Navegando por Assunto "Paracetamol"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Effect of copaiba oil in hepatic damage induced by acetaminophen in rats
(Sociedade Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Cirurgia, 2013-07) TEIXEIRA, Renan Kleber Costa; YAMAKI, Vitor Nagai; YASOJIMA, Edson Yuzur; BRITO, Marcus Vinicius Henriques
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of copaiba oil on the hepatic damage induced by paracetamol. METHODS: Thirty six rats were distributed into six study groups (N=6): control group, that didn't receive the acetaminophen; Acetaminophen Group, that only received the acetaminophen; Prophylactic Copaiba Group 1, that received copaiba oil two hours before the acetaminophen; Prophylactic Copaiba Group 7, that received copaiba oil seven days, once by day, before the acetaminophen; Therapy Copaiba Group, that received the copaiba oil two hours afther the acetaminophen; and N-Acetyl-Cysteine Group, , that received the N-Acetyl-Cysteine two hours afther the acetaminophen. Euthanasia was performed after 24 hours. The serum levels of AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, GT, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin and histological analisis were analized. RESULTS: The prophylactic copaiba group 7, therapy copaiba group and N-Acetyl-Cysteine Group showed amounts of AST and ALT similar to the control group; and the prophylactic copaiba group 1 showed similar levels to the acetaminophen group. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the amount of alkaline phosphatase and GT (p>0.05). The therapy copaiba group showed the highest levels of bilirubin and was statistically different from the other groups (p<0.01) and this increased the costs of direct bilirubin. Regarding histopathology, the oil of copaiba administered prophylactic or therapeutic form for 7 days could decrease the amount of necrosis and inflammatory infiltrate. CONCLUSION: Copaiba oil administered prophylactically for seven days, and therapeutic could reduce liver damage caused by paracetamol similarly N-Acetyl-Cysteine, however, when treated with copaiba therapeutically showed increases in bilirubin, costs increasing fraction indirect.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Síntese, capacidade antioxidante e estudo comparativo entre fenilhidrazonas e chalconas como derivados do paracetamol
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) BELEZA FILHO, Raimundo Ferreira Gouvea Pimentel; BORGES, Rosivaldo dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4783661132100859
The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PGES) and cytochrome P-450 are key enzymes in human, which are responsible for analgesic effect and toxicity of acetaminophen, respectively. Acetaminophen or paracetamol is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drug and appears to be safe if used in normal therapeutic doses, but large doses of ACP produce hepatic and/or renal injury in humans and in experimental animals. At moment, the design of new acetaminophen derivatives has few impacts for its clinical applications of safe acetaminophen derivative. Thus, in this work a series of acetaminophen derivatives based on chalcone and hydrazone analogy was been investigated using quantum chemical calculations at the DFT/B3LYP theory level, with the 6-31G* basis sets. The HOMO, IP, BDEOH, and spin density contribution for the oxidation of an initial electron or hydrogen atom abstraction from the phenolic hydroxyl group was related with the quenching reactivity of tyrosyl radical to give N-acetyl-p-benzosemiquinone imine (NAPSQI). The second hydrogen abstraction was related with the chemistry reaction between amide group and hydroxyl radical to give N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). The lowest BDEOH values were related with higher quenching values of the tyrosyl radical and the stability was related with the spin density for the initial electron or hydrogen abstractions. The highest BDENH values were related with small NAPQI formation and LUMO values with reactivity of NAPQI-like Michael system. Our results showed that some analogous may be a good strategy for safer drug design of analgesic compounds. The compounds were synthesized and their antioxidant property was estimated using theoretical methods. Some compounds can be good antioxidant. A proposed mechanism for the interaction between hydrazone derivatives and PGES was realized using molecular properties.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Toxicidade in vitro e in vivo do ortobenzamol, análogo do paracetamol
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-01-23) QUEIROZ, Luana Melo Diogo de; CRESPO LÓPEZ, Maria Elena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9900144256348265
Paracetamol (PAR) is the non-prescription medicine most used worldwide. However, high doses of PAR produce hepatic and/or renal toxicity. In order to minimize the toxicity of PAR and get better analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, a previous study conducted by modifying the chemical structure of PAR through molecular modeling, gave rise to ortobenzamol (OBZ) – analog of PAR. Thus, the OBZ was synthesized and evaluated in models of nociception and inflammation in animals. The study showed central analgesic activity of OBZ, with superior potency when compared to PAR. In addition, tests showed a significant inhibition in the inflammatory process. However, to the OBZ be able to be considered as an important new therapeutic option for the treatment of pain and/or inflammation is necessary to determine its toxicity. Given that, this study aimed to evaluate the toxicity in vitro and in vivo OBZ and compare it with the PAR. For this purpose, in vitro neurotoxicity was evaluated in primary cultures of cortical neurons through cell viability assays, determination of the levels of total and reduced glutathione, as well as the possible neuroprotective capacity against oxidative stress. In vivo studies were performed in mice, initiated by determining the median effective dose (ED50) of PAR in order to compare it with the OBZ at toxicity models studied. It was determined the liver and brain oxidative stress by analyzing the levels of lipid peroxidation and nitrites. The possible hepatic and renal dysfunction was determined by analyzing plasma enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels and creatinine in the blood. We evaluated changes in clinical parameters through the CBC, WBC and platelet parameters and was held to determine the acute toxicity. The results of this study showed that in the tested doses, ortobenzamol is safer than paracetamol. The ortobenzamol displayed absence of neurotoxicity, less hepatotoxic and hematotoxic potential, absence of nephrotoxicity and also was rated as a xenobiotic with low toxicity after evaluation of acute toxicity. Therefore, the ortobenzamol can be considered as a safer alternative to the treatment of pain and inflammation when compared to paracetamol.