Navegando por Assunto "Paisagens"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 25

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Análise da paisagem na bacia hidrográfica do rio Mocajuba, Nordeste paraense, a partir do modelo teórico GTP
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-29) TELES, Geise Corrêa; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609
This study aimed to understand the dynamics of use and management of natural resources in the hydrographic basin of Mocajuba, located in the micro region of Paraense Salgado, from the landscape seizure proposed by GTP theoretical-methodological model. Something important in understanding this relationship it is understand the landscape that is being analyzed, and the processes that engender construction. The basic construction of the analysis presented and the theoretical model GTP proposed by Bertrand and Bertrand (2009), this theoretical model is a relationship between the concepts of geosystem, territory and landscape, and from that relationship you can see how to build the different landscapes. In the words of Bertrand and Bertrand (2009 p. 197) " the landscape is born when one look cross one territory." Which is to say that it is the result of understanding of the relation of territorial buildings, circumscribed in geosystem, ie the landscape is built from the perception that residents of the study area have on your living space, but that space has a base material (geosystem) and is structured on the basis of socioeconomic processes (territory) in the construction of these landscapes. To achieve the proposed objectives were developed methodological procedures outlined as bibliographic literature review on the topic and the area studied, the survey of rural ecology characteristics of the watershed, socioeconomic analysis, made from the survey data on productive activities, the mapping land use, and semi-structured interviews, accompanied by photographic records to represent the landscapes highlighted by respondents. In the survey of information on geosystem components, there is the mapping of land cover and land use, which infer important information about the conditions of the natural elements. In the survey of information about the components of the territory it highlights the conflicts identified by the use and appropriation of these resources, which are connected the main economic activities that underpin the local economy, fishing, agriculture, and crab collecting. The landscapes identified by respondents indicated the feeling of belonging, their visions of change and improvement needs in the environment where they live.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise das unidades de paisagem da microbacia do igarapé Moura, município de Castanhal (PA): subsídios para o planejamento/ordenamento territorial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) ALVES, Leonardo Pinheiro; FRANÇA, Carmena Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5723672412810714
This study analyzed the landscape units of the Igarapé Moura micro-basin in the Municipality of Castanhal-PA, considering the structure and dynamics owing to the ability to support anthropogenic actions in order to aid the basin's territorial planning. To carry out this analysis, we have chosen the systemic interpretation method, based on General Systems Theory and the Complex Dynamical Systems Theory. The interpretation script comes from the following operating procedures: an integrated analysis of the physiographic features of the watershed (geology, relief units, hypsometric, slope, soil conditions and ground cover and use), mapping of the landscape structure (landscape units); analysis of the dynamics of landscape units (multitemporal mapping of vegetation cover and land use from satellite images from 1984, 1994 and 2010); delimitation of areas of stability / instability of the physical environment, identifying capable areas for agricultural crops, pasture and forestry, as well as areas unsuitable for agricultural use; delimitation of areas of legal incompatibility, and finally preparing the mapping using the indicated capacity. Based on analysis of the physiographic features of the watershed, it was possible to identify six landscape units: Geosystem of Hills and Law Plateaus with Productive Activities, Geosystems of Law Plateaus and Hills With Urbanized Areas, Geosystems of Low Plateaus with Productive Activities, Geosystem of Low Plateaus with Urbanized Areas, Geosystem of the Capoeiras over Hills, Low Plateaus and Law Plateaus e Geosystem of the Flooded Rainforests in Floodplains. Looking through the instability, the Basin predominantly presents areas with significant levels of instability, especially geosystems that feature human deeds. In contrast, areas with more stable conditions are characterized by areas where is possible to see a denser vegetative substrate, located in the Geosystem of the Capoeiras over Hills, Law Plateaus and Low Plateaus and in Geosystem of the Flooded Rainforests in Floodplains. In the analysis of agricultural suitability of the Basin's landscapes, it was found that its larger portion enables the use of technological development for farming, artificial grazing and forestry. In addition to these, there are also unsuitable areas for agricultural activities. Finally, it was established seven areas of recommended use in accordance with the support capacity of the landscape units of Igarapé Moura Basin: agricultural technology, mechanized agriculture, urban area, preservation, priority preservation, conservation/sustainable use and priority recovery. Therefore, from these analyzes, a need of using technical and scientific levels in agricultural production in the Basin was found, aimed at improving the management of different forms of landscape units and the need of preservation of secondary vegetation cover through techniques aimed at sustainable development linked to forest maintenance, essential for the territorial planning of this area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise evolutiva da paisagem da serra Tepequém - Roraima e o impacto da atividade antrópica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-01-23) BESERRA NETA, Luiza Câmara; BORGES, Maurício da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580207189205228; 1580207189205228; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302; 1639498384851302
