Navegando por Assunto "Planta tóxica"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alterações histológicas em fígados e linfonodos de búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) mantidos em pastagens de Brachiaria spp.
(2010-09) RIVERO, Beatriz Riet Correa; CORREA, Franklin Riet; OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, Carlos Alberto de; CERQUEIRA, Valíria Duarte; RIVERO, Gabriela Riet Correa
Infiltration by foamy macrophages and other lesions are reported in healthy cattle held in Brachiaria spp. pastures. With the objective to study histologic lesions in the liver and mesenteric lymph nodes in buffalo in the state of Pará, samples of liver and lymph nodes of 142 buffalo Murah and 15 Nelore cattle were studied histologically. The samples were collected in an slaughterhouse and divided into groups of animals according to their origin and period of grazing Brachiaria spp. pastures. Group (G) 1 consisted of 79 buffalo from Marajó Island, raised in native pastures free of Brachiaria spp.; G2 was composed of 17 buffalo kept since birth in Brachiaria brizantha pastures; G3 was composed of 29 buffalo purchased in Marajó Island and introduced in B. decumbens pastures where they stayed for nearly 12 months; G4 consists of 17 buffalo purchased in Marajó Island and introduced in B. brizantha pastures where they stayed for nearly 18 months. G5 was composed of 15 Nelore cattle grazing B. brizantha during one year period. To assess the degree of liver injury, grades following a scale of 0 to 4 were established according to the quantity and size of groups of foamy macrophages. In G1, from the Marajó Island, there were no significant histological changes in liver and lymph nodes. Foamy macrophages and other lesions were observed in liver and lymph nodes of all samples from G1, G2, G3, and G4. The animals from G2 and G4, which remained a longer period in Brachiaria spp., showed more pronounced infiltration of foamy macrophages (P<0.05) than the animals of G3. Other lesions observed in the livers of these three groups were swollen, vacuolated or necrotic hepatocytes, mainly in the centrolobular region, and thickening of the Glisson's capsule with vacuolization and necrosis of subcapsular hepatocytes. These lesions were more pronounced in areas where exists higer infiltration of foamy macrophages. In cattle from G5 smaller groups of foamy macrophages were observed in the lymph nodes and were absent in the liver. These results suggest that the hepatic lesions observed in buffalo are caused by ingestion of Brachiaria spp. The presence of severe lesions in buffalo without clinical signs, much more severe than those observed and reported previously in cattle, as well as the low frequency of Brachiaria poisoning in buffalo grazing in Brachiaria spp. pastures, suggest that buffalo are resilient to Brachiaria spp. poisoning. In each group, there was no association between the weight at slaughter and the degree of lesion. It is also suggested that the observation of severe lesions of the liver, similar to those observed in this experiment, in animal that died from other diseases, can lead to a wrong diagnosis of Brachiaria poisoning.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Anemia hemolítica causada por Indigofera suffruticosa (Leg. Papilionoideae) em bovinos
(2001-03) BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; OLIVEIRA, Carlos Magno Chaves; PEIXOTO, Paulo Fernando de Vargas; BARBOSA, Imke Barbara Pfeifer; ÁVILA, Sandra Cristina de; TOKARNIA, Carlos Maria Antônio Hubinger
The aereal parts of Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. (family Leg. Papilionoideae) were force-fed fresh to 6 bovines in daily doses of 10 to 40 g/kg. Cattle breeders of various parts of the Northeast of Brazil accuse this plant as the cause of a non-fatal disease characterized by hemoglobinuria. The disease occurs only in years when the plant proliferates well invading the native pastures. All experimental animals had hemoglobinuria, which was transitory, inspite continuation of the administration of the plant. Two animals had no further manifestations, a third animal showed only slight other manifestations, and the other three had additional symptoms of moderate intensity. These were apathy, whitish visible mucous membranes, rough hair coat, anorexia, descrease in frequency and intensity of the ruminal movements, tachycardia, positive venous pulse and dispnoea. Before the occurrence of the hemolytic crisis the