Navegando por Assunto "Peasantry"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ação coletiva e meios de vida: análise das transformações operadas pela Cooperativa dos Pequenos Produtores Agroextrativistas de Lago do Junco (Coppalj) em comunidades do Médio Mearim, MA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-26) NASCIMENTO, Aline Souza; PORRO, Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2282097420081043
The search for better living conditions and commercialization of production led to the emergence of the Cooperative of Small Agroextractive Producers of Lago do Junco (Coppalj), which, since its emergence, has contributed to improve social reproduction conditions for its subjects, through a combination of a range of social, economic and environmental resources, that allow them to guard against lack of opportunities, poverty and marginalization resulting from social injustices. The work seeks to identify the transformations in local livelihoods derived from the combination of strategies adopted by Coppalj and the perceptions of members and non-members about its effectiveness, as well as its contribution to the construction of self-management, peasant autonomy and productive and technological diversification within its territory. The study is based on bibliographic and documentary consultation, combined with semi-structured and interactive interviews in communities where Coppalj operates. It demonstrates how, with its policy of valuing agricultural and extractive production, the cooperative collaborated for the emergence of new perspectives and the increase in families‟ access to income. It also highlights the actions taken by peasants during agrarian conflicts, which resulted in the creation of organizations that have played an important role in guaranteeing their rights, and the contribution of actions of the Catholic Church to peasant political organization in the Mearim Valley.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Do uso comum ao parcelamento da terra: as transformações territoriais em uma comunidade camponesa do Baixo Acará, Acará/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-29) JESUS, Edenilze Conceição Silva de; TORRES, Mauricio Gonsalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3514108376561503
This research analyses territorial changes and on a traditional farmer community called Centro Alegre, located on Baixo Acará region, Acará /PA, North East of Pará, over the past two decades. It's about an ethnographic research that was made based on qualitative and quantitative approaches, with information obtained by semi structured pools, by observing participants and historical interviews. The community estudied organized from common land use and access to natural resources. But, in the early 2000s, the community's territory is crossed by a highway and this triggers a series of transformations, including, resulting in a parceling of the communal land occupied in single-family fractions, which generates significant transformations in the group's socioterritorial organization. This research revealed that with the parceling out of the community's lands, there was a significant decrease in its territory and a process of selling land fractions started. Of the total of 13 parcels of land in which the community was divided, only three remain integral, without having been sold at least one piece. Of the remaining ten, six were broken up and had some portion sold, and four were sold entirely. Ethnographic research in the community, with observation in the form of territorial occupation, revealed that families today live in a context of strong limitations of natural resources in their plots, reaching the point that most of them have no more gardens. It was also observed that the community has undergone profound changes in social relations between the individuals that constitute it.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mobilidade espacial de agricultores familiares em áreas de assentamento: um estudo de caso no PDS Anapu - Estado do Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-03-24) SANTOS, Ione Vieira dos; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
The spatial mobility of family farmers was a key process in the formation of the current Amazonian society, despite the contradictory public policies promoting displacements in the name of a development that never took place as promised. In addressing the issue of spatial mobility of farmers, we consider the history of the Brazilian peasantry, which is the history of struggle for land. In areas of the so-called agrarian reform settlements, it appears that this dynamics, which occurred in the past decades from south to north, in the case of the Transamazonica, it changed, and spatial mobility tends to occur internally, between localities within the region. In the case of the Sustainable Development Project - PDS Anapu and Settlement Expansion Project - PA Itapuama, it was found that access to land has not represented the achievement of the desired relative autonomy, because the conditions offered by the State to the so-called beneficiaries of agrarian reform have not assured the conditions for proper ownership of the land, leading them to new displacements in an attempt to ensure its reproduction as peasants in other spaces. Still, in our research, we conclude that the process of spatial mobility is configured as a reproductive strategy of peasant family, albeit with serious threats to the consolidation of the process of territorialization.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A reforma agrária na Amazônia paraense: implicações do processo de interdição de assentamentos rurais na vida de camponeses do Município de Pacajá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-27) BRITO, Maria Natália Silva; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4262726973211880