The north area of Roraima State presents great diversity of geomorphologic featuresformed by dissected plateaus, limited by intermountain plain and relief with a plateau morphology that it is individualized in the extensive plain areas, e.g., of the mountain Tepequém. Since 1930s this was a site of intense activity of diamond extraction what printed changes in the landscape. The main objective of this study is to understand the dynamics evolution of the landscape of the mountain Tepequém under diamond extraction activity and the reason of its erosion susceptibility, being natural or anthropic. To reach these objectives, a description of profiles of soils and saprolitic rock, as well as lateritic profiles were accomplished. Samples of soils, altered rocks, laterites and coal were collected. Besides, width, depth, extension and directional alignment of the channels of the gullies measurements were carried out. The collected materials were submitted to the following analyses: grain size, by humid way; minerals identification by X-ray diffraction and SEM techniques; total chemistry analysis (major elements) by ICP-MS and content of organic matter, humidity and density of the soil measurements. Coal samples were submitted to radiocarbon analyses by AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry). Appling the interpretation of optical images (Landsat-5/TM and Cbers-2/CCD) and the cartographic base, maps of structural alignment, relief (altimetry and declivity), drainage and vegetation covering were also elaborated. The mountain Tepequém stand out among the landscape dominated by relief of hills, residual hills and plane-slightly wavy surfaces because of its rectangular-rhombic format and outline of steep scarps elaborated on sedimentary rocks of Paleoproterozoic. The drainage system of the area delineates parallel, angle-rectangular and faults standards. The relief and drainage morphology of the mountain Tepequém and its around area define a subordination to the structural arrangement E-W, NE-SW and NW-SE directions represented by normal and strike-slip faults. In the mountain Tepequém, the geomorphologic compartments are established by 575 to 670 m high plain intra-valleys surfaces bordered by less than 774m high hills and residual hills and edge slopes less than 1100m high. The bush grassy savanna dominates this landscape and recovers the edge scarps and extends along the regional plain. The ciliary forest covers small stains along the Cabo Sobral and Paiva rivers. This scenery was quite modified because of diamond extraction activity. However, with the decline of this activity, the ciliary forest recovers spontaneously, as the optical images of the last 22 years shows (1984, 1995 and 2006). Intra-valleys plains were developed on sandy soils constituted by medium and fine grain size sandy domains, sub-angles to sub-rounded poorly selected, with low cohesion and small quantity of organic matter. These soils are developed on saprolitic derived of sandstones and siltstones. Locally stone lines and colluvial are observed, usually on the saprolitic. Immature laterites are found in the center-north hills of the mountain Tepequém. Quartz, muscovite in sub-milimetric plates and kaolinite partially involving the grains of quartz are predominant in soils constitution, while the lateritic profiles are constituted by gibbsite, goethite and hematite, besides quartz and kaolinite. Laterite and quartz fragments constitute the stone lines. High concentrations of SiO2 confirm the essentially quartz-character of the soils, while the values of Al2O3, K2O, MgO, Fe2O3 and TiO2 are more expressive in the saprolitic zones, confirming the kaolinite, muscovite and hematite domain, derived of claystones and siltstones. The radiocarbon ages in coal obtained for the superficial materials (colluvial and stone lines) show that these materials were formed at least 3.822 years BP. The intermountain plains reveal in its landscape erosive features in the piping formations, dolines and gullies, developed in the lands with sandy to silt materials domain. The channels of gullies are mainly aligned in the directions NE-SW and NW-SE corresponding to the directions of fractures and faults that section the Tepequém Formation. The seemingly stabilized gullies are partially covered by ferns that grow on the side and bottom surfaces of the channel. The evolution of the landscape of the mountain of Tepequém specially the formation of its general internal structure involves the tectonic still in Proterozoic. The inherited morphology reflects in the steep scarps around as well as in the top such a great synclinorium. The evolution of the landscape of the mountain of Tepequém during Cenozoic is marked by formation of small hills, some of these protected by lateritic crusts suggesting registration of a humid and hot paleoclimate in Pleistocene, which can admit the installation of the drainage net. The erosive process of the fluvial courses allies with the high gradient favored the transport of part of the sediments to W-SW direction, contributing in the formation of the intermountain plains. The current scenery is marked by the erosive retaking favored by the sandy non-cohesive nature of the soils, ally to a paleorelief inclined to the valleys and strongly fractured and failed that causes a strong shallow surface stormflow propitiating the piping formations, dolines and then the gullies. Thus, the diamond extraction activity can contribute in the intensification of the gullies but, however, it was not the decisive factor. Therefore, the evolution of the landscape of the mountain Tepequém in Proterozoic and in Cenozoic until the present is due to the interaction of multiple processes involving the tectonic history, the weathering changes and the several erosion cycles, as well as the restricted sedimentation and the small anthropic contribution.