urine had a bluish-green colour. None of the experimental animals died, but one was euthanized whilst showing hemoglobinuria. Post-mortem findings were anemia, the bladder containing wine-red urine, swollen dark-brown kidneys, liver on the outside and on the cut-surface bluish and with perceptible lobular design. The main histological changes were found in liver and kidney. In the liver there was coagulative necrosis and cloudy swelling and/or cytoplasmatic microvacuolization of the hepatocytes; in the kidney there was severe nephrosis, associated with large amounts of filtrate and/or hemoglobine in the Bowman spaces, in the tubules and also in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos comparados da intoxicação por Arrabidaea bilabiata (Bignoniaceae) em búfalos e bovinos
(2004-06) TOKARNIA, Carlos Maria Antônio Hubinger; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; OLIVEIRA, Carlos Magno Chaves; BRITO, Marilene de Farias; OLIVEIRA, Roseane Borner de; BARBAS, Luiz André Luz
Experiments showed that the clinical and pathological pictures were essentially the same, but the buffalo was at least twice more resistant than the bovine to the toxic effect of Arrabidaea bilabiata (Sprague) Sandw. It was also shown that the young leaves are twice (October, end of the dry season) or one and a half (May, end of the rainy season) more toxic than the mature leaves, and that the plant is more toxic in October. These data indicate that the smaller incidence of poisoning by plants of the group that causes sudden death in buffaloes in the Amazon Region is, in part, due to the greater resistance of this animal species to the toxic action of the plant. Also important seems to be the coincidence of the preferential habitat of the buffalo (flooded areas) with the habitat of A. bilabiata, less toxic than Palicourea marcgravii St.Hil. which is a plant of the non-flooded areas, the preferential habitat of cattle.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Brachiaria spp. poisoning of ruminants in Brazil
(2011-03) RIVERO, Beatriz Riet Correa; CASTRO, Márcio Botelho de; LEMOS, Ricardo Antônio Amaral de; CORREA, Gabriela Riet; MUSTAFA, Vanessa da Silva; CORREA, Franklin Riet
Brachiaria species are the most important grasses for cattle production in Brazil. However, a limiting factor for the use of Brachiaria spp. is their toxicity. Most outbreaks of hepatogenous photosensitization are caused by B. decumbens; however B. brizantha, B. humidicola and B. ruziziensis can also cause poisoning. The poisoning affects cattle, sheep, goats and buffalo. Sheep are more susceptible than other animal species and the young are more susceptible than adults. There are differences in susceptibility among animals of the same species and it has been suggested that this resistance is genetic. Also has been suggested that buffalo and probably some sheep are resilient, i.e. when poisoned these animals have histologic lesions and high GGT serum concentrations, but do not show clinical signs. In general, saponin concentrations are higher in growing plants, but outbreaks occur all over the year, probably due to unexplained rise in saponin concentration in the plant. A clinical syndrome of progressive weight loss and death, without photosensitization, has been reported in cattle poisoned by B. decumbens. Main preventive measures are based on the selection of resistant or resilient animals and on the development of Brachiaria species or varieties with low saponin concentration.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comparação da sensibilidade de bovinos e búfalos à intoxicação por Palicourea marcgravii (Rubiaceae)
(2003-12) BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; OLIVEIRA, Carlos Magno Chaves; TOKARNIA, Carlos Maria Antônio Hubinger; RIET-CORREA, Franklin
In order to verify if buffaloes are more resistant than cattle to poisoning by Palicourea marcgravii, the plant was given per os simultaneously to buffaloes and cattle. Seven buffaloes and three head of cattle were used. Doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg did not cause signs of poisoning in buffaloes; but doses of 3.0, 4.0 and 6.0 g/kg caused death. In cattle 0.25 g/kg did not cause symptoms; but 0.5 and 2.0 g/kg were lethal. The influence of exercise on the onset of symptoms, the time which elapsed from the beginning of the administration of the plant to the appearance of symptoms, and the symptoms themselves, were similar in the two animal species. The