Navegando por Assunto "Palma de óleo"

Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento local e óleo de palma na Amazônia: interfaces entre o global e o local
(Universidade da Amazônia, 2013-11) SILVA, Elielson Pereira da
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de inimigos naturais em cultivos de palma de óleo Elaeis guineensis implantados em sistemas agroflorestais para agricultura familiar
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-30) ESPIRITO SANTO, Lorena Nunes do; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887
The cultivation of palm oil or palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a promising alternative for the recovery of degraded areas in the Brazilian Amazon, and promote the establishment of man in the field. However, when established in monoculture systems presents favorable conditions for the emergence and proliferation of insect pests, especially borers and defoliators. Thus, this research aimed to identify and quantify the diversity of insect pests and their natural enemies in three different systems of cultivation of oil palm in the city of Tome-Acu, Para, between May 2009 and January 2010. Two properties of oil palm cultivated as main crop in agroforestry (SAF) with different combinations of land preparation. The third study area was a monoculture oil palm, characterizing the current model of palms growing in the Amazon region. In all areas studied palm oil showed similar age and were monitored during May, June, October, December 2009 and January 2010. Was evaluated in the different systems, the diversity of insect pests and natural enemies in two separate statements: soil and plant canopy. Traps "pitfall" were used for the collection of soil arthropods (particularly predators), while yellow sticky traps were used to capture insects present in the shoots. The rainfall was recorded during the research in all areas studied. The orders with the highest species diversity in biodiverse, and monoculture systems, regardless of the type of trap, were Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Araneae and Coleoptera, which are possibly associated with maintaining the balance of herbivore populations in these environments. The similarity of species collected in pitfall traps and adhesive between the areas studied was influenced by the history of the occupation of the areas and months of collection, and the precipitation effect on the diversity of arthropods collected in the different systems of cultivation of palm oil. Different kinds of ants (eg., Solenopsis and Pheidole) representatives gathered in this research are predators, a fact which reinforces the hypothesis of the same potential to act as natural enemies of pests in these systems. The different systems of cultivation of oil palm evaluated reported great diversity of spiders, possibly by offering diversified food resource availability (eg., Insects) for these generalist natural enemies. This research is the first to record the diversity of soil spiders in oil palm cultivation in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, a fact that provides insights for future studies on the ecological group. Although this study presents results of the first two years of implementation of the cultivation of oil palm in the field, they reveal the importance of studies that aim to assess the influence of biodiverse environments in the maintenance and multiplication of natural enemies to act in the biological control of insect pest of many crops, particularly palms.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efluxo de dióxido de carbono do solo na transição floresta-sistema agroflorestal no município de Tomé Açu, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-31) PINHEIRO, Larissa Paulina Souza; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543
The soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux corresponds to the principal flow of carbon from the biosphere to the atmosphere. Tropical soils, which usually show high moisture and temperature, offer very favorable conditions for the production of CO2 resulting from, the decomposition of organic matter, root respiration and microbial respiration, increasing soil CO2 emission to the atmosphere. Soil management practices influence the controlling factors of the soil carbon stock and CO2 emission. A greater understanding of this influence has stimulated studies on all ecosystems, which, among other things, seek to identify and/or develop practices that increase carbon storage and reduce the emission of soil CO2, as is the case of agroforestry. Due to the large global scientific interest in understanding the physical and biological processes involving CO2 fluxes between the surface and the atmosphere, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of the transition from secondary forest to oil palm-based agroforestry systems on the soil CO2 efflux and soil biotic and abiotic factors. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Tomé Açu, northeast Pará, in a project which has been investigating models of palm oil production systems in agrosilvicultural arrangements in the context of smallholder agriculture. The soil CO2 efflux was measured with a portable photosynthesis measurement system (LI-6400) coupled to a soil respiration chamber. We also measured soil gravimetric moisture and temperature, soil respiration (SR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil organic carbon, fine roots stock and litter stock in two AFS and a remaining secondary forest. Measurements of CO2 efflux and soil and plant sampling were taken between January and April 2015 and were carried out fortnightly. The soil CO2 efflux was mainly influenced by soil temperature and moisture in both agroforestry systems. The forest-AFS transition significantly affected the soil CO2 efflux, fine roots, MBC and SR. The transition from secondary forest to AFS with oil palm and the spatial variability of the species or arrangement of the systems affected the soil quality. These changes may be linked to impacts of changes in the structure and species composition of the systems and the management of soil organic matter.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência da variação sazonal de atributos de fertilidade do solo sobre a biomassa microbiana em uma cronosseqüencia de plantio de palma de óleo (Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés) no Nordeste Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-02-19) SILVA JUNIOR, Alberto Cruz da; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