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise integrada da paisagem na bacia hidrográfica do rio Acará, Amazônia Oriental: subsídios ao planejamento ambiental.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-22) DIAS, Filipe Gomes; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The dynamics of land use/cover in the Amazon region have driven negative changes in the different environmental systems, which in many cases present very serious scenarios. This situation makes the actions of environmental planning and management of natural resources of utmost importance. Thus, this research aims perform an integrated analysis of the landscape in the Acará river basin, Northeast of Para, in the Eastern Amazon, through geoprocessing techniques, in order to subsidize environmental planning actions. For this, the theoreticalmethodological foundations of the geo-environmental approach were adopted to analyze in an integrated and holistic way the aspects, conditions, problems, fragilities, and potentialities of the basin landscape. This research was based on the collection of bibliographies on the subject, as well as on socioeconomic and geocartographic data, for the making of maps and thematic charts. The results indicate that the basin presents five geoenvironmental units marked by low socioeconomic conditions and low and unsatisfactory environmental sanitation, where the implementation of specific public policies directly influenced changes in land use, both in the sense of lower deforestation rates, and in the expansion of oil palm fields, mostly in degraded areas, but advancing to forest areas. It was also observed that land uses, especially agriculture and cattle-raising activities, have substantially degraded riparian zones, besides influencing the maintenance of water in the water system, impacting areas that play vital functions for the hydro-environmental sustainability of the basin. Thus, general recommendations are presented to support actions of environmental planning and management in the Acará river basin to achieve a framework of hydro-environmental sustainability.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Arborização urbana em Belém: diálogo entre tempos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-02) GAMA NETO, Oswaldo; BRASIL, Heliana Maria Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1424779683217427; PONT VIDAL, Celma de Nazaré Chaves de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0782346426511704
Study in this paper two proposed urban forestry to Belém in two distinct periods: the management of Antonio Lemos (1897 to 1911) and the management of SEMMA (2003 to present), institution responsible for city trees. Presuppose that in the past there are elements for justifying the actions of the present and from this, to review the subject matter of the research, is used as an approximation method of the Comparative Case Study and Systems Theory. This dissertation use is made of three research variables: laws and regulations, meaning in the urban context and species selection. From the survey data on the variables and the two periods, it appears that the changes occurring in the city and the need to adapt to new conditions afforestation and urban facilities are justifications for the current loss of trees from the paraense capital.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da influência da precipitação pluviométrica no mapeamento das características da paisagem do sítio arqueológico AP-MA-05/Amapá e sua importância social e histórica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-22) ALBUQUERQUE, Jéssica Lisboa de; QUEIROZ, Joaquim Carlos Barbosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4383935463464893
This study evaluated the influence of rainfall in mapping landscape features of the archaeological site AP-MA-05 and the contribution of its social importance and historical. To obtain the data was used geophysical method of electrical resistivity in an area of UNIFAP (Federal University of Amapá) of 10 x 20 meters. The rainfall data were collected in INMET station Macapá. Data analysis was performed with use of statistical and geostatistical methods. In rainy season, the soil resistivity presented a minimum of 198.7 ohm.m and maximum values of up to 3946 ohm.m, averaging 1188.87 ohm.m. In the less rainy season observed values were 394 ohm.m (minimum) and 5863 ohm.m (maximum), averaging 2078.31 ohm.m. This shows the influence of rainfall on the apparent resistivity, since the more intense were the rains that occurred at the time of obtaining data, minors were the values of electrical resistivity. A survey on the social perception of the UNIFAP students and interviews with teachers responsible for the site in question, it was found that the level of awareness of students varies according to the course of affinity degree in archeology.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cidade, desenho e natureza: uma reflexão sobre os espaços livres de Marabá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-05-13) PONTES, Louise Barbalho; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395