clinical course was longer in buffaloes; whilst in cattle the period between the onset of severe symptoms and death lasted 9 to 17 minutes; in buffaloes it varied from 10 minutes to 1 hour 28 minutes. It can be concluded, that buffaloes are about six times more resistant than cattle to the toxic action of P. maracgravii. The lower incidence of deaths in buffaloes by poisonous plants in the Amazon region is, at least in part, due the lower sensibility of buffaloes to poisoning by this plant. Another factor responsible for the smaller number of buffaloes which die due to plant poisoning in the Amazon region, is possibly that buffaloes prefer the lowlands, e.g. temporarily flooded areas, which are the habitat of Arrabidaea bilabiata, the second most important poisonous plant of the Amazon region. This plant is less poisonous than P. marcgravii, and its habitat are the higher not flooded areas. So it would be safer, in order to diminish losses, to breed buffaloes instead of cattle in areas where P. marcgravii occurs. The reason for the greater resistance of buffaloes should be further investigated as a possible prophylactic measure to avoid poisoning by P. marcgravii in cattle. On the other hand, Australian investigators modified genetically the ruminal bacteria Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens by introducing a gene, isolated from a Moraxella sp, which codifies a dehalogenase, capable of hydrolyzing fluoroacetate, the poisonous principle of P. marcgravii. Transferring the genetically modified B. fibrisolvens into the rumen of animals, which consume plants that contain fluoroacetate, would be a viable method to control that poisoning through a ruminal detoxifying process for the toxin. Through preliminary contacts, the director of the consorcium in Australia, responsible for the modification of the bacteria, declared that he is interested to sell the technology to our country, but it would be necessary to know if it is permitted to introduce into Brazil the genetically modified bacteria. If allowed, it would be necessary to perform investigations on the viability and the methodology for using this bacteria to control P. marcgravii poisoning in our country.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conditioned food aversion to control poisoning by Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa in goats
(2014-07) OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, Carlos Alberto de; CORREA, Gabriela Riet; TAVARES, Carla; SOUZA, Elda Ely Gomes de; CERQUEIRA, Valíria Duarte; PFISTER, James A.; COOK, Daniel; CORREA, Franklin Riet
Ipomoea carnea is a toxic plant often ingested by livestock in Brazil. Three experiments were conducted to determine if conditioned food aversion was effective in reducing goats' consumption of I. carnea. In the first experiment, 10 mildly intoxicated goats that had been eating I. carnea were averted using LiCl (175 to 200mg kg-1 body weight). These intoxicated goats did not develop an aversion to I. carnea, demonstrating that the technique is not effective in goats that are already accustomed to consuming the plant. In the second experiment, 14 naïve goats were placed in a pasture with I. carnea, and averted after they ingested the plant. In this group the aversion persisted until the end of the experiment, 2 years and 8 months after the initial aversion. In another experiment, 20 goats were placed in a pasture with I. carnea, and after consuming the plant were averted with LiCl. The averted goats were transferred to Marajo Island and periodically observed over a 2 year period at 2-3 month intervals to determine if they were still averted. The averted goats did not ingest the plant while grazing in the pasture, whereas in 6 neighboring goat farms the prevalence of intoxication from I. carnea poisoning was estimated to be about 40%. These results demonstrated the efficacy of conditioned food aversion to avoid ingestion of I. carnea in formerly naïve goats that had only recently begun to ingest the plant.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conditioned food aversion to Ipomoea carnea var. fistulosa induced by Baccharis coridifolia in goats
(2013-08) ADRIEN DELGADO, María de Lourdes; CORREA, Gabriela Riet; OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, Carlos Alberto de; PFISTER, James A.; COOK, Daniel; SOUZA, Elda Ely Gomes de; CORREA, Franklin Riet; SCHILD, Ana Lucia
