Navegando por Assunto "Peixe"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 144

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acordos de pesca: desafios de implementação e consolidação em áreas de várzea do município de Gurupá, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-03) COSTA, Pâmela Melo; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
Considering the context in which many decisions Amazon to protect and conserve the environment for the region often arise vertically, with no participation of the users of natural resources, local community in decision-making processes, and end up forgetting the empirical experiences this population is that they did this study. Through the methodological techniques: direct observation, application of semi-structured interviews, analysis of monitoring data sheets, we tried to look at the context of life gurupaense, especially those living on the floodplains of the municipality, and has considered agroextractivists activity fishing source of protein, income and who has been practicing in a shared mechanism of the Fisheries Agreement as a way of managing this activity. The research focuses on the Community Management of Shrimp implementation process and consolidate the participation of experts, NGOs and financing projects, as well as the social, economic and environmental conditions in periods in which there was or not the work of that outside mediation. The study showed that participation of outside mediation stimulated organizational processes and provided the local collective action, which even with the termination of support, self-management and community force is passed on to younger generations, but the study also shows that the challenge best indicators for the environmental levels is required technical support to promote scientific research in the field of Population Dynamics of Fish Stocks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alimentação, distribuição espacial e sazonal das espécies de Arius (Siluriformes : Ariidae) do Estuário amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-08-30) MENDES, Fabrício Lemos de Siqueira; BARTHEM, Ronaldo Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4192105831997326
The Family Ariidae (Order Siluriformes) contains marine and estuarine catfishes distributed along the coasts of ali the continents, inhabiting tropical and subtropical shores where they live in shallow waters with sandy or muddy bottoms. In the Amazon River estuary in Pará State, Brazil, there are seven species belonging to the genus Anus (A. couma, A. parkeri, A. rugispinis, A. quadriscutis, A. grandicassis, A. phrygiatus e A. proops). The aim of this study is to identify feeding preference, feeding overlap, spatial distribution and seasonal distribution of the species of genus Anus (Siluriformes, Ariidae) of the Annazon stuary. Collections were made from August to October 1996, and February to April and August to October 1997. Specimens were captured with bottom nets without escape doors belonging to the piramutaba fishing fleet of the Amazon estuary. There are two species groups in the genus Anus: those that feed on crustaceans (A. rugispinis, A. quadriscutis, A. grandicassis, A. phtygiatus e A. proops), and those that feed on fish (A. couma, A. parken). In relation to feeding overlap, ali the species demonstrated a certain degree of feeding overlap, as well as spatial overlap. A. couma and A. phrygiatus. are the most abundant in the 5-10 m depth range and A. rugispinis, A. quadriscutis, A grandicassis and A. parkeri e A. proops in the 10-20 m range. A. phrygiatus is the only species that has a greater abundance during the rainy season, and the other species are present both in the dry as well as the rainy season.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
An anatomopathological study of hepatic coccidiosis (Calyptospora sp.) in the Acará-pixuna, Aequidens plagiozonatus Kullander, 1984 from the Brazilian state of Pará
(2013-02) VIDEIRA, Marcela Nunes; SILVA, Michele Velasco Oliveira da; TORTELLY, Rogério; MENEZES, Rodrigo Caldas; SÃO CLEMENTE, Sérgio Carmona de; MATOS, Edilson Rodrigues
The present study focuses on the anatomopathological alterations provoked by parasitism by Calyptospora sp. in 40 specimens of Aequidens plagiozonatus collected in Pará, Brazil. Examinations of the fresh material by compression of the hepatopancreas and histological sections showed immature forms and oocysts characteristic of the genus Calyptospora, in addition to a large quantity of melanomacrophagic centers spread throughout the organ. No significant inflammation of the hepatic tissue was observed. The melanomacrophagic centers and the compression of the hepatocytes are part of the response of the host to the parasite. This study represents the first record of parasitism by Calyptospora in A. plagiozonatus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise sensorial de músculo de mapará com e sem tratamento osmótico
(2010-05) RIBEIRO, Suezilde da Conceição Amaral; PARK, Kil Jin; HUBINGER, Miriam Dupas; RIBEIRO, Carmelita de Fátima Amaral; ARAUJO, Eder Augusto Furtado; TOBINAGA, Satoshi
