Navegando por Assunto "Piscicultura"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de desenvolvimento do tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) (Pisces, Serrasalmidae), utilizando a massa de mandioca branca, Manihot esculenta (Crantz) como complemento alimentar em viveiros de piscicultura em área de várzea
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) SOUZA, Alex da Silva Lobão; MELO, Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4989238044542736
The State possesses favorable conditions for the development of the fishculture, that it will be constituted in an alternative for the production of proteins of animal origin, capable to aid in the reduction of the accentuated deficits found in the alimentary diet of the population paraense of low income, as well as, to minimize the punctual problems caused by the fisheries pression and chemical pollution. It is the várzeas of Brazilian Amazonia, they are constituted then, in a great potential for the development of the rational fishculture, maintaining the sustentable of the ecosystem through handling technologies, in substitution to the methods traditional and predatory capture. One of the main problems of the fishculture is the high cost the ration that gets to compose up to 80% of the total cost of the activity, because a diet doesn't exist with regional products that lowered that cost, The cost of the rations extrused oferted in the area it extrapolates the limit of the economy, owed mainly to the aggregation of the freight, see the shortage of the local industries, as well as the high prices of the main input, notedly in if being about the fraction proteic that is more onerous of the diet. With base in that reality, the Amazon area throws hand of by-products of the agroindustry of easy acquisition and low cost, to minimize the expenses with the fishculture and to guarantee the presence of the fish in the table of the population, that is the consumed food. In the experiment the used species was the tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum it is an ideal species for fishculture in várzea area by virtue of its rusticity. With that the study of alternative diets facilitates a cultivation that makes possible the practice economically. The experiment was accomplished in the area of várzea of UFRA, where they were submitted to 3 treatments, where: V1) it was administrated ration extrused 28% P.B.; V2) ration commercial extrused 28% parceled out with mass of white cassava and V3) it was administrated mass of white cassava. At the end of the experiment it was observed that the nursery where was administrated commercial ration presented better acting zootecnic, even so the nursery 2 where it was administrated) ration commercial estrusada 28% parceled out with mass of white cassava presented a similar acting to the previous, obtaining smaller consumption 50% of ration extrused.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização do sistema produtivo da aquicultura da microrregião de Cametá – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) FERREIRA, Palmira Francisca Gonçalves; FUJIMOTO, Rodrigo Yudi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9538142371454660
This research is aimed to present a diagnosis of aquaculture activity in the micro region of Cametá - Pará, emphasizing the factors that influence the development of activity and the level of competitiveness through the Competitive Performance Index (CPI) in order to provide indicators that can facilitate decision making in the areas of promoting aquaculture establishment as an economic activity. Data collection was performed by using questionnaires that sought to investigate the aspects relevant to productive activity. The data was processed and analyzed using the statistical SPSS software, version 13. This software made it possible to obtain a reduced linear structure of the original data set, through the summarization of the information contained in the variables creating smaller variable sets lalled factors, to identify the Competitive Performance Index (CPI) with respect to the variables studied. The results showed that 70.50% of the region's farmers have a primary education and only 1.44% attended or initiated higher education. 91,37% of the employees are members of the farm owners family. The average area intended for cultivation was 500 m2. The largest was found in Oeiras do Pará, which is also the largest municipality in area. The means of production include the creation of ponds in lowland areas (78.05%), in net-cage 13,3% and conventional production system with 8,65%. The prevalent mode of cultivation is the monoculture, especially the round fish tambaqui and tambacu (54%). Factor analysis extracted four factors representative of the development in the region: the productive system dimension, which explained about 27% of the total variance; commercial dimension, accounting for 15.15%; efficiencydimension explained 13.3% of the total and work dimension that explained 12.5% of the total variance. These factors influence the development of activity and should direct the actions of rural entrepreneurs and policy with the aim of improving fish farms so that they can boost production and meet growing demands for food quality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de métodos por CL-EM/Em e ocorrência de antimicrobianos em peixes de aquicultura
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-11-22) GUIDI, Letícia Rocha; GLÓRIA, Maria Beatriz de Abreu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6895373188728113; SILVA, Luiza Helena Meller da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2311121099883170
