Navegando por Assunto "Peixe-boi"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da ocorrência de peixes-boi com base no conhecimento ecológico local e nos parâmetros ambientais na costa leste da Ilha de Marajó, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-01) SOUSA, Maura Elisabeth Moraes de; FERNANDES, Marcus Emanuel Barroncas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8943067124521530
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conhecimento etnozoológico de estudantes de escolas públicas sobre os mamíferos aquáticos que ocorrem na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) RODRIGUES, Angélica Lúcia Figueiredo; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
Aquatic mammals are important functional elements of their ecosystem. Conservation actions would not be efficient with lack of information concerning the ecology and biology of those species as well as the perceptions that local communities have about those animals. Interactions of aquatic mammals with human populations happen mainly by fishnets accidents, straining, or the symbolic, mystical-religious values they possess, which may lead to both positive and negative human perceptions. Many studies on the perception of cetaceans (river dolphins and whales) and sirenians (manatees) were carried out using fisherman as the main interlocutor, but few have reported what children and young school age teenagers know about those animals and how they interact. The aim of this dissertation was to investigate school children’s ethnozoological knowledge on aquatic mammals in different locations of the State of Pará, in the Amazon Region of Brazil, recording the main interactions between them and free-ranging river dolphins, whales, and manatees (N=15). Thus, we used quantitative and qualitative methods in ethnozoology to analyze essays (N=374), interviews, questionnaires, and topographic plates (N=241). The subjects of this investigation were students from public fundamental schools II of Abaetetuba region and Mocajuba, in the Lower Tocantins River, Marajo Island, Santarém (Tapajós River), and Belem Metropolitan Region. Our results show that there was a prevalence of positive statements concerning to the pink-river dolphin (Inia sp.) (66%, N=89) compared to those related to dolphins Sotalia sp. (22%, N = 29), manatees (7%, N = 9) and whales (7%, N = 5%). Feelings of indifference (30%) along with fear (32%) were the most frequent in the voices of the students. Students had previous ethnozoological knowledge on morphology, diversity, legends, behavior, and threatening to aquatic mammal survival. In places where the living is largely based on fishery resources, young people tend to confirm details and part of the knowledge derived from both the family and the television midia. Because of the boto legend reported by the students in the regions surveyed we were able to identify variations related to social contexts and several behaviors, depending on the presence or absence of river dolphins in the regions. Despite great part of the subjects being part of an area considered to be urban, the belief on the boto legend is vastly disseminated, concurring for the myth to be held in the Amazonian imaginary, demonstrating that oral tradition is still strong in urban populations. Interactions between river dolphins and young/children close to rivers and fairs of Santarém and Mocajuba revealed that the most evident behaviors are those involving feeding river dolphins with fishes, and the playful behavior of a group of young school children that swim with pink-river dolphin in the rivers of the region. We found that although the aquatic mammals that occur in the Amazon may be poorly known from the biological point of view or even feared by part of the students, they could accepted by the students and may be taken into account in conservation programs by means of popular and scientific knowledge articulation. Those programs must guarantee the maintenance of local knowledge along with the species and their ecosystem maintenance. A greater perception of the public on the importance of biological diversity maintenance and environmental conservation may assist on the dissemination of information about aquatic mammals, contributing to a gradual deconstruction of negative values about them. This research provides a background to carry out efficient projects of awareness and information for future studies about aquatic mammals in the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Lá vem o cordão do peixe-boi, lá vem, pelas ruas de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06) CONCEIÇÂO, Alexandra Castro; SILVA, Iomana Rocha de Araújo
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O peixe boi da Amazônia no baixo Javari, AM - Brasil: conhecimento local, uso de habitat e conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-19) PANTOJA, Tatyanna Mariucha de Araujo; KENDALLl, Sarita; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
Trichechus inunguis plays an important role in food webs and dynamics of water bodies where it lives. It’s ecological importance has not stopped the species from suffering a intense process of hunting despite the legal protection since the decade of 60. The observation of the occurrence of the species in parts of the Javari and Quixito rivers, near the county of Atalaia do Norte, and the registers of hunting events in the region led this research. The research aimed to carry out a study on aspects of local knowledge, habitat use and conservation of T. inunguis in order to support the definition of strategies for their conservation in the lower Javari region, Amazonas, Brazil. The first chapter aimed to compare local knowledge and documented scientific knowledge of the Amazon Manatee. In order to achieve this, interviews were conducted with riverine residents of Atalaia do Norte municipality, or communities or isolated houses along stretches of the Javari river, Itacoaí and Quixito. 50 interviews were conducted covering topics as morphology, metabolism and age, breathing, feeding and migration, breeding and intraspecific interactions. The content of the Compared Cognition Tables (CCT) resulted in an average adhesion value of 0.6. This result demonstrates that it is possible to recognize in reports and utterances of the study population, the existence of cognitive codes perfectly capable of dialoguing with scientific knowledge, indicating the possibility of collective construction of measures geared toward the conservation of the species. The second chapter aimed to investigate local knowledge on the occurrence sites of the species. For a year a sampling was conducted at excerpts from Javari rivers, Quixito and Itacoaí to investigate the suitability of using this type of knowledge on measures directed to the study of the species in the wild. In addition, the study has looked to investigate the effect of environmental variables related to the occurrence of T. inunguis in the study area. Therefore, we use Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to model the distribution of T. inunguis using presence and absence data in sites located within the study area and its relation with variables of environmental and anthropogenic order. We recognize, based on the observed results, the potential of local knowledge about the occurrence sites (detection success rate of occurrence of the sites listed as of the occurrence of the species evidence was 37.66%, in contrast to 1.43 % of sites listed as non-occurrence of the manatee). Therefore consider their owners as key elements in the development of ecological studies of the species, and that should be incorporated into protective actions to these animals. The variable components of the model built (EVD ~ SIT + LARG + DIST.ATN + COM + EMB1 + FLOR.ALAG) validate its objective basis. Furthermore, the model demonstrates that the methodology is capable of replication in similar cases. Still, recommendations regarding data collection bearing in mind the intrinsic features of each variable analyzed (geographical configuration of the sampled rivers, use that animals do the flooded forest, effect of sightings closest communities) are made to maximize potential the use of explanatory models the occurrence of the species, thereby creating greater biological reliability of results. The third chapter raised the species mortality data and studied the perception of the region bordering population on it’s conservation. Individuals contacted for the first component of the study were applied questions about the animals, their relationships with other species, the mythical body of knowledge about the species, their uses, the risks to which it is subject, and the threat of its extinction. A survey was done (by direct observation, participant or not) on mortality of manatees in the study area, and the various causes of deaths recorded. To analyze the perception we used the Discourse of the Collective Subject (DCS). Mortality data were recorded and analyzed descriptively. Impressions beforehand to the questions were mostly positive (73%), and even the negative (27%) can base discussions on conservation actions regionally. The data on the risks and T. inunguis mortality brings evidence that the hunting of these animals still occurs materially and locally and this is an aspect that requires further studies in this regard. Studies are recommended regarding population ecology and dynamics of species populations in the area, under the action of an additional source of mortality: the hunting factor.