The objective of this work was the sensorial evaluation of mapará meat, in natura and without osmotic pre-treatment before drying. For the acceptability test of the mapará fish muscle bisquit, the in natura fish samples were used and dried under optimum osmotic dehydration conditions, in solutions of NaCl, NaCl + sucrose and in solution of NaCl + corn syrup solution before drying. 25 not trained testers were used, of both sex, ages ranging from 20 to 60 years. The evaluated sensorial attributes of the samples were appearance, aroma, flavor, texture and overall impression. The aroma and texture of the samples with and without osmotic pre-treatment were the ones most widely accepted by the consumers. It is concluded that the samples treated with osmotic solutions, with the exception of those processed with NaCl + corn syrup solution, provided products with better texture, flavor and a more pleasant aroma.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análises populacionais em Lutjanus purpureus (Poey, 1866) da costa atlântica ocidental a partir de marcadores moleculares
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-02) SILVA, Raimundo Darley Figueiredo da; GOMES, Grazielle Fernanda Evangelista; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5740656339448561; SCHNEIDER, Horacio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3621033429800270
Marine organisms with wide distribution are excellent models for the understanding of historical genetic connectivity patterns. Lutjanus purpureus, or Caribbean snapper, as the species is popularly known, is a marine Teleost belonging to the Family Lutjanidae. The species distribution is from Cuba to the Northeast of Brazil, being often found on rocky and sandy bottoms. It has high economic importance, however there are few studies available on the genetic architecture of the species. Of major goals of this study, the first deals with the development and characterization of the EPIC primers, for population approaches in L. purpureus, and others marine teleosts. The characterization of genomic regions with sufficient polymorphism to population analysis is fundamental for genetic studies with multiple unlinked regions. Were obtained eight primers, and the majority has high levels of genetic variation. EPIC primers have the advantage of being applicable on a wide taxonomic level, thereby these primers were tested and amplified in other taxonomic groups of organisms, so that an indication can be useful in various approaches to intraspecific groups of marine fish. The second main objective was to evaluate issues of genetic diversity, demographics and historical genetic connectivity for L. purpureus using multiple loci (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA). It was found high levels of genetic diversity, probably related to a high effective size presented by species. The Caribbean snapper apparently shows high levels of genetic homogeneity along of the study area, which is consistent with biological traits of species such as spawning in offshore and larval pelagic development. In relation to aspects of historical demography, a population growth scenario is presented, whose beginning is dated about 170,000 years, this period being congruent with a period of glacial maximum to the region of the western Atlantic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Analysis of fish assemblages in sectors along a salinity gradient based on species, families and functional groups
(2013-12) PASSOS, Ana Carolina dos; CONTENTE, Riguel Feltrin; ABBATEPAULO, Felippe Veneziani; SPACH, Henry Louis; VILA, Ciro Colodetti; JOYEUX, Jean Christophe; CARTAGENA, Beatriz Fernanda Chinchilla; FÁVARO, Luis Fernando
Here we test the effects of the east-west salinity gradient in the subtropical Paranaguá Bay Estuarine Complex (PEC) on the structure of shallow water fish fauna, determined according to taxonomic (families and species) and functional composition metrics. A total of 152 species were observed. The families with the largest number of species were the Sciaenidae, Carangidae, Haemulidae and Gobiidae. The most abundant species were Atherinella brasiliensis, Harengula clupeola, Anchoa januaria and Anchoa tricolor. Marine stragglers dominated in number of species, followed by marine migrants and estuarine species. Most species were zoobenthivores, followed by piscivores and zooplanktivores. Families and species more frequently associated with estuarine conditions dominated in the mesohaline sector, and those more frequently associated with marine conditions dominated in the euhaline sector. The fish assemblages along the estuarine salinity gradient were found to be better characterized by taxonomic metrics than by functional ones. This is most likely because individuals of all functional groups inhabit all salinity sectors, and thus these metrics are not useful for differentiating assemblages along salinity gradients. Our results differ from those of other studies in tropical and subtropical estuaries, which have emphasized the importance of functional groups in determining fish assemblages along salinity gradients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Analysis of propagule pressure and genetic diversity in the invasibility of a freshwater apex predator: the peacock bass (genus Cichla)
(2014-03) CARVALHO, Daniel Cardoso de; OLIVEIRA, Denise Aparecida Andrade de; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha; BEHEREGARAY, Luciano Bellagamba