The consumption of fish has increased in recent years in Brazil, especially due to the announcement that their intake can bring numerous health benefits and also due to its high nutritional value (high biological value protein, high content of omega-3 fatty acids). The quality, safety and security of farmed fish for human consumption are therefore a public health issue and must be monitored. In Brazil, there is a lack of information regarding the use of antimicrobials in aquaculture. Although only two antibiotics are allowed for use in aquaculture in Brazil, there is a wide variety of antibiotics that may be used illegally or can reach the fish due to environmental contaminations, mainly of water. The objective of this study was to develop multiresidue methods of analysis of antibiotics in fish muscle and to evaluate the quality of fish from Minas Gerais and Pará with respect to the presence of antibiotic residues. In addition, an extensive literature review was conducted with respect to existing methods of analysis and the occurrence of chloramphenicol (banned antibiotic) and amphenicols in food. A LC-MS/MS screening method was validated for the analysis of 40 antibiotics of six different classes (aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides and tetracyclines) in fish muscle. Only 15% of the samples (n=29) were positive for enrofloxacin. A quantitative LC-MS/MS method of analysis of quinolones and tetracyclines in fish muscle was also optimized and validated. The precision, in terms of the relative standard deviation, was under 20% for all of the compounds, and the recoveries were between 89.3% and 103.7%. CCα varied from 17.87 to 323.20 μg.kg-1 and CCβ varied from 20.75 to 346.40 μg.kg-1. In general, real samples showed good quality relative to the presence of antibiotic residues. All 29 positive samples for enrofloxacin contained levels below the Maximum Residue Limit allowed by Brazilian legislation (100 μg.kg-1).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de dietas suplementadas com vitamina e sobre o crescimento, eficiência alimentar e parâmetros hematológicos e fisiológicos do tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (CUVIER, 1818)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016) ALVES, Adriana Xavier; SILVA, Evaldo Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6649371901290988; VERAS, Galileu Crovatto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4497651649653210
The vitamin E inclusion in fish food is related to improvements in in growth performance and nonspecific immune response for different species. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different vitamin E levels (DL acetate-α-tocopherol, 50% active) on productive performance, hematological variables, hematometric index and physiological parameters of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fingerlings. A total of 150 fishes with an average weight of 2.94 ± 0.14 g and initial average standard length of 4.29 ± 0.07 cm were distributed in aquariums (300 L) in water recirculation system, temperature of 27.13 ± 0.45 ºC, pH 7.16 ± 0.45, dissolved oxygen 7.15 ± 0.88 mg L-1, electronical conductivity 0.142 ± 0.05 (μs cm-1); ammonia 0.00 ± 0.00 (ppm) and nitrite 0.19 ± 0.25 mg L-1. The stocking density was 10 fishes per experimental unity. The inclusion levels of α-tocopherol in the diet were 0, 250, 700 and 1,000 mg kg-1. Thus, was used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three repetitions, where the fishes were fed three times a day during 90 days. The results indicate that the different vitamin E levels did not affect the productive performance of tambaqui fingerlings. However, the inclusion of 1,000 mg kg-1 of α-tocopherol reduced (P<0.05) the glucose amount in comparison to the supplemented treatments with 0 and with 250 mg kg-1. The hematocrit, total protein, erythrocytes number and hematometric index of tambaqui fingerlings were not affected (P>0.05) by α-tocopherol supplementation. In differential leukocyte count, there was no significant difference of lymphocyte number, monocytes and basophiles. However, the neutrophil number was greater in the control treatment (P>0.05), while eosinophil and specials granulocytic cells were better than control treatment (P<0.05), while the eosinophils number was special granulocytic cells was higher than treatments with 700 mg kg-1 and 250 mg kg-1 of α-tocopherol, respectively. Although vitamin E supplementation in the diet did not influence the productive performance of tambaqui fingerlings, the fishes fed diet nonsupplemented showed increased of neutrophils number, demonstrating greater susceptibility of these fishes to inflammation process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Exigência de proteína bruta na dieta de alevinos e juvenis do ornamental Amazônico acará severo (Heros severus) (Heckel, 1840)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-07-21) SOUSA, Jonathan Alves de; VERAS, Galileu Crovatto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4497651649653210; COSTA, Rauquírio André Albuquerque Marinho da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4504677939464624