The present work seeks to investigate the relationship between urbanization and the physical support through the features of Maraba's open spaces system (city located at Para's southeast, in the amazon context, presents itself in economic border situation, is object of urban experimentation and disconnected urban fabric filled with open spaces). To accomplish that, it’s needed to unravel the dichotomist view of city and nature through three analysis scale (global, national and local) unveiling conceptual placement socially created in rich countries that would suit as a background for the urban space production all over the world. The timelines developed from this conceptual deconstruction show that while in rich countries the ecological reconstruction and the quality of urban life is already pursed, in the economic border city, the economic rationality megalomania overlaps everyone and everything, leaving as a result great environmental end social tensions. However, the study invites to the reflection towards to new potentials for urban solutions in these spaces, precisely because of the non-occurrence of the complete territorial en social conversion, on the premise that the processes of urbanization of these cities happen in a single space-time, that has as privilege, the possibility of learn from the secular outline of world urban experiences and also from the traditional local knowledge that knew how to combine along time city and nature. From the science point of view the attention regarding the contemporary city form and the lenses capable of reveling the city materiality and its potential: the urban design and the landscape approach, as the starting point to elaborate a guide for empirical analysis formed by city apprehension instruments (scale, layers, borders and processes), tools for elaborate it (cartography, field investigation, people counting and interviews) and spatial quality parameters (diversity, attractiveness, comfort, access, security and identity). This way, Maraba's open spaces system is presented in a intermedium scale perspective (territorial, urban and district scale) and in objective and subjective layers (biophysical, urban and world's point of view) that reveals, besides its complexity, three degradation and fading processes (of the yard, of the public spaces and of preservation areas) and a great potential to reverse the loss – for there is a potential of an open space system structure - that unites possibilities to gather urban, environmental and cultural demands, and if thought as a coherent design could contribute to reestablish connections between urban cores that form the city with the biome and contribute to the fortification of local identity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica temporal da paisagem: mudanças, percepções e dificuldades de recuperação na RDS Alcobaça, área de influência da UHE Tucuruí/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-08) PIRATOBA, Diana Nathaly Monroy; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290
The construction and operation of the Tucuruí dam caused negative landscape changes, which are accentuated by the installation of rural communities on the islands and on the lake‘s shores. The increasing reduction of forest vegetation, the biodiversity loss, the increase of socio-cultural conflicts and the landscape fragmentation detected in the dam influence area, prove that ecosystems and human population have not reached an equilibrium. With the creation of conservation units in 2002, environmental problems were expected to reduce in intensity and magnitude. However, the socio-environmental crisis remained unchanged. Given this scenario, the study seeks to understand if a) the perception of the landscape changes in the Alcobaça Sustainable Development Reserve – SDR – are similar according to the local knowledge and the scientific evidences; b) the use and management of natural resources by local dwellers influence the landscape transformations in the area; and finally c) ethnobotany in local communities presents potential for the management and control of ecosystem degradations. The methodological assumption implicates proper techniques of Participatory Rural Appraisal – PRA –, supplemented with non-participatory techniques of vegetation cover interpretation. The selection of this study area is due to the fact that the Alcobaça SDR presents the most fragmented landscape and the largest population concentration in relation to other protection units. The oral memory of fishermen shows that the landscape changes are associated with natural resources management changes, encouraging the development of predation methods as a response to the current resources shortage. Although local communities express knowledge about damage on the ecosystems, Uncertainties linked to dwellers' land titles conflict with the management institutions of the SDR area and are often the justification of or even the motivation for a bad landscape management. Local knowledge on vegetation resources, though, does not solve the environmental crisis evidenced in the area, and is only a potential tool for the management of degraded areas. Biodiversity is locally known, not as a long list of species, but as a real knowledge built up and appropriated by local communities. It is materialized in dwellers' backyards, incipient agroforestry, and therefore appropriate for the control of the environmental degradation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Entre campos, tesos, várzeas e florestas: relação com as paisagens nos processos de formação identitárias e resistência afromarajoara
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-07-14) NAZARÉ, Mailson Lima; BARBOZA, Myrian Sá Leitão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4827055067722362; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6712-7386; BARBOZA, Roberta Sá Leitão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9331256487699477; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-553X