An important step in invasive biology is to assess biological variables that could be used to predict invasion success. The study of genetics, evolution, and interactions of invasive and native species in invaded ranges provides a unique opportunity to study processes in population genetics and the capability of a species' range expansion. Here, we used information from microsatellite DNA markers to test if genetic variation relates to propagule pressure in the successful invasion of an apex predator (the Amazonian cichlid Cichla) into Southeastern Brazilian River systems. Invasive populations of Cichla have negatively impacted many freshwater communities in Southeastern Brazil since the 1960s. Reduction of genetic variation was observed in all invasive populations for both Cichla kelberi (CK) and Cichla piquiti (CP). For instance, heterozygosity was lower in the invasive range when compared to native populations from the Amazon basin (CP HE = 0.179/0.44; CK HE = 0.258/0.536 respectively). Therefore, despite the successful invasion of Cichla in southeast Brazil, low genetic diversity was observed in the introduced populations. We suggest that a combination of factors, such as Cichla's reproductive and feeding strategies, the "evolutionary trap" effect and the biotic resistance hypothesis, overcome their depauperete genetic diversity, being key aspects in this apex predator invasion.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Application of the comet assay in erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces): a methodological comparison
(2009) CHRISTOFOLETTI, Cintya Aparecida; DAVID, José Augusto de Oliveira; FONTANETTI, Carmem Silvia
The present study applied the comet assay to erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus with the aim of improving protocols to detect DNA damage in these cells, by using two distinct pHs (pH = 12.1 and pH > 13) and evaluating whether there is a correspondence between silver and ethidium bromide staining. Comets were visually examined and, the frequency of cells with and without damage was obtained, as well as the distribution of classes and scores. By using the Kruskal-Wallis test, our results revealed that pH 12.1 is more effective, although both pHs can be used. Our findings also suggest that silver staining can substitute ethidium bromide, an expensive and highly toxic stain that requires specific equipment for examination.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos ecológicos do bacu-pedra Lithodoras dorsalis (Valenciennes, 1840) (Siluriformes: Doradidae) na foz amazônica, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) BARBOSA, Thiago Augusto Pedroso; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099
The aim of this study was investigate the ecological aspects related to the rock-bacu Lithodoras dorsalis (Siluriformes: Doradidae) from streams next to the city of Abaetetuba, Pará, Brazil. The aspects investigated were: feeding ecology and dispersal of plant diaspores (seeds). The study of feeding ecology and seed dispersal are important because they provide essential information for understanding the relationship between ichthyofauna and environment, allowing the taking of effective measures in the conservation of species and ecosystems. The samplings were carried out monthly from July 2010 to June 2011. In this period, 371 specimens of L. dorsalis were collected and through analysis of the gonads was found that all were immature. The average standard length was equal to 15.40 cm (SD ± 4.87 cm) and average total mass equal to 94 g (SD ± 149.45). The diet of the species was composed by 28 food items (16 allochthonous origin and 12 autochthonous origin) and Lithodoras dorsalis was classified as herbivore with a strong tendency to frugivory due to the high importance of fruits and seeds in your diet. With regard to the intensity of obtaining food by the rock-bacu, there were differences between the pluviometric periods, where the end of the transitional period wet-drought and early drought periods represented the lowest and highest feeding activity, respectively. However, there were no significant difference to the importance of the items consumed between the pluviometric periods, the diet of species was similar throughout the sampling period. About the dispersal of seeds, 268 (74.93%) of 371s pecimens of Lithodoras dorsalis showed fruit and vegetable seeds in their stomachs, the main being the assai Euterpe oleracea Mart., the aninga Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott and the buriti Mauritia flexuosa Mart. For analysis we used the assai seeds Euterpe oleracea Mart. and aninga Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott for reaching enough samples. From the analysis of the digestive tract of the rock-bacu was found that all plant diaspores of Euterpe oleracea Mart. were found intact, with an increase in performance of this plant germination, but this did not occur to aninga Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott, because the digestion process destroyed some seeds. Thus it was concluded that Lithodoras dorsalis is a potential disperser of assai Euterpe oleracea Mart. in the Amazonian mouth, because in addition to increasing the performance of the seeds germination, there is an increase in the amount of fruits and seeds consumed by the individuals with the increasing of their body size. Finally, given the high consumption of material of allochthonous origin for Lithodoras dorsalis, we highlight the importance of riparian vegetation by providing items such as fruit and seeds, essential in the diet of Neotropical fishes and we emphasize the importance of ictiocoria for plants since many have sessile habit of life and cannot move from one location to another without the aid of dispersers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos ecológicos do cachorro-de-padre Auchenipterichthys longimanus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) em igarapés da Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) FREITAS, Tiago Magalhães da Silva; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099