Aquaculture is the practice of create a controlled manner aquatic organisms and is divided into two segments: food and ornamental purposes. Among the contributing organisms to the diversity of Brazilian Amazon ornamental fish fauna, it is severum (Heros severus). When bred in captivity, accepts all kinds of feed industrialized, nevertheless, are still unknown the nutritional requirements for species, including the protein requirement. There were two experiments in order to evaluate the requirement of crude protein (CP) in the fingerlings diet and juvenile Heros severus. In both experiments was test five isocaloric diets (3,200 kcal DE / kg) with five levels of CP (28, 32, 36, 40 and 44% CP). In the experiments, 75 fingerlings and 100 juveniles were distributed in 15 and 20 aquariums with a volume of 30L and 50L, respectively, in a completely randomized design with five treatments and three and four replications, respectively, and the aquarium the experimental unit. During 105 days, the fingerlings and juveniles were fed at a rate of 10 and 3% of body weight three and twice daily, respectively. There wasn’t significant effect of CP levels in the diet on survival, hepatossomatic index, viscerossomatic and moisture body for fingerlings (P>0.05). There quadratic effect of weight gain, length, specific growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion with increasing dietary crude protein levels (P<0.05), estimating values 41.86; 40.42, 41.29; 39.60; 43.54% CP, respectively. There was quadratic effect of body protein, lipid and ash body, with increasing levels of crude protein diet, estimating values 40.64; 37.77 and 37.50% CP, respectively. There was not significant effect of dietary protein levels on the survival of juveniles (P>0.05). It was observed quadratic effect of weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion, protein efficiency rate and hepatossomatic rate of juveniles (P<0.05), estimating values of 37.03; 37.20; 35.13; 35.85; 38.78% CP, respectively. The feed intake showed a linear increase (P<0.05) with increased levels of dietary protein. There was a linear decrease (P<0.05) viscerossomatic rate with increasing levels of dietary protein. Blood glucose and hematocrit showed lower values (P<0.05) in fish fed diet with lower content protein. Based on performance, efficient use of nutrients and body condition indices fingerlings and juveniles of severum, estimated levels from 37.77 to 43.54% and from 34.74 to 38.78% CP, respectively.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fotoperíodo e frequência alimentar na larvicultura do peixe beta
(FEPMVZ Editora, 2016-08) SALES, Abner Dias; VERAS, Galileu Crovatto; BRABO, Marcos Ferreira; ABRUNHOSA, Fernando Araujo; ALVES, Adriana Xavier; DIAS, Bruno César Brito; CAMPELO, Daniel Abreu Vasconcelos; FERREIRA, M.S.S.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth, uniformity and survival of Betta splendens larvae, submitted to different photoperiods and feeding frequency. Four hundred and eighty individuals (4.53mg ± 0.32 and 5.51 ± 0.58mm) were randomly distributed into 48 plastic containers (1L) at a density of 10 larvae/L. A completely randomized design was used, with four replications in a factorial 6 x 2, six photoperiods (0L:24D, 6L:18D, 12L:12D, 16L:8D, 20L:4D, 24L:0D) and two feeding frequencies (two or four times a day). The larvae were fed performed with Artemia nauplii at averaging 800/ larvae/ day, for 15 days. Beta larvae subjected to photoperiod 12L:12D and 16L:8E showed the greatest weight gain (P<0.10), while those fed four times daily had greater length growth and uniformity (P<0.10). However, individuals fed four times daily had lower survival when subjected to photoperiod 16L:8E, 20L:4L and 24E:0D (P<0.10). On the other hand, larvae subjected to a photoperiod of 12L:12D, 16L:8L and 20L:4E showed higher survival rate when fed twice a day (P<0.10). Therefore, with the intention of better growth, uniformity and survival of Betta splendens larvae, it is recommended that the hatchery in this species be done under a photoperiod of 12L: 12D with supply of Artemia nauplii twice daily.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Innovative molecular approach to the identification of Colossoma macropomum and its hybrids
(2012-06) CUNHA, Maria de Fátima Gomes; SCHNEIDER, Horacio; BARROS, Maria Claudene; SAMPAIO, Dioniso de Souza; HASHIMOTO, Diogo Teruo; PORTO-FORESTI, Fábio; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha
Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is the fish species most commonly raised in the Brazilian fish farms. The species is highly adaptable to captive conditions, and is both fast-growing and relatively fecund. In recent years, artificial breeding has produced hybrids with Characiform species, known as "Tambacu" and "Tambatinga". Identifying hybrids is a difficult process, given their morphological similarities with the parent species. This study presents an innovative molecular approach to the identification of hybrids based primarily on Multiplex PCR of a nuclear gene (α-Tropomyosin), which was tested on 93 specimens obtained from fish farms in northern Brazil. The sequencing of a 505-bp fragment of the Control Region (CR) permitted the identification of the maternal lineage of the specimen, all of which corresponded to C. macropomum. Unexpectedly, only two CR haplotype were found in 93 samples, a very low genetic diversity for the pisciculture of Tambaqui. Multiplex PCR identified 42 hybrids, in contrast with 23 identified by the supplier on the basis of external morphology. This innovative tool has considerable potential for the development of the Brazilian aquaculture, given the possibility of the systematic identification of the genetic traits of both fry-producing stocks, and the fry and juveniles raised in farms.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perfil da piscicultura na mesorregião sudoeste Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) OLIVEIRA, Adna Suany Cardoso de; FUJIMOTO, Rodrigo Yudi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9538142371454660
