Navegando por Assunto "Other"

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Direitos humanos, alteridade e filosofia da libertação: a outra América Latina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-05) LOBO, Lívia Teixeira Moura; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
The basic idea of the thesis is to persist in the study of otherness as an ethical foundation of human rights, but now reflecting how normativity based on otherness can contribute fundamentally to human rights. In introduction the fragility of human rights is presented, either because they are a field of veiled ethical disputes that forge violence, as because they are a field in which conflict generates debate and, consequently, critical thinking. Latin America, as the Other, acts in this debate claiming an alterity that the law tends to cover up. The otherness makes demands that the law does not know. The first chapter is dedicated to a literature review about human rights, indicating the porosity of this language to a new criticism. The modern origin and the subject's promise of emancipation contrast with the oppression carried out through the liberal morality that permeates these rights. At the same time, it is a language so widespread that it seems wasteful to direct efforts to another area, where the means to act, to claim morally and politically are not known. The second chapter will confront Levinas' otherness, in which the Other is absolutely Other in its metaphysical exteriority that impels the freedom of the passive Self. Dussel presents an interpellant Other, which suggests, attacks, provokes, becomes aware of his neglected alterity and goes on to the praxis of liberation. There is an independent performance in the Other of the philosophy of liberation, he does not need approval, his helplessness is fruitful, criticism develops from the negativity of the current totality. The positive and critical-negative ethical principles are presented as that which requires, in the abstract, a normativity based on otherness. The last chapter proposes to consolidate the reach of the general objective, addressing the basic distinction of the philosophy of Dussel and Levinas, and the emergence of that of the analytical method so the Other leaps into critical reflection as the source of all ethical transformation - it is about a metaphysical moment and the return to totality. The Politics, which houses the law as an institution, subsumes the ethical principles in a similar way, informing human rights primarily about its formal aspect of legitimacy, about its role as a claim language in the face of system corruption and about the constitutive intersubjectivity of the system. subject that holds them back, making the predicate consensus of the symmetrical discursive participation of those who form the political community more solid.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os moradores de Belém e suas relações com a cidade: tessitura de uma cartografia comunicativa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-12) KABUENGE, Nathan Nguangu; COSTA, Alda Cristina Silva da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2403055637349630
A present thesis analyzed the narrative constructions that the residentes of Belém create about themselves, the other and Belém. Considering the imaginary constructions that are established among the residents of the capital of Pará, fear constitutes one of the tensions in the fabric of the narratives. The question was asked in the analysis: How does the cartography of Belém allow us to observe the communicative processes of constructing the self, the other and the city? The question instigated the search to find out how the residents of Belém understand themselves in a relationship between the self and the other. In contemporary times, understanding this I-Thou relationship is justified because this relationship has been configured as calculating, to the extent that it makes the other an It, and not the externalized self that is decisive in understanding human action. As a methodological approach, a communicative cartography was developed in order to weave together the meanings attributed by individuals to themselves and to others, as well as to the spaces they experience. Cartography was understood as a relationship of power, tensions and force in the negotiation of meanings and the control of space as a product of social practices and relationships. In this construction, 15 narrative interviews were conducted with residents of 14 neighborhoods in Belém, from January to October 2022. The analyzes of such interviews were inspired by the theoretical-methodological openings: Ricoeur's narrative-hermeneutics, and his explanations of the unfolding of mimesis I, II and III; Deleuze and Guattari's cartography; Buber's ontological dimension of the I-Thou relationship; and Lévinas' ethical dimension of the faceto-face relationship. From the interlocutors' stories about and from Belém, we identified how a general frame was formed, called the "affective frame", with ramifications in other frames: urban, socio-cultural and security. In the affective frame, residents map the city of Belém in an affective and personal way. In all the frames, Communicative experiences emerged that were categorized into three dimensions: a) in the city center - a strong relationship of communication as possibility or miscommunication; b) in the periphery, communication as dialogue; and c) in Belém as a whole - communication as a relationship of otherness. The results of the research pointed to a cartography of the relationships, affections, intensities, conflicts, disputes over meanings, resistance, territoriality, deterritoriality and reterritoriality, which the residentes of Belém live create daily to make the city a place of possibility, as this same place holds, at the same time, a feeling of security and danger, where there is wealth and poverty. Despite these problems, the residentes of Belém strive, through cultural manifestations, to vibrate together around the city.