The aim of this study was evaluate the ecological aspects related to relative growth, size at first maturity, reproduction, energy investment, sex ratio and diet of the driftwood catfish Auchenipterichthys longimanus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) from the rivers of Caxiuanã National Forest, State of Pará, Brazil. The samplings were carried out bimonthly from July 2008 to July 2009. In this period, 625 specimens of A. longimanus were captured, which 338 were females, 251 males and 36 macroscopically undefined individuals. The results indicated a polyphasic growth pattern for both sexes, and the stanza changing point was about 11.5 cm for males and 12.5 cm for females, values close to the estimated size at first maturity (L50). Through the gonadosomatic index (GSI%) was observed reproductive asynchrony between the sexes, where males had higher values of GSI% in January and the females showed a peak in March. We also emphasize the differences in the energy investment patterns between the sexes and maturity, according to Condition Factor (K). In relation to sex ratio, we observed a higher frequency of females at the reproductive period, suggesting a sexual segregation pattern for reproductive purposes, with the possibility of harems formation or reproductive migration. About the diet, A. longimanus was considered omnivorous, tending to insectivorous. However, in March 2009 the catfish A. longimanus was considered frugivorous due to the high consumption of fuits of Virola surinamensis (Myristicaceae). Because of the high occurrence of allochthonous items, this research highlights the importance of the riparian forest as food source for one of the most abundant fish species in the Caxiuanã region. Since the seeds of V. surinamensis remain intact in the stomach, we evaluate the ecological potential of A. longimanus as a seed disperser, checking the seed feasibility after sowing. Thus, we expect to contribute with the ecological knowledge about A. longimanus, the ecology of the Auchenipteridae family, and also the decision-making concerning politic-environmental questions related to the conservation and management of natural fish populations stocks in one of the largest units of conservation in the State of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos reprodutivos e alimentares da piranha Serrasalmus gouldingi fink & machado-allison, 1992 (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) em rios afogados da Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) PRUDENTE, Bruno da Silveira; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099
The present work aimed to evaluate the reproductive biology, condition factor and feeding ecology of Serrasalmus gouldingi in relation to fluviometric variations of lower Anapu River, in “drowned” rivers of Caxiuanã National Forest, Eastern Amazonia, Pará, Brazil. 275 specimens were bimonthly collected during July 2010 to May 2011 and their total length, total weight, gonad and stomach weight were measured. The gonads were analysed histologically to verify the sex and maturation degree, while the stomachs were evaluated through the identification of the consumed items. The sexual proportion did not differ from 1:1considering the studied period as a whole, however the females were more frequent during the transitional periods of drawdown and filing. The species spawning was “parcelada”, showing two peeks of reproductive activity during the periods which preceded the increase in the local fluviometry. The L50 was estimated in 12.24cm for males and in 16.13cm for females. The species growth was positively alometric, showing a gain of weight in relation to length, and the condition factor, when analysed along the entire sample period, decreased mostly during the spawning. The diet of S. gouldingi was composed of 32 items, grouped in 10 categories. The composition indicated an omnivorous diet with a strong tendency to piscivory, once fish fragments were the most predominant item, followed by fruits and seeds and allochthonus arthropods. The distinct hidrological periods were significantly different in relation to diet composition, although no significant difference was detected among sex and maturation degree. Males and females showed the same variation pattern of repletion index, with a more intense feeding during the increase of the river´s level, while it was less intense during the transitional periods (drawdown and filing). The species also showed some variation in their breadth niche, with lower values during the wet period, attributed to the almost exclusive consumption of fruits and seeds.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Assembleias de ciclídeos na área focal da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, médio Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-19) PEREIRA, Ludmilla Costa Ferreira; CAMARGO-ZORRO, Mauricio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5423657235023988