This research aimed at characterizing the recent development of fish farming in southwestern Pará state in the Brazilian Amazon and how this economic activity is organized. Site visits were made to fish farms in the municipalities of Altamira, Brasil Novo, Medicilândia, Uruará, Vitória do Xingu, Itaituba, Aveiro, Jacareacanga, Novo Progresso, Rurópolis e Trairão. Data were obtained through the application of questionnaires with questions pertaining to characteristics of the production system and marketing. The sample included 143 fish farms, of which 65.9% practiced a semi-intensive system and 31.7% an extensive system. The employed labor force is drawn mostly from the immediate family. Fish farming is a complementary activity in 81% of the farms visited. The management of fish farms consists of several basic operations, such as rearing in ponds with locally produced feed (82%) and commercial fish ration (47.7%). The most commonly cultivated species are round fish (13%) as the preferred first cultivated species and tilapia (18%) as second choice. The average yearly yield was 8209 kg/ha for round fish and 3727 kg / ha for tilapia. The average yield of all species reached 14,339 tons/ha. The principle difficulties encountered by regional fish farmers are: lack of technical assistance, obtaining fingerlings, high feed prices, and lack of production incentives.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perfil da piscicultura na região sudeste do estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-04-27) SILVA, Ana Martha Castelo Branco da; SOUZA, Raimundo Aderson Lobão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4922849102516924
The fish culture has attained a lot of attention by the small and mid entrepreneurs in Brazil. Based on this assertion, the current study aims at enlarging the knowledge on the profile of the fish culture as it is practiced in the state of Pará by the producers in the Southeast region. Interviews have been performed with the employment of questionnaires to the small producers of 12 municipalities in the Southeast of Pará. In loco observations were made and written notes and photography were also taken in field research. The predominant culture system is the extensive system. The purchase of the fingerlings is mostly made from sites located out of State, what may be solved with the settlement of production units. Fish farming must be incentivized in net tanks or enclosures, as well as the policulture and the consortium between fish and birds, as they have proved rather effective. The production in the Southeast of Pará may be improved with the provision of technical assistance, cheaper fish food and investments by private and public institutions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revitalização e potencialização da atividade piscícola na comunidade remanescentes de quilombo de Itacoã-Miri (municipio de Acará - PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-02-25) SOUZA, Alex da Silva Lobão de; MITSCHEIN, Thomas Adalbert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7431424927108512
The present study evidences the reality of traditional community of remainders of “quilombo of Itacoã-Miri” located in the municipal district of Acará in the State of Pará, in Brazil, where the main sale coin is the handmade products, extraction, of vegetable and animal origin, that reach low prices, because its offer always tends to overcome the demand for wide margin, they live like this in subsistence economy, in way almost sustainable. The community development means the development of all its members jointly, united by the mutual help and for the collective ownership of certain essential means of production or distribution, in this way through meetings among community and technicians were proven that the fish culture is activity that better if insert, for being an activity that doesn't request a high instruction level tends in view the result obtained for the I diagnose as well as its age group of the habitants' instruction level, in that way it is objectified to Restructure the fish culture system, because they already meet existent before structures in the studied area. Through the interviews the great number of youths was evidenced, where the absorption of market.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Tecnologias ambientais e o desenvolvimento da atividade piscícola no município de Abaetetuba: o uso de viveiros escavados
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-01-20) FERREIRA, Maiara Bessa; FLORES, Maria do Socorro Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8875436559577793; MANESCHY, Rosana Quaresma; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5914095913079907
The pollution of water resources is one of the greatest challenges to sustainability, especially a problem for the riverside communities in the Amazon, who feel on a day to day basis the impacts of pollution of rivers once the availability of fish is becoming scarce. To deal with this reality many communities develop aquaculture, fish breeding in captivity, as an alternative to family nutrition and income generation. However, the fishing activity by means of the accumulation of rest of ration not consumed and droppings of the fish ends up generating an effluent with a high concentration of nutrients such as nitrogen and fosforo unleashing a process called eutrophication, which changes the quality of the water. This condition induces the multiplication of micro-organism that will release toxic substances, to prevent the penetration of light and decrease the amount of oxygen available for fish in the water. If the effluent is disposed of without treatment it is possible that pollute natural water courses of greater extension. If the effluent is disposed of without treatment it is possible that pollute natural water courses of greater extension. The objective of this study was to analyze the fish in tanks excavated at the headquarters of the municipality of Coldwater and check if it has been performed in accordance with the environmental legislation in force and which type can generate impacts on the natural environment. From the case study of farming in the Community Genipauba the specific objective was to offer propositions that may contribute to decision-making processes of local public managers to contribute to the development of local farming, so that the management are integrated environmental technologies.