This work aims to describe socio-environmental realities of traditional communities in the Marajó archipelago in the State of Pará, through ways of life as a form of Afro-Marmara resistance. It is developed from the description of my social reality, of origin of communities of cowboys in the region of the Marajoara fields, in a relationship with the aspects of resistance and ethnic affirmation of the quilombola community of Gurupá located in the municipality of Cachoeira do Arari. The description of my social trajectory is carried out through autoetnobiography, which makes it essential to show the way of life of black people with the protagonist of their own history, the analysis of ways of life in the quilombola territory of Gurupá is carried out through the ethnography of walking, method developed through observation, dialogues and walks together with interlocutors from the community. Therefore, through the ethnography of walking and autoetnobiography I try to relate my experiences with the resistance of the quilombola community of Gurupá as a way of resisting the Eurocentric paradigms that on the developmental discourse advance over territories of traditional communities in the Marajó archipelago. In this sense, the reflections presented in the study sought to answer the following question: how ways of life constitute forms of resistance based on the relationship between identity and landscapes? The study has ethnoracial issues as a reference and that is why I use concepts such as afromarajoara and quilombismo. Finally, the investigation concludes by showing that traditional communities have been using pluriactivities in their environments as a form of resistance both to face their seasonal dynamics, as well as to the external interferences of developme.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estrutura e fisiologia da paisagem da praia do Areião, Ilha de Mosqueiro (Belém-PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-07-04) VIANA, Ivan Gomes da Silva; FRANÇA, Carmena Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5723672412810714
This study has guided the analysis on concept of landscape in systemic perspective and understand there’re elements that interact in complex ways. Areião Beach shows a peculiarity. Thus, the study was made to understand elements that act in southwestern part of the coastal zone of this island, where is located the search area. In one hand, physical elements are analyzed at landscape, such as waves action, wind, tides, vegetation and rainfall, in other hand, the influence of anthropogenic elements are analyzed such as the pier, the effluents and process of using and occupation. Nevertheless, some steps were followed to understand Areião Beach landscape elements in this study. The first step was to create a theoretical-conceptual reference in geography concepts, following the objectives of this work. There’s adopted the classification of Landscape Units proposed by Bertrand (1972). Later it was understood the structure of the landscape, showing the facts of study area on spatial distribution in maps. Four diferent parts were delimited at the beach. After, the seasonality was evidenced by the physiology of landscape and it was highlighted in the analysis guiding interpretations of data variability of morphology and granulometry, as well as their interactions with anthropogenic elements. At this time, the pier’s influence in landscape’s identified. It is believed that pier creates a buffer zone, where tidal action is attenuated to erosional processes that reach the beach. Furthermore, granulometric analysis and the degree of selection showed that there were two sediment transporting cell. The first before the pier, where are the profiles 1 and 2 was located. And the second one after pier, where profile 3, 4 and 5 were located. So Areião Beach was classificated in landscape units. The beach was rated on Geosssistema’s scale, being subdivided into geofacies Ie, IIa1, IIa2, IIa3, IIIe, IIIa, IVa and IVe. At each definition of geofacies we wanted to point, in a spatiotemporal scale of detail, the interrelationship between the physical and anthropogenic active in each landscape unit. The morphology and granulometri data were crossed with qualitative analysis developed through observations in locu to complete the definition.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da paisagem e o planejamento estratégico como bases da gestão da oferta hídrica no estado do Pará: discussão teórica e metodológica
(2009) LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; PONTE, Marcos Ximenes
This article has as purpose discussing the water offers and preventive management using as methodological application the landscape study associated to the prospective analysis strategic. The chosen area was the Pará state (Capim river basin) drained by Amazonian and the Tocantins-Araguaia basins. The methodology application in Capim river basin showed that it´s necessary to process mechanisms able to work with a great number of landscape elements, their sensitivity aspects and with the most important actors involved to waters uses planning.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evolução morfotectônica e ecologia da paisagem na região da Orinôquia Colombiana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2000-07-20) CASTRO, Beatriz Jimenez; BORGES, Maurício da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580207189205228
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Memórias de trabalho nas paisagens missioneiras do "antes-tempo"
(2013-06) SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da