This study aims to know the fish diversity of the family Cichlidae in different habitats (lakes, ressacas and river banks) and habitats (floating macrophytes, branches and beaches) on Sustainable Development Reserve Mamiraua (RDSM), medium Solimoes River, Amazonas. Samples were collected in two periods: 1) Three months sampled in March, July and December 2003 in 21 environments; 2) from September 2003 to August 2004 in five lakes with presence of the floating meadows Eichornia crassipes and Paspalum repens. Were used gillnets, hand nets and seine nets. Were collected 6397 fishes and 350 kilograms, represented in 28 species and 16 genera. Cichlids represented approximately 35% of the total number of fish collected. The composition of the catch was dominated by juvenile forms or small fishes. Mesonauta insignis and Cichlassoma amazonarum dominate in abundance and weight along the study. Species richness was larger in the period I (28 species), while during the period II were recorded 19 species. Nine species were absent in lakes with floating meadows. The study showed that the cichlids moving between environments and habitats of the Reserve in search of better conditions for their survival.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Autenticação molecular de filés de pargo e protocolo forense para Lutjanídeos (Lutjanidae – Perciformes)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-02) VENEZA, Ivana Barbosa; GOMES, Grazielle Fernanda Evangelista; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5740656339448561; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2482763145819602
The demand for seafood has increased remarkably, and because of this, industries have diversified the presentation of fish, offering products processed as fillets, for example. This tendency on the one hand stimulates consumption, but on the other reduces its reliability since processed fish have high replacement rates. The process removes parts of the body used to recognize the species, and then the identification is compromised, especially in a large group of fish with morphological similarities, as is the case of the red snappers of Lutjanidae family. These fish have large worldwide economic interest, and in Brazil the most popular species is the Pargo - Lutjanus purpureus. There are several other factors that favor the replacement of this species: Joint capture the other snappers, inaccurate statistical record, popular nomenclature standard out and mislabelling of product. Therefore, this study investigated whether the fillets sold in supermarkets in Bragança-PA, under the label of "Pargo", to belong to species L. purpureus. Through DNA barcode method was able to detect 22% of the sampled fillets corresponded to the species Rhomboplites aurorubens, low commercial value snapper in the region. The results point to the need to prevent such practices, and provide grant to help fight the replacements, with the competent bodies, industry and supermarkets. Despite the effectiveness of barcode DNA technique for identification, there are more practical and inexpensive methods that have been suggested for the development of authentication protocols fishery products, such as those based on multiplex PCR. In view of the numerous reports of fraud in derivative products snappers, we developed a protocol for forensic identification banding pattern, for three of the main species of red marketed in Brazil: L. purpureus, L. synagris and Ocyurus chrysurus. This protocol is an alternative to be applied both for the supervision, in the search for replacement and so on protection of consumer rights; as in routine commercial and industrial sectors, in order to control quality and ensure the authenticity of products.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da atividade gonadal de machos e fêmeas de pescada branca, Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840), (Pisces, Teleostei, Sciaenidae) no rio Pará (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) NEGRÃO, José Nazareno Cunha; OHASHI, Otávio Mitio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5547874183666459
Male and female adults of P. squamosissimus (Pisces, Teleostei, Sciaenidae) were collected monthly in the Para River that surrounds Capim insland, state of Para (S 010 34. 