question: could it be possible to characterize the relation between the concepts of proximity and distance, identified in works belonging to the second moment of Nietzsche’s writings, as a tension, and not only an opposition (in view of the philosopher’s criticism of this idea)? From this general problem, the following specific objectives were established: 1. To delimit the specificity of the tension, mainly from the comparison with the concepts of opposition and antagonism; 2. To characterize proximity through the idea of the “doctrine of nearest things” and other related ideas, especially in the two volumes of Human, all too human and in The Down; 3. Find traces of the concept of distance in the Nietzschean writings, highlighting The Gay Science, a work that contains reflections on “artistic distance”; 4. To justify a tension between the previous concepts, identifying texts where Nietzsche suggests this relation (and not an opposition) between proximity and distance. These four objectives were developed through a bibliographical and historical-philological methodology, focusing mainly on the analysis of Nietzsche’s writings at the second moment of his intellectual production. As one of the results of the present investigation, we highlight the one that points out that the tension between proximity and distance in Nietzsche is observed more intensely, first, in the scope of knowledge – in which the thinker needs, one moment, to approach the object, the next to distance himself from his passionate quest for knowledge – and then, in the sphere of friendship – which differs from a simple “love of neighbor”, for in a high friendship the individual is also capable of distancing himself from his friend.