The present article raises reflections on the thematic of work in the região missioneira gaúcha, a colonial missionary region in the extreme south of Brazil. The study uses as reference the legacy of the jesuítico-guaranismissions and their unfolding today, through the memories of the people who live in that portion of the Rio Grande do Sul State. For this, the article bases itself on field research conducted over approximately one year, which had as one of its ethnographic interests the attempt to understand the processes of landscape transformation in the region through technical-cultural actions related to the work universe.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem de dinâmica do uso da terra e cobertura vegetal na região de Santarém, oeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) COELHO, Andréa dos Santos; AGUIAR, Ana Paula Dutra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5810427753185619
In the last decade (1999-2009), the area of grain agriculture of Santarém region increased, mainly that of rice, corn and soybean. In the base of land tenancy structure of the region, this dynamic has occurred to land concentration due to the replacement of small for large and capitalized properties. Public policies of territorial law-enforcement created a mosaic of land unities with specific land-use rules, the conservation unities and a variety of settlement projects. The objectives of this research are: 1) to study the process of landscape transformation after the expansion of intensive grain agriculture, and 2) to construct scenarios of future that analyze alternatives to sustain? deforestation and land concentration in process in the region. Remote sensing techniques were used in Landsat 5 TM images of 1999, 2004 e 2007. Dynamic modeling techniques were used to explore scenarios of future (2015), considering rules of territory use. The results showed that until 2004, most of intensive grain agriculture was established in areas formerly occupied by smallholdings, pasture and capoeira (secondary vegetation). After 2004, the expansion of that land-use occurred mainly in forest areas, especially in settlement projects. The analyze of use transitions images in different types of settlement showed that the rules of land-use established as measure of territorial law-enforcement are not obeyed in many cases. As main methodological contribution, this research showed the importance of institutional variables related to land tenancy structure in analyzing landscape transformation and constructing scenarios. It was showed that this approach is necessary to understand the transformation processes in the studied region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Monitoramento das paisagens de Paragominas: uma abordagem geossistêmica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-08-30) PIMENTEL, Gustavo Martinez; LOPES, Luis Otávio do Canto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1013147545099173; SILVA, Christian Nunes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4284396736118279
In the Amazon, to monitor and predict land use dynamics, do not occur simply. The occupation in this region, starting from the opening of the BR-010 hayway and based on deforestation and insertion of pastures for cattle rearing, did not provide this productivity gradient as in other parts of the country. A great example is Paragominas/Pará held at the time the logging as the main economic activity, the city experienced a paradigm shift in 2008, the result of a joint action between civil society, private capital and public institutions, managed to recycle and restructure its economy more sustainable activities. Despite progress, much can still be done for better productivity and proper use of natural resources in the territory. Thus, it is understood that the territory is the space where decisions and where politics materializes are taken, with direct influence on the management of natural resources. Therefore, it’s important to identify the elements of the landscape, including the geomorphology, which stands for determining other elements, such as vegetation, soil, fauna, etc.). Thus, considering the theoretical basis and the GIS as a support, it was mounted one geographic database with primary information, secondary and adapted secondary data. This base was inserted into a cell grid system for analysis. From this grid it was possible to distinguish twelve geofacies to Paragominas. From them, it assesses that in the municipality of Paragominas, in most cases, have forest areas with 10,788.74 square kilometers (55.78%) and when it comes to land use, pastures totaling 2789.11 square kilometers (14.47%). Regarding the rate stability, forests stand out with the highest percentage, about 70%, land uses the present intermediate values (50%) and the Low and High “Capoeiras Baixa e Alta” have the lowest levels of stability (15%). As the dynamics of the evolution of land use in geofacies, livestock is the activity that most deforested the forest in Paragominas, with deforestation rates ranging from 5% to 15% of each geofacie. Agriculture in class, the dynamic occurs in the conversion of grasslands for planting beans, with values strongly concentrated in the areas of Plateaus, with conversion rates ranging from 8% to 25%. As for forest regeneration processes, geofacies Depression, Plains and Valleys have higher rates of these geofacies between 5% and 20%. In contrast, classes more forest regeneration showed no patterns among geofacies. In an overview, the study showed that the insertion occurred dynamics of mechanized agriculture next to highways and livestock is still deforesting vector in the municipality. Already the Forest Plantation this consolidation process in the region and is not very representative area. With the database was possible to define the limits of geofacies and from them verify the dynamics of using existing land in Paragominas, reflecting the same land use dynamics (agricultural transition, deforestation, forest degradation, among others) that are occurring in the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Paisagem e retrato: pintura e filosofia em "Humano, demasiado humano" de Nietzsche
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-30) LÉDO, Thiago Moura; CHAVES, Ernani Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5741253213910825
