Navegando por Assunto "Oil palm"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Decomposição catalítica do glicerol em fase vapor usando a perovskita cecuxni1-xo3 (x=0;0.25) como precursor catalítico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-09) ESTRADA, Marcial Antonio Fuentes; FRANÇA, Luiz Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6545345391702172; RIBEIRO, Nielson Fernando da Paixão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0755443458423442
The utilization of the fuels fossils like main source of energy has carried to the generation of countless environmental and economic problems, creating the need of diversification of the energetic matrix. In Brazil, country with vast territorial extension and agroindustry very established stands out the production of biofuels, such as: ethanol and biodiesel. Particularly, the production of biodiesel with the increasing governmental incentives exponentially has its production increased to each year placing Brazil in prominence in the worldwide scene of biofuels. In the process of transesterification of vegetal oils with a primary alcohol, beyond biodiesel, the rude glycerin in a ratio of 10% is generated 11% in volume. The bio refining of the deriving glycerin of the manufacture of biodiesel, becomes the production of biodiesel economically more viable, leading to the formation of products with raised aggregate values. For this reason, the present work has as main objective the valuation of the chain of production of biodiesel for the transformation of glycerol to the products of bigger value added through reaction catalytic decomposition of glycerol using perovskitas of the CeNi1-xCuxO3 type (x=0 and 0,25) as you will catalyze. The gotten results had shown that the use of high temperature (500 °C) favors the gas production of synthesis with approach relation H2/CO of 1, this occur for the strong craqueamento of the molecule of glycerol, At 410 ° C and inert reaction atmosphere, hydroxyacetone (acetol) was the major product exhibiting selectivity in the range of 22-28% depending on the catalyst used. The effect of the addition of hydrogen on the reaction load was investigated and its insertion promoted the hydrogenation of the hydroxyacetone, leading to an increase in selectivity for 1,2-propanediol whose selectivity varied in the range of 4-9% depending on the catalyst.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de inimigos naturais em cultivos de palma de óleo Elaeis guineensis implantados em sistemas agroflorestais para agricultura familiar
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-30) ESPIRITO SANTO, Lorena Nunes do; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887
The cultivation of palm oil or palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a promising alternative for the recovery of degraded areas in the Brazilian Amazon, and promote the establishment of man in the field. However, when established in monoculture systems presents favorable conditions for the emergence and proliferation of insect pests, especially borers and defoliators. Thus, this research aimed to identify and quantify the diversity of insect pests and their natural enemies in three different systems of cultivation of oil palm in the city of Tome-Acu, Para, between May 2009 and January 2010. Two properties of oil palm cultivated as main crop in agroforestry (SAF) with different combinations of land preparation. The third study area was a monoculture oil palm, characterizing the current model of palms growing in the Amazon region. In all areas studied palm oil showed similar age and were monitored during May, June, October, December 2009 and January 2010. Was evaluated in the different systems, the diversity of insect pests and natural enemies in two separate statements: soil and plant canopy. Traps "pitfall" were used for the collection of soil arthropods (particularly predators), while yellow sticky traps were used to capture insects present in the shoots. The rainfall was recorded during the research in all areas studied. The orders with the highest species diversity in biodiverse, and monoculture systems, regardless of the type of trap, were Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Araneae and Coleoptera, which are possibly associated with maintaining the balance of herbivore populations in these environments. The similarity of species collected in pitfall traps and adhesive between the areas studied was influenced by the history of the occupation of the areas and months of collection, and the precipitation effect on the diversity of arthropods collected in the different systems of cultivation of palm oil. Different kinds of ants (eg., Solenopsis and Pheidole) representatives gathered in this research are predators, a fact which reinforces the hypothesis of the same potential to act as natural enemies of pests in these systems. The different systems of cultivation of oil palm evaluated reported great diversity of spiders, possibly by offering diversified food resource availability (eg., Insects) for these generalist natural enemies. This research is the first to record the diversity of soil spiders in oil palm cultivation in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, a fact that provides insights for future studies on the ecological group. Although this study presents results of the first two years of implementation of the cultivation of oil palm in the field, they reveal the importance of studies that aim to assess the influence of biodiverse environments in the maintenance and multiplication of natural enemies to act in the biological control of insect pest of many crops, particularly palms.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem da palma de óleo na Amazônia: redução da adequabilidade climática até o final do século
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-29) MENEZES, José Felipe Gazel; ARAÚJO, Alessandro Carioca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6188087583954899; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-5087
The Amazon has historically suffered from deforestation. From the end of the 1960s to the present day, the occupation process has always been carried out in a disorderly manner. In addition to this fact, there are local problems characteristic of the Amazon region, such as land grabbing and invasion. Therefore, such factors help to explain why the Amazon region has extensive deforested and abandoned areas. This work highlights oil palm monoculture as an alternative to reintegrate and transform abandoned areas into productive areas. Additionally, the importance of oil palm production for the global and local market is presented, and how climate change may affect oil palm production in future scenarios. A surface model developed by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) is used to estimate oil palm production. This study was conducted in an oil palm monoculture with interspecific hybrid (HIE), generated from the cross between the species Elaeis guineensis Jacq (African) and Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés (American). Subsequently, by building a species distribution model, we estimate how areas climatically suitable for oil palm cultivation may change in the future, based on IPCC climate change scenarios.