Navegando por Assunto "Plástico"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adequação de máquinas injetoras horizontais às normas regulamentadoras NR 17 e NR 35: estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-11) OLIVEIRA, Rick Rocha de; LEITE, Jandecy Cabral; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7279183940171317
Safety risks with plastic injection machines represent a serious problem in the plastic production chain. Even with the implementation of NBR 13536/16 to establish the minimum safety requirements for injection machines and its subsequent inclusion in the NR 12 regulatory standard, there are risks related to work at heights and ergonomics that are not properly specified, especially during activities of maintenance of the feed hopper or resin change-over. To mitigate such risks, the present work developed two prototypes of safety adequacy of injection machines to NR 17 and NR 35 standards, based on their size and clamping force, the first being a prototype of access ladder and metallic support of the feed hopper and the second a prototype of platform on top of the injection molding machine. After the implementation of the prototypes, productivity improvements were observed, such as a decrease of approximately 45% in the duration of hopper maintenance time and a 33% reduction in the duration of time for resin change-over, in addition to meeting the safety and ergonomics requirements of the NR 17 and NR 35 standards. Through a satisfaction survey, the changes enabled by the prototypes were evaluated as extremely positive by 80% of the technical staff involved.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contaminação invisível - uma proposta para divulgação e visibilidade e visibilidade aos microplásticos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-10) CARVALHO, Renan Almeida de; MARTINELLI FILHO, José Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080628833884538
Solutions that are microplastics derived from commercial microplastics, or even by industry, by some plastic fragments caused by higher tempering and plastic, chemical and biological reduction. As well as their material, microplastics also have distinct physical properties such as density, for example, which can primarily determine the dynamics of the position of these particles in the environment. From this, it is possible to find that we can find all microplastic particles of water in an ambient column. Therefore, microplastics can contaminate both the biota present in the water column and in the bottom of ecosystems. In order to contribute to the environmental sciences for teaching the water column for the microplastic work environment and for the project as the auxiliary product for water in water environments, water packs for the environment of low density polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with high relative density. In order to validate the application of the product as a didactic tool, the study was applied to two classes of the 7th year of elementary school. The class was an applied theoretical class and the second class was on the MP theme, and the second class was an applied class, the model and the subject. After analyzing the question answered by the classes, it was observed that when the model was presented in the class, there was a significant difference in the proportion of correct answers for six from the eight questions.This indicated a positive relationship between the use of models as a tool to aid in the teaching of Environmental Sciences.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fatores relacionados à deposição de resíduos sólidos em uma praia flúvio-estuarina amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-10-26) RODRIGUES, Kayury Serrão da Silva; MARTINELLI FILHO, José Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080628833884538
Brazil has a coastline that stretches for 8,698 kilometers, housing over 400 municipalities and a high population density, as it serves as a source of multiple income-generating activities. However, the lack of infrastructure and improper waste disposal lead to the dumping and accumulation of trash at the coastal zone. As a result of high consumption, a significant amount of waste is generated, most of which is discarded incorrectly and leads to social, environmental, and economic damage. Despite its environmental and social significance, studies are scarce on estimates of the quantity of waste and its distribution in coastal environments of the Amazon. The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence, abundance, distribution, and types of waste found on a fluvial-estuarine beach (Beja Beach, Abaetetuba-PA) and possible spatial and temporal deposition patterns. The beach was divided into two areas: northeast and southwest, with sampling at two levels (intertidal at the low tide line and lower intertidal); collections took place during the rainy season (March to May 2022) and the less rainy season (October and November 2022). In each seasonal period, six samplings were conducted, with three during spring tides and three during neap tides. During the rainy season, a total of 902 items were collected, with a total mass of 70.38 kg (an average of 1.87 items/m² and 0.141 kg/m²), and during the less rainy season, a total of 536 items were collected, with a mass of 12.99 kg (an average of 1.07 items/m² and 0.026 kg/m²). It was observed that the most collected items during the 12 campaigns were single-use plastics. There was a higher quantity of items, both in the rainy and less rainy seasons, in the upper intertidal zone, in the SW sector, and during spring tides (p < 0.01). Regarding mass, significant differences were observed for seasonality and zonation. Significant differences were found in the relationship between factors such as intertidal zones for both seasonal periods and tidal levels. Studies conducted in other regions of Brazilian territory also observed that the most found solid waste was plastic, especially single-use plastics. One of the factors that can explain this occurrence is the fact that the market increasingly invests in packaging and single-use plastics and the use of such products by beachgoers in the referred beach. Improper disposal leads to the incorrect disposal of these materials in the environment. The results described here provide managers with information to develop more effective strategies for the management, handling, and cleaning of beaches in the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fatores relacionados à deposição de resíduos sólidos em uma praia flúvio-estuarina amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-10-26) RODRIGUES, Kayury Serrão da Silva; MARTINELLI FILHO, José Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080628833884538