What is the philosophical orientation that Nietzsche put to himself in Human, All Too Human when he demands such consideration: “The philosophers are used to put themselves in front of life and experience as they were like a painting developed once for all, as a event painted”? In the second volume of the same work there is another aphorismus close to this one: “All the thinkers (philosophers, writers ...) are painters-thinkers (Maler-Denker) that paint their lives, and some of them impose to themselves the “absurd task” to paint „the’ life, in a excessive anxiety. How to caracteriza this position after that? Philosophy and Paiting set a relation that grows in a apropriate oportunity of Human, all too human’s contexto, despite it comes from precedents like the sketch of philosophical portraits in Philosophy in the Greek Tragic Era and the ulterior “Philosophical Autobiography”: the 86‟s Prefaces and Ecce homo. The most importante here is the imagetic and aphorismatic caracterization of Nietzsche‟s works in his “middle and positivist period”. Two ways put bases in this relation between philosophy and painting: 1) the necessity of contextualization grounded in a historical philosophy, 2) together with the moviment of individualization that do not complet a unit, but it constantly transfigure itself. Here one seeks to explain contextualization and individualization, that is, the landscape and portrait are methods of painting that Nietzsche used in philosophy, through the way that both converge to the problems of devir or problems of the historical sense.
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Paisagens de Belém: história, natureza e pintura na obra de Antônio Parreiras, 1895-1909
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-10-30) ARRAES, Rosa Maria Lourenço; FIGUEIREDO, Aldrin Moura de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4671233730699231
This research has as an objective the analysis of the paintings from the artist Antônio Diogo Parreiras that are made in the beginning of the twenty century and that are property from the Belém’s Art Museum. They are images from a city that have an equatorial landscape and wich is one of the most representative urban sets from the brazilians cities, a legacy from a time that was called “ The Rubber Boom”. This event brought to the North of Brazil in the beginning of the twenty century, several artists, including the painting Antônio Diogo Parreiras, that made a painting exposition. The Parreiras works that registered the city of Belém are the most important register from the history of this place. They are made inside a context that includes many intelectuals and another brazilians artists. They consist like an iconography that possesss in itself irrefutable narratives, offering to the people that see his work, a society register from your environment, configuring the art work like a reading that makes possible the discovery of many points that help us in the hard work of understanding our Social History from the Amazonia.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O papel relativo da configuração da paisagem, fatores naturais e manejo da terra na estrutura e diversidade de florestas secundárias no leste da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-29) LIZON ROMANO, Leon Pastor; FERREIRA, Joice Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1679725851734904
Secondary forests cover about 23% of deforested areas of the Brazilian Amazon. Although they have clear differences with primary forests, forests in succession have undeniably ecological, social and economic importance. The eastern region of the Amazon, specifically the area known as arc of deforestation, presents a fragmented landscape, characterized by several land uses and large extent of secondary forests. This study aimed to evaluate the relative role of landscape variables, natural variables and use and soil management on the structure and floristic diversity of secondary forests in the southeast of Pará. We surveyed 20 secondary forests along an age gradient from 5 to 20 years. In each fragment, were established: i) transects of 10 x 250m (0.25 ha) to study the plants with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10cm (DBH ≥10cm) in plots of 10 x 10m (total 25 ) ii) 5 subplots of 5 x 20m nested within the transects to study the plants (DBH) <10cm and ≥2cm. (DBH <10cm). Structural variables were measured (plant density, height, basal area, number of stems) and species diversity variables (richness, and Shannon and Simpson diversity index) considering trees, palm trees and lianas. A set of landscape configuration variables for each fragment were considered (eg. Size, perimeter, distance and proportion of primary forest and total forest in a radius of 500 m, 1 km and 3 km); natural variables (altitude and slope) and the historical use of each transect: land use intensity index (LUI) and number of agricultural cycles. The history of land use was assessed by a combination of satellite images time series and interviews with landowners. We undertook analyses with RandomForest package in the R software environment. Structural and diversity parameters had great variation among the 20 secondary forests studied. Variables such as height and basal area have not grown consistently over the age gradient. The percentage of variation of the response variable explained by the models ranged from 0 to 38.75%. In general, all categories of variables (age, landscape, natural factors, land management) contributed to explain the variation in the data, but the landscape variables were those that contributed the most (20.44 to 66.92%) . Age was not the most important factor to explain structural parameters except the liana density (54.17%) which reduced in forests from 15 years. In contrast, age was a