Brazil has about 32 million hectares of areas with capability to oil palm’s expansion and more than 90% of these are in the Amazon. There is need to understand the interaction of new plantations and its development with the environment. This study was conducted in Dende do Pará SA (DENPASA), commercial plantations company, and aimed to evaluate precipitation’s seasonal variation on the soil fertility and thus on soil biomass in a chronosequence of oil palm plantations with 5, 8 and 12 years and secondary forestry. We measured / estimated and correlated the attributes carbon microbial biomass (CSMB), total carbon (CTOTAL), total nitrogen (NTOTAL), soil basal respiration (SBR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), carbon microbial biomass / total carbon ratio (CBMS: CTOTAL), carbon / nitrogen ratio (C / N), gravimetric moisture (Ug), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), effective exchange capacity of cations (CTC) and aluminum saturation (m). The CBMS was the attribute most sensitive to differentiate areas of study and dry and rainy seasons. Chemical characteristics of soil fertility and soil microbial biomass were correlated stronger and in greater numbers during the rainy season. Chemical attributes of soil fertility and soil microbial biomass presented correlation more strong and in greater numbers during the rainy season. The microbial indices qCO2 and CBMS:CTOTAL proved that conventional planting areas can be relatively efficient in relation to C dynamics compared to secondary forest area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem da palma de óleo na Amazônia: redução da adequabilidade climática até o final do século
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-29) MENEZES, José Felipe Gazel; ARAÚJO, Alessandro Carioca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6188087583954899; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-5087
The Amazon has historically suffered from deforestation. From the end of the 1960s to the present day, the occupation process has always been carried out in a disorderly manner. In addition to this fact, there are local problems characteristic of the Amazon region, such as land grabbing and invasion. Therefore, such factors help to explain why the Amazon region has extensive deforested and abandoned areas. This work highlights oil palm monoculture as an alternative to reintegrate and transform abandoned areas into productive areas. Additionally, the importance of oil palm production for the global and local market is presented, and how climate change may affect oil palm production in future scenarios. A surface model developed by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) is used to estimate oil palm production. This study was conducted in an oil palm monoculture with interspecific hybrid (HIE), generated from the cross between the species Elaeis guineensis Jacq (African) and Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés (American). Subsequently, by building a species distribution model, we estimate how areas climatically suitable for oil palm cultivation may change in the future, based on IPCC climate change scenarios.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variação temporal do efluxo de dióxido de carbono CO² do solo em sistemas agroflorestais com palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis) na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-20) SILVA, Carolina Melo da; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543
The Amazon region has been subjected to continuous deforestation and expansion of land use for the implementation of activities such as cattle ranching, logging, agriculture, mining and urbanization. The burning and decomposition of forest biomass releases gases that contribute to global warming, such as carbon dioxide (CO2). In this context, there is interest in assessing the dynamics of soil CO2 efflux in the Amazon, especially in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) agroforestry systems, due to the current large expansion of this crop in the state of Pará, which has become one of the largest producers of the country. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of soil CO2 efflux in palm oil cultivation in agroforestry systems in the Amazon considering temporal and biotic and abiotic factors that directly influence this process. We quantified biotic factors: microbial biomass, total soil carbon, soil basal respiration, fine root and soil zone of influence of planted species, and abiotic factors: moisture and soil temperature, in two oil palm-based agroforestry systems (adubadeiras and biodiverso systems), during the dry and rainy periods. The results showed that the highest soil CO2 efflux occurred during the rainy season, probably due to increased microbial activity during this period influenced by climatic factors coupled with biotic factors. The biodiverso system showed higher soil efflux than the fertilizer adubadeiras system, probably due to increase biological activity in former system. The soil CO2 efflux showed no strong correlation with the tested variables. It was concluded that the soil CO2 efflux was influenced by rainfall seasonality only. The fact that the systems were be too young (~3 yr-old) may represent the main factor for a lack of stronger relationship of soil CO2 efflux and the variables analyzed.