971` ; W 0480 52.932`), during the month of february 2004 to february 2005, having 234 specimes. The gonads were collected, mounted and processed in accordance with the standard methods of paraffin and analysis using a light microscope. The species under analysis is one of the principal sources of animal protein for the local population, fishing being uninterrupted and intensive throughout the year based on information given by local fisherman, the collection process appears to be determined by an apparent qualiquantitative reduction in local stock. The species represents spawn divisions, the gonad development was characterized in state of repose, maturation, mature and empty or half-empty. Mature gonads were found on the months of december, january and july. Correlation analysis between the maturing state of gonads, seasonal variations in relation to gonadosomatic indexes (GSI) and also the occurrence of spawn in the respective months. Nevertheless, the information obtained in correlation to GSI and mature oocyte mediums and between spermatozoa percentages by seminiferous tubule, respectively, also indicate spawning in the respective months, and apparently that the species represents a more intensive spawning period or a primary spawning period between the months of december and january, and a second or less intensive spawning period in the months of july. Based on the tubular morphology method, eight of the seminiferous epithelium cycle stages (SEC) were determined, stage 1 being seminiferous tubule that are comprised of primary spermatogonia and cysts of the secondary spermatogonia; stage 2 is comprised of primary and seconday spermatogonia and spermatocytes cysts; stage 3 is characterized by primary and secondary spermatogonias, spermatocyte cysts and young spermatids; stage 4 with seminiferous tubule characterized by presence of spermatogonias primary and secondary, spermatocyte and by presence of young and later spermatids cysts; stage 5 represents all of the previously mentioned cells and is highlighted by presence of spermatozoa in the tubule lumen; stage 6 is characterized by reduction of cysts of germinative cells and a considerable increase in number of spermatozoa in the tubular lumen; stage 7 is characterized by seminiferous tubule that contain few cysts of germinative cells and is marked by the begining of a mass emptying of spermatozoa of the tubule lume; stage 8 is the last of the SEC and is characterized by the apparent disorganization of the remaining germinative cellular cysts in the seminiferous tubule.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da biologia reprodutiva de Plagioscion squamosissimus (HECKEL, 1840) e Plagioscion surinamensis (BLEEKER, 1873) no terminal de Vila do Conde e área adjacente (Barcarena - PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-04-29) BARBOSA, Neuciane Dias; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528
The Port of Vila do Conde, situated in the city of Barcarena/PA, have been exposed to a number of environmental disasters in recent years which can eventually cause the disequilibrium of the use that the aquatic resources make of the environment and consequently to the ecosystem as a whole. Artisanal fishery in this region is relevant, detaching Plagioscion squamosissimus and P.surinamensis as the mains sources of income and food for the population. The objective of this study was to describe the areas of concentration and the reproductive biology of P. squamosissimus and P. surinamensis in the adjacent area of Vila do Conde, mainly identifying the importance of the use of these environments for reproduction. Aiming to identify to the period and fishing sites of greater species abundance, it was obtained the index of abundance CPUE (Kg/viagem) based on data collected from June 2007 to May 2008. The determination of the use of the area for reproduction and the description of reproductive biology was based on 40 to 53 individuals of each species collected from the commercial fishery in a bimensal basis. In laboratory, total length and total weight was registered and gonads were removed for the identification of sexual maturity. The abundance of P. squamosissimus is maximum between September and February and for P. surinamensis it is registered between March the May. The weight-length relationship showed isometry for the females of P. squamosissimus and for both sexes of P. surinamensis. For males of P. squamosissimus positive alometry was registered. The sexual ratio was favorable to the males for P. surinamensis (1,05male: 1female) and favorable to the females (1,11female: 1male) for P. squamosissimus. The value of L50 (length at first maturity) for P. squamosissimus was 16,14 cm for females and 21,43 cm for males. The length at first maturity for P. surinamensis was 27,65 cm for females and 27,13 cm for the males. The percentage of individuals in reproduction of the P. squamisissimus is considerable. The peak of the reproduction of this species (October/November and February/March) coincides with the peak of abundance, indicating that this species is in the area for reproduction. P.surinamensis presented greater percentage of immature and maturing individuals, indicating that this species uses this area mainly as a nursery. For P. surimamensis, reproductive individuals was mainly reported in August/September and October/November.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do efeito dos principais itens da dieta natural de Astronotus ocellatus (Cuvier, 1829) da Reserva Mamirauá (AM, Brasil) sobre a sua coloração reprodutiva em ambiente artificial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) CHAVES, Rui Alves; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