major factor explaining the diversity of species of plants DAP≥10cm (Simpson index). Along with the lanscape, age explained the total variation in diversity (57.60% and 42.49, respectively). The land use management variables were important to explain the basal area of the individuals DAP≥10cm and DBH <10cm (25.22% and 36.19%, respectively). All landscape variables investigated helped to explain the structural parameters and diversity, most explaining over 50% of the variation. The area, perimeter and perimeter-area ratio of the fragments best explained the structural parameters and species richness. On the other hand, the diversity of Simpson was mainly explained by the cover of primary forest; distance to the primary forest (1 km) and distance to forests (primary and secondary). The natural variables (slope and altitude), as well as the municipality, which includes natural variations between sites were more important in explaining the variation in density and basal area in DBH <10cm plants. Overall, while a combination of prior land use, landscape and natural environmental changes were important for the regeneration of the structure of forests, coverage of primary forests and the distance remaining forests (primary and secondary) were important to the initial recovery in species diversity. The patterns reported in the present study are important to understanding the drivers of regeneration and for informing decisions regarding restoration strategies in this most deforested region of the Brazilian Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Para além das formas e das funções: preservação e gestão da paisagem do Centro Histórico de Belém (CHB) na perspectiva do espaço como instância e produção social
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-10-31) FERREIRA, Rachel Sfair da Costa; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762041788112837
Nowadays, many Brazilian cities suffer from a growing disability of keeping alive and attractive its historic areas caused by land use transformations deriving from the dynamism of contemporary times. Learning a city's historic area, identifying its values and/or spacial cofiguration meanings and its landscape components in the middle of a society movement, is the first step of analysis, in addition to it serving as a base for social and urban plans and projects that look not only to preserve it but to integrate it to a contemporary life style. This present work takes into consideration the “Historic Center of Belem” (HCB), in the Brazilian Amazon, as a social space containning shape and content. The intervention process on this historic center has been changing it through many spacial actions. Those intervention processes, most of the time, are more focused on the management of shape and function than the social management of its historic centers. By not taking in consideration this auto explaining social space, this research utilizes social and spacial categories (structure, process, function and shape) which explain the space social production, in order to learn dialectical relations between physical shape and actions during history. The general objective of this research was to analize the HCB spacial configuration from the preservationist management of its landscape elements, trying to learn the meaning of created shapes and the changes of its uses along the time, from the understanding of both its structures (where they were coming from, the historic context) and the processes that were responsible for their origins. We realized from the interventions on the HCB, that the spacial shape and its use are the most considered elements of bases for this area’s plans and urban projects, leaving behind other components and elements of this space, such as social relations. In this case, the central argument sustained during this research was that the social space categories (structure, process, shape and use) that helped explain the current origin of Belem’s urban landscape, which most of the time, is not taken into consideration as base for new laws, plans and urban projects on the HCB. With that in mind, the preservationist kind of management cannot handle the total spacial history of this historic center, in a way that the value appropriation and/or meaning is materialized by a shape and use management, leaving behind the structures and processes that gave birth to these same shape and functions of the HCB.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Percepção ambiental e dinâmica geoecológica: premissas para o planejamento e gestão ambiental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12) PAULA, Eder Mileno Silva de; SILVA, Edson Vicente da; GORAYEB, Adryane
It is necessary to plan the actions of humans in nature, organizing sustainable interventions within environmental limits, and manage natural resources through comparisons with other landscapes already changed. But, part of the actions of environmental planning and management occur through sectoral analyzes, and without understanding how the local population perceives the nature. In this article we discuss about the geoecological landscape analysis and its relationship with the complex thinking and the importance of environmental education as a means of dissemination of geoecological knowledge of the landscape. It proposes fundamental elements for environmental planning and management of natural resources, through considerations about the need for knowledge of the environmental perception of social actors on their actions on the natural environment, and the impact of these actions on the local geoecological dynamics. The land use contribute significantly to changes in local environmental dynamics. Thus, the understanding of the geoecological dynamics, such as environmental perception of local communities, should be seen as premises for development of environmental planning and management