Navegando por Assunto "Pesticides"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Camponeses, agrotóxicos e agroindústria de dendê no Estado do Pará: um estudo a partir de São Vicente
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016) CHAVES, Genisson Paes; FURTADO, Lourdes Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1828475659148260; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5243-4607; SANTOS, Sônia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2136454393021407
In this masters thesis, I seek to understand how, and through which social constructs, a peasant society in Amazonia – “integrated” into an agro-industrial initiative involving the dendê palm — reads chemical pesticides and herbicides used in the dendê system, as well as in other activities. Research used “Risk and Culture” by Douglas and Wildavsky (2012) as a theoretical base, in addition to other studies on the use of agricultural chemical inputs by peasant groups in other contexts. Research is based on a case study conducted in the village of São Vicente, located the northeastern portion of Pará state in Moju county, where farmers’ crops are integrated into Agropalm’s operations. I analyzed the types of inputs used in this community, who uses them, how they are applied, how they are understood and integrated into local systems of classification. Results indicate that pesticides and herbicides are: a) identified as poison or chemicals; b) that in the past, they were not used by this peasant society; c) they were first applied to dendê and then used in other activities; d) they enter into the local classification system as something dangerous and damaging to one’s health; for example, they remain in the air and “walk” on land and into streams; e) finally, that while a discourse giving value to rules for the supposed safe use of these substances exist, these guidelines are not universal and for the most part are not followed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Responsabilidade civil por danos à pessoa decorrentes da aplicação de agrotóxicos na atividade agrária: estudos teórico e jurisprudencial de decisões dos Tribunais de Justiça dos estados brasileiros
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-25) COSTA, Elida de Cássia Mamede da; MATTOS NETO, Antonio José de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4719479439779242; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6830-7485
This thesis assesses the civil liability to pesticides’ users in Brazil for damages to the person that this activity effectively and potentially causes. The main objective is to analyze theoretical aspects and the judicial decision regarding civil liability for the pesticides’ application, whose damages caused directly to the person are increased with the increasingly flexible standardization of pesticides in all its production stages as a Brazilian trend. To elaborate the situation analysis, this work first used theoretical and qualitative research based on a bibliographic survey and legislation related to pesticides and civil liability, while the second step involved quali-quantitative Brazilian Courts judgement’s documentary survey, with the deductive reasoning’s juridical method in both stages. The theoretical reference’s result points to the need for consideration and evaluation civil liability following functions: reparative / compensatory, punitive, preventive and precautionary, as well as this circumstance as a harm’s state and conduct damage, added to the legal or normative causality notion, causality’s presumption and integral risk theory application. In the second stage results in demonstration that in Brazil the tendency is that the Judiciary does not impose civil liability on the pesticides’ users if the evidence for direct and immediate damage and causal link is not present in terms of the causal nexus in generalizing and individualizing causality’s theories. The conclusion is that in Brazil the doctrinal evolution does not follow accompanied by the judicial decision evolution, observed the difficulty to civil liability’s judicial imposition for the pesticides application. This difficulty is coupled with the current legislative tendency to facilitate from registration for manufacture to the product’s use, production, storage, transportation, distribution, commercialization and application of the product – that culminates in the excessive pesticides’ application in crops, which will allow the expansion of agro-environmental damage. Thus, there is a need to reinforce agro-environmental protection through strict legal restrictions and the consequent civil liability recognition amplitude in judgments, to promote the pesticides responsible application.