In order to test the influence of feeding items in the coloration of acara-açus the present study was carried through two stages. The first one aimed the identification of the main alimentary groups of Astronotus ocellatus diet through the analysis of the stomachal and intestine research. Secondly, it aimed to compare the effect caused by the different groups of diet, in an artificial environment, on the red coloration and the acquisition of corporal mass of the tested individuals. At the first stage the activities had been developed in the Reserve of Sustainable Development Mamirauá (RDSM) were 216 individuals. After the preservation of the digestive tracts these were analyzed qualitatively, under the microscope. The diet items found in the contents had been classified using broad categories such as: molluscs, crustaceans, insects, fish and vegetables, as well as unknown material. The length of the first sexual maturation was calculated. The variation of the water level in the RDSM during the period of the study was obtained from Mamirauá Institute. The in-dake index for each food item was calculated by the product of the frequency of relative occurrence and relative weight of each item and the total of products for all itens identified. The main itens identified were fish, insects and molluscs. Twenty individuals of Astronotus ocellatus had been captured in Marajó Island in febrary/2006, and placed in fifteen (15) glass tanks at the aquacultive station of Utinga (Belém, Pará). On the basis of the results from the first stage and on current literature, five diet treatments were designed for the experiment: T1 - Commercial formula (control); T2 - Fish; T3 - Molluscs, T4 - Insects; T5 - Crustaceans. The analysis of the Index of Intensity of Red Coloration was based on the comparison of the levels of intensity of proportionate color for specific software, and the Index of Increment of the Red Coloration of oceli and the diffuse lateral coloration were calculated. The diet treatment with molluscs resulted in the largest increment of the index of intensity of red coloration in oceli at the end of 20 days. The diet treatment with crustaceans resulted in the largest increment of index of intensity of the diffuse lateral red coloration at the end of 20 days. The animals submitted to almost all the treatments had presented an increase in body mass throughout 40 continous days of experiment, but those fed with molluscs presented a to greater acquisition of biomass.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação dos perigos microbiológicos em uma indústria de beneficiamento de pescados e sugestão de um sistema de gestão de qualidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-21) LIMA, Consuelo Lucia Sousa de; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769; FREITAS, José de Arimatéa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2382745365421156
From among products of animal origin, fish are the most susceptible to deterioration and may represent a risk to health if they are contaminated by pathogenic micro-organisms. Therefore the fish industries must take special care during ali stages of processing. This study evaluated microbiological hazards in the processing line and products in a fish industry and proposes its adaptation to the necessary prerequisites for implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system. Were carried out microbiological and physicochemical analysis of 144 samples (fillets and flitch) of frozen fish of different species collected directly in the industry, were also submitted to microbiological testing 12 ice samples, 24 water samples and 340 samples from surfaces (equipment, tools and gloves handlers). The Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) were evaluated using a checklist applied during five surveys in the industry. Trainings were carried out and evaluated temperatures of raw materials and semi finished products. It was then proposed a HACCP plan for processing line of frozen fish fillet. Among the pathogens evaluated only coagulase positive staphylococci were detected in 2.7% of fish samples, within the limit established by Brazilian law, but above the values established by national legislation for pH and BVT were detected in 18.1% and 3.5% of the samples, respectively. The samples of ice and water were not detected coliforms at 35°C and 45°C. From samples of equipment and utensils analyzeds, 50% and 81.82% were within the recommendations established by OPAS of 1.7 log CFU/cm2 for aerobic mesophilic and coliforms at 45°C, the first and second sampling period, respectively. The gloves, the first sampling period showed counts above 4 log CFU / glove of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms in 76.67% of the samples and in the second period in only 21.67%. In the evaluation of GMP in the first two surveys the industry was classified as High Risk for having submitted the conformities percentage below 50%, and as Medium Risk in subsequent surveys, for answering 51-75% of the recommended items in the check list. With these results it was found that GMPs are not fully implemented in the industry analized, detecting several non-conformities. The development of the HACCP plan was carried out according to the following steps: formation of the team, product description, development of production flowchart, hazard analysis, identification of Critical Control Points (CCPs), establishment of critical limits and corrective actions, and monitoring, records and verification procedures. The proposed implementation of the HACCP plan is applicable and may contribute significantly to the development of fish products with higher quality and food safety.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Bathymetric trends of northeastern Brazilian snappers (Pisces, Lutjanidae): implications for the reef fishery dynamic