This dissertation analysis contradictions of the Agrarian Reform Program in the Amazon from the conjecture that initiated due to interdiction process of rural settlements in this region. Part of the historical agrarian policy in Brazil, verifies and reflects on the maintenance of the founded land structure grounded in this huge property. In the Amazon, the speeches that favored the peasant agriculture, turned into actions that benefited, in fact, the start of this huge capital in this region was through the policy of subsidies and tax fiscal incentives. Since the analysis of the two rural settlements located in the municipality of Pacajá-Pará that were banned by the federal justice in the year of 2007, the settlement of the Anapuzinho and the settlement of the Cupuzal demonstrate a distortion of the agrarian reform. Misconceptions in the bureaucratic procedures performed by the government land agency-the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA) prevented the access of peasants to the official programs. The peasants still maintain in the area despite of the state omission in the formalization of the incorporation of these lands in the productive process of the country and the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Trajetórias e concepções do cooperativismo camponês no nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-05-06) ROCHA, André Carlos de Oliveira; SABLAYROLLES, Philippe Jean Louis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7201576326250482; ASSIS, William Santos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0188412611746531
The cooperativism emerged as an alternative to capitalism. In Brazil, two trends have developed, one traditional/business and one popular/solidarity.It is asked: what factors influence the trajectory of a peasant cooperative, its conceptions, contradictions and novelties, considering whether they tend towards a logic of traditional cooperativism or popular cooperativism? The general objective was to analyze the conceptions, contradictions and novelties of the peasant cooperative movement.The research was of the quantitative and qualitative type, with an inductive approach, with a quantitative study of 14 cooperatives and deepened in the case study of three of them, analyzing the categories: work, management, solidarity and emancipation. As instruments of data collection, there are historical interviews, semi-structured interviews, objective questionnaire, timeline, direct observation, documentary and bibliographic research and photographs. Data analysis was carried out by systematization and horizontal and vertical analysis of the interviews, based on hermeneutics-dialectics. In Pará, the impetus for cooperativism took place during the military dictatorship. During the 1990s, NGOs took up work with popular cooperatives, and OCB had a focus on credit unions and the metropolitan region of Belém, only after 2015 to focus on the agricultural sector and cooperatives linked to family farming. The diagnosis made shows that peasant cooperatives in the studied regions present the majority of cooperatives without salaried workers, half have agribusiness, more than half participate in fairs and marketing networks, more than three quarters of them trade with non-members, all it holds a general assembly and board meetings, solidarity actions with communities are not prioritized, intercooperation is carried out by almost all cooperatives. nd in the agribusiness, by the working partners. It is concluded that the cooperatives in the region are designed to solve an economic problem, of income improvement from the commercialization of agricultural products. When linked to the union struggle, a class debate is added. Contradictions appear in their practices, either in relation to the exchange value of work overlapping its use value, or in representative democracy taking the place of the participation of the partners, or even, in the erasure of the value of solidarity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vila Braba: território e parentesco em uma sociedade camponesa no Baixo Tocantins (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07-12) GONÇALVES, Arleth de Jesus Fiel; SANTOS, Sônia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2136454393021407
The present study analyzes the delimitation and territorial use by a peasant group known as Pereirada, that lived in a community called Vila Braba, located in the county of Cametá/Pará. This Amazon community was born of a long process of displacement bordering the water courses of the great Tocantins River. To achieve what was intended, a particularized approach was necessary, which was permitted by ethnography and its operational tools. To this was added the use of theoretical concepts believed to be keys to the intent, such as kinship and territory, since it was interesting to unveil nuances of production and social reproduction of the group, aspects that go through the way they make use of the territory, which in turn is shaped by kinship relations. In this use, several social units are composed and decomposed, preserving the indivisibility of the land acquired by mercantile means associated with the common use of the nature fields, the streams and the forest. A territoriality based on kinship relations, with predominance of what we call territorial inbreeding, and weakened by the continuous process of private appropriation of the lands and by the biological impoverishment of hunting and gathering areas. Threats to their territoriality, and to their territory, imply the disappearance of this specific group, since the conditions necessary for their social reproduction would no longer exist. It is necessary, therefore, to guarantee its territory in order to keep the reproduction and existence of this follow-up of the Amazonian and Tocantino peasantry.