Navegando por Assunto "Pesquisa experimental"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito de um grupo terapêutico sobre estresse, sobrecarga e habilidades sociais de cuidadores primários de crianças autistas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09-10) SOUSA, Ana Paula Martins; MENEZES, Aline Beckmann de Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8107199720875369; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
The process for diagnosis and treatment of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) usually demands changes in routine of their families and/or caregivers, especially by the parents of those children. Many of those parents have high levels of caregiver burden and stress and social isolation, possibly due to the accumulation of activities related both to caring for their children with ASD, to relationships with their partners, to caring for other children, to domestic and professional activities, for example. Based on that, this study has as it’s main objective to analyze and compare the effect of two therapeutic group of analytical-behavioral approach on the levels of caregiver burden and stress and social skills of primary caregivers of children with ASD. Eight primary caregivers of children with ASD participated in the study, four of whom participated in the Group 1 and four in the Group 2. The procedure was divided in three stages: 1) Pre-test, with application of psychological instruments and a sociodemographic form; 2) Group 1, composed of 18 sessions of approximately two hours per week, being initially in space of reception and listening, in order to create an environment and a routine similar to the group 2, inserting the intervention from the 12th session, and Group 2, consisting of eight sessions of approximately two hours per week, being the therapeutic intervention from the first session, working with the variables to be analyzed; 3) Post-test, with reapplication of the instruments used in the pre-test. In the results, a possible influence of intervention on stress levels was observed, with decrease of levels and symptoms, however, in relation to the general results of caregiver burden and social skills, there was a permanence or little change in the levels in the three applications done. In this way, we find necessary to increase the number of meetings and influence of the adherence in the therapeutic process to obtain greater results in the variables caregiver burden and social skills.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da Magnitude de Consequências Individuais e Culturais sobre a Seleção de Culturantes de Autocontrole Ético
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-07-17) SILVA, Bruno Rodrigues da; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
Metacontingencies relate to the contingent relationship between culturants (which includes interlocking behavioral contingencies and their aggregate products) and cultural consequences. Among the studies that have recently given empirical support to the concept of metacontingencies, are those that investigate the concurrence between individual and cultural contingencies under the notion of ethical self-control. Previous studies have evaluated the effect of increasing the magnitude of cultural consequence or individual consequence separately on cultural selection in concurrence contexts. However, no study has manipulated the magnitude of individual and cultural consequences together. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the simultaneous manipulation of the magnitude of the individual and cultural consequences on the selection of culturants and individual responses of the participants in two microcultures. For this, a task involving a colored matrix of 10 rows (numbered from 1 to 10) and 10 columns (tagged with letters from "A" to "J") was used. The data collection was carried out with 2 groups (microcultures) of 3 college students. During the data collection with each microculture, each participant at a time selected a row from the matrix and received feedback from the experimenter about his or her choice. Choices on odd (impulsive) rows produced greater consequences for the individual while choices on even (self-controlled) rows produced lesser individual consequences, which, however, were correlated with the possibility of producing cultural consequences, when all 3 participants chose different color rows. During the experiment, the consequences varied so that as the magnitude of the individual impulsive consequence increased, the magnitude of the cultural consequence diminished and vice versa. The results indicated little influence of the variation of the magnitude of the consequences programmed in the experiment on the acquisition and maintenance of the culturantes and on the alteration of the pattern of the participants' choices in favor of the cultural or operant selection. New studies, with changes in the procedure, could better assess the influence of magnitude of consequences on the behavior of individuals in a group.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ensino intensivo de tato e a indução de comportamento verbal em crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-04) KEUFFER, Sara Ingrid Cruz; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
The present doctoral thesis consists of: 1) a systematic literature review that analyzed experimental studies evaluating the effect of Intensive Tact Instruction (ITI) on the induction or increase of verbal repertoires, and 2) an experimental study that investigated the effect of ITI on the induction of Full Naming (FN - emergence of speaker and listener responses to objects/events after mere incidental exposure to their names) and Bidirectional Naming (BN - speaker responses to objects/events are taught, and listener responses to these objects/events emerge, and vice versa) in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The systematic review analyzed 10 studies, describing the participants' profiles, environment, and experimental design, parameters of independent variable implementation, results, effect size of the independent variable (Tau-U), and the methodological quality (MQ) of the studies. It was found that the majority of studies: a) were conducted with children with ASD in schools with an analytical-behavioral basis, using a multiple-probe design between participants; b) implemented ITI with 100 daily tact trials (5 times per week), with five sets of stimuli; c) showed positive results for the induction/expansion of tacts (with Tau-U from moderate to strong), mixed results for intraverbals (with Tau-U from weak to moderate), and no effect for mands (small Tau-U); and d) had adequate MQ. No study adequately assessed the effect of ITI on the induction of NC or BN. Three children with ASD participated in the experimental study. After implementing ITI with three sets of stimuli, two children showed emergence and generalization of BN and FN (one of them maintained both repertoires, and the other maintained BN). The third child showed emergence of BN and the listener component in FN tests. The results are discussed in light of the current literature.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Reforçamento negativo em microculturas de laboratório
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-05) GUIMARÃES, Thais Maria Monteiro; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
The experimental analysis of culture has investigated analogs of ontogenetic behavioral processes at the cultural level as one of its fronts of investigation. The present work had the objective of evaluating the effects of the use of negative reinforcement on interlocking behavioral contingencies (IBCs) in laboratory microcultures. Two studies were conducted, the first with the goal of analyzing the effects of negative reinforcement in an operant level on the selection of IBCs and their aggregate product (AP) and on the occurrence of task abandonment; the second had the goal of verifying the effects of an analog of negative reinforcement in cultural level on the selection of IBCs+AP and on the occurrence of task abandonment. 39 undergraduate students took part of Study 1 and 41 in Study 2. The task consisted in selecting rows in a 10x10 matrix with numbered rows and columns represented by letters. The operant response was the choice of a row, with points exchangeable for money as reinforcers. The target IBC+AP consisted of different colored rows chosen by all three participants, with the first participant´s choice being different from the one he/she chose in the previous cycle. School items were used as cultural consequences (CC). Each 20 cycles indicated a generation change (entrance of a new participant). After 15 cycles of a generation (20 cycle period) asked the oldest participant if he/she wanted to abandon the task. If affirmative, he/she was allowed to leave, leaving two participants until a new generation began. Each studied used two microcultures: Microculture 1 (MC1) and Microculture 2 (MC2). In Study 1, MC1 was exposed to the following experimental conditions: SR+I/SR-I/SR+II/SR-II; and MC2 to the following: SR-I/SR+I/SR-II/SR+II. SR+ condition consisted of positive reinforcement and SR- of negative reinforcement, both at an operant level. In Study 2 the design was CC+I/CC-I/CC+II/CC-II for MC1 and CCI/CC+I/CC-II/CC+II for MC2. CC+ was a cultural analog of positive reinforcement and CC- of negative reinforcement. In Sutdy 1 the use of negative reinforcement in and operant level apparently did not affect the selection of IBCs+AP and task abandonment did not seem to occur due to the programmed contingencies. In Study 2 negative reinforcing cultural consequences seemed to select the IBCs and there were few abandonment, independently of the experimental condition, suggesting control by variables not programmed. Changes in procedures are suggested for better control of the variables.