(2005-09) FRÉDOU, Thierry; FERREIRA, Beatrice Padovani
The investigation of bathymetric distribution of five snappers caught along the Brazilian Northeastern coast by artisanal fleets through the analysis of the catch composition and relative abundance (CPUE) showed that, on the overall, fished mean size increased along depth and that particular species dominated the catch according to the depth strata. Mutton snapper, L. analis, yellowtail snapper, L. chrysurus, and dog snapper, L. jocu were mainly caught at intermediate depth (20-80m) whereas lane snapper, L. synagris, and silk snapper, L. vivanus, inhabit respectively shallow (<20m) and deep (>80 m) waters. Each fleet category exploited preferentially a particular combination of species and their size range. The fleet dynamic of the Northeast Brazil is technologically heterogeneous and determines the catch composition. Geographical distribution of the fishery and technical interaction between fleets and gears should be considered by the management of these species in order to maintain the sustainability of the stock and to guarantee the continuance of the resource.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biflagellate spermatozoon structure of the hermaphrodite fish Satanoperca jurupari (Heckel, 1840) (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from the Amazon River
(2002-11) MATOS, Edilson Rodrigues; SANTOS, Marcia de Nazaré Sacco dos; AZEVEDO, Carlos José Correia de
The ultrastructural features of the sperm were studied in the hermaphroditic teleost Satanoperca jurupari HECKEL, 1840 from Amazon River. Spermatocytes, spermatids and sperm develop in the testicular cysts among the different oocyte stages. Different stages of early spermatocyte development, mainly the ones with synaptonemal complexes were often observed. The mature spermatozoa belong to the introsperm type, with a short head (~ 3 mm long and 1.3 mm wide) without acrosome, short midpiece (~ 1.2 mm long and 1.8 mm wide) containing several mitochondria surrounding two centrioles and forming a mitochondrial collar. They have two flagella (each ~15 mm long) each of which has a common 9 + 2 microtubular pattern. Each flagellum has two opposite lateral cytoplasmic extensions that begin about 3 mm the midpiece still close to the end piece of flagellum.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biologia e ecologia trófica de Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) (Characiformes: Hemiodontidae) no Rio Araguari, na área de influência da Usina Hidrelétrica Coaracy Nunes, Amapá, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-25) TRINDADE, Paulo Arthur de Abreu; NAHUM, Victoria Judith Isaac; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
This research aims to contribute to the knowledge of biology and trophic ecology of the species H. unimaculatus in Araguari river, in the influence area hydropower Coaracy Nunes, Amapá, Brazil. The study region corresponds to a portion of the river basin Araguari. Samples were collected bimonthly from May 2009 to July 2010. Batteries were used for mesh networks (2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, cm between opposite knots with 10 m x 1.5 m in height) and casting net (15 and 20 mm). The gillnets were exposed during 17 h, with inspects every 3h. The specimens collected were kept on ice and preserved in 10% formalin. They were weighed (Total Weight) and measured (Total Length). Sex was identified from the macroscopic analysis of gonads, which were weighed and preserved in 10% formalin. The stomachs were weighed and preserved in 70% alcohol. The environment was characterized by the multivariate analyzes. The length structure of the population, length-weight relationship, sex ratio, relative abundance and biomass were evaluated. The location and time of reproduction, size at first maturation and spawning type, were also studied. The trophic ecology was evaluated by feeding activity and content organic matter. Food items were analyzed by the methods of frequency of occurrence, degree of food preference and the feendig index. The results showed that the area downstream of the dam and lake area was greater transparency of the water in the reservoir depth and predominant amount was larger values of pH. The average length was 193.74 mm (80-258 mm ± 22.71 mm) and mean weight was 70.90 g (10- 160 g ± 23.99 g). There were significant differences in length for the periods of the year. The increase of the species was negative allometric (b = 2.34). The sex ratio was 2:1 favoring females. The relative abundance and biomass were higher in the reservoir and lake area. Spawning occurred between the months of November 2009 and January 2010, individuals preferentially spawn in the reservoir and the lake. The total spawning type and size at first maturity is from 157.5 mm. The species has iliófaga-detritivorous feeding habit with a tendency to omnivory. The feeding strategy is general, but dominant for items phytoplankton and detritus. The species H. unimaculatus, has adapted successfully to the dams and their diet may have been altered before the changes caused by the environment.