Brazil has a coastline that stretches for 8,698 kilometers, housing over 400 municipalities and a high population density, as it serves as a source of multiple income-generating activities. However, the lack of infrastructure and improper waste disposal lead to the dumping and accumulation of trash at the coastal zone. As a result of high consumption, a significant amount of waste is generated, most of which is discarded incorrectly and leads to social, environmental, and economic damage. Despite its environmental and social significance, studies are scarce on estimates of the quantity of waste and its distribution in coastal environments of the Amazon. The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence, abundance, distribution, and types of waste found on a fluvial-estuarine beach (Beja Beach, Abaetetuba-PA) and possible spatial and temporal deposition patterns. The beach was divided into two areas: northeast and southwest, with sampling at two levels (intertidal at the low tide line and lower intertidal); collections took place during the rainy season (March to May 2022) and the less rainy season (October and November 2022). In each seasonal period, six samplings were conducted, with three during spring tides and three during neap tides. During the rainy season, a total of 902 items were collected, with a total mass of 70.38 kg (an average of 1.87 items/m² and 0.141 kg/m²), and during the less rainy season, a total of 536 items were collected, with a mass of 12.99 kg (an average of 1.07 items/m² and 0.026 kg/m²). It was observed that the most collected items during the 12 campaigns were single-use plastics. There was a higher quantity of items, both in the rainy and less rainy seasons, in the upper intertidal zone, in the SW sector, and during spring tides (p < 0.01). Regarding mass, significant differences were observed for seasonality and zonation. Significant differences were found in the relationship between factors such as intertidal zones for both seasonal periods and tidal levels. Studies conducted in other regions of Brazilian territory also observed that the most found solid waste was plastic, especially single-use plastics. One of the factors that can explain this occurrence is the fact that the market increasingly invests in packaging and single-use plastics and the use of such products by beachgoers in the referred beach. Improper disposal leads to the incorrect disposal of these materials in the environment. The results described here provide managers with information to develop more effective strategies for the management, handling, and cleaning of beaches in the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Resíduo de garrafão de agua inserido em pavimento de concreto como agente de reforço da matriz
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01-25) SILVA, Cristiane Araujo dos Santos; PICANÇO, Marcelo de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4535052395600357
In the face of the problematic situation witnessed by the world population due to the lack of recycling practices, urban pollution has been growing considerably. Recycling needs to be more present in the daily lives of people and industries so that the environment "breathes" in a healthier way. Intending to assist with the theme, the aim is to evaluate the reuse of the water bottle waste (GA) as fibers with the intention of contributing to concrete reinforcement in pavement. The interest to study the waste in question was through a visit to a recycling plant in the city of Ananindeua/PA, where there was a large amount of bottled mineral water stored and cannot longer return to the food sector, because it’s had an expired period of validity. The work consists of evaluating both the physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics of the waste as well as the mechanical characteristics of the composites (axial compression, diametral compression, flexural tensile strength, tensile analysis and modulus of elasticity), according to current standards described in the methodology item, with ages of 28, 56 and 84 days. According to preliminary characterizations of the materials, concrete with 0%, 0,5%, 1,0% and 2,0% with water bottle residue addition was elaborated and another one for comparative effect with addition of 0,5 % of commercial polypropylene microfibers. A concrete composition (c: a: b: a / c-1: 2,36: 3,33: 0,42) was used as reference for rigid paving for heavy traffic in Belém-PA with fct, k = 4.50MPa. In general, the results presented in this research, shows a performance of the reinforced concrete with compatible GA fiber and / or superior with respect to the concrete with addition of commercial microfiber, but the residue of GA to become a commercial product still needs a beneficiation process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Transporte de resíduos sólidos flutuantes em rios urbanos dominados por maré na região Norte do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-07-07) ROSA, Gabriel Pompeu; MONTEIRO, Sury de Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4309806566068586; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-7043
The rivers that cut through metropolises are considered important ways for the waste generated on the continents to be transported to the oceans. Estimates of waste flows in rivers in the Amazon coastal zone remain uncertain due to the influence of hydrodynamic processes (tide, currents and flow), and above all, the lack of data on the type and amount of solid waste floating in the rivers. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to quantify and estimate the fluctuating waste fluxes at different time scales in tidaldominated rivers of the Amazonian coastal zone. Visual quantification took place over 12 hours (6 to 6 pm) in the flood and ebb tide stages, in the dry and rainy periods, in the rivers Acará, Guamá, Guajará, Tucunduba and Tamandaré. The estimate of waste transport in different tidal stages and seasonal periods was calculated considering the amount of waste in a time interval (hour, month and year). A total of 19,654 solid waste was quantified in the rivers studied, 71% of which was plastic materials. The residues from the rivers that cut through Belém (Tucunduba and Tamandaré) are exported to the rivers that surround the capital, while in these rivers, the residues present a bidirectional flow, suggesting imprisonment reflecting the influence of hydrodynamic processes (tidal current and flow). This study presents the first estimate of transport in rivers on the coast of Pará based on real observations, indicating an estimate of annual transport that varies between 3 and 549 tons/year.