Baccharis coridifolia is a plant that induces strong conditioned food aversion in ruminants. This research aimed to induce a conditioned food aversion to Ipomoea carnea var. fistulosa in goats, using B. coridifolia as an aversive agent, and to compare the aversion induced by this plant with the aversion induced by lithium chloride (LiCl). Thirteen goats were allotted into two groups: Group 1 with six goats was averted with 175mg/kg of body weight of LiCl and Group 2 with seven goats was averted with 0,25g/kg of bw of dried B. coridifolia. All goats were averted on day 1 after the ingestion of I. carnea. The aversion procedure with LiCl or B. coridifolia in goats from Groups 1 and 2, respectively, was repeated in those goats that again consumed the plant during tests on days 2, 3, and 7. The goats of both groups were challenged in pens on 23 and 38 days after the last day of aversion and challenged in the pasture on days 11, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 27 and 29 after the last day of aversion. After this period goats were challenged every 15 days on pasture until the 330º day after the last day of aversion (7th day). Two goats from Group 1 ingested I. carnea on the first day of the pasture challenge, 4 days after the last day of aversive conditioning in the pen. In addition, another goat in Group 1 started to consume the plant on day 18, and other two goats ate it on day 20. One goat in Group 1 that had never eaten I. carnea died on day 155. One goat from Group 2 started to ingest I. carnea on the first day of the pasture challenge, and a second goat started to consume this plant on day 182. At the end of the experiment, on day 330, the other five goats averted with B. coridifolia remained averted. These results suggest that B. coridifolia or an active compound from the plant could be used to induce aversion to toxic plants. Using B. coridifolia would be cheaper and, particularly in flocks with large number of animals, possibly easier than using LiCl, which requires the use of oral gavage and qualified personnel for its implementation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo comparativo da toxidez de Palicourea juruana (Rubiaceae) para búfalos e bovinos
(2004-03) OLIVEIRA, Carlos Magno Chaves; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; MACÊDO, Raquel Soares Cavaleiro de; BRITO, Marilene de Farias; PEIXOTO, Paulo Fernando de Vargas; TOKARNIA, Carlos Maria Antônio Hubinger
An experimental study was performed to establish the toxicity of Palicourea juruana for buffaloes and to add new data on the toxicity of this plant for cattle. The clinical and pathological pictures were similar, but a comparison of the lethal doses for buffaloes (1-2g/kg) and cattle (0.25g/kg) shows that the buffalo is at least 4 times more resistant. In experiments performed 10 years earlier with the fresh leaves - collected on the same farm in July, at the beginning of the dry season, only 2 months later than in this second experimental series - the lethal dose for cattle was 2 g/kg. No explanation was found for the extremely high toxicity of the plant observed in the present study.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evolução e reversibilidade das lesões neurológicas e cardíacas em ovinos intoxicados experimentalmente por Ateleia glazioviana e Tetrapterys multiglandulosa
(2008-03) ALMEIDA, Milton Begeres de; PRIEBE, Amanda Pantaleão da Silva; RIVERO, Beatriz Riet Correa; CORREA, Gabriela Riet; FISS, Letícia; RAFFI, Margarida Buss; SCHILD, Ana Lucia
To determine the reversibility of neurological and cardiac lesions in Ateleia glazioviana and Tetrapterys multiglandulosa poisoning, 3 groups of four sheep each were fed orally with the plants. In Group 1, 2 and 3, when sheep with nervous signs showed considerable increase of symptoms and risk of death, the plant administration was suspended. Group 4 with two sheep was used as control. Sheep from Group 1, fed 10g/kg during 6 days of fresh A. glazioviana collected in autumn were euthanized 8, 11, 16, and 21 days after the start of the experiment; they had shown regression of nervous signs, but had progressive cardiac lesions. Sheep from Group 2, fed during 8 days the same dose of fresh A. glazioviana collected in spring, were euthanized on days 9, 23, 38 and 68; they had shown regression of nervous signs and had no cardiac lesions. This suggests that the plant is less toxic in spring. Sheep from Group 3, fed 10g/kg during 11 days dry and ground T. multiglandulosa mixed with concentrated food, were euthanized on days 33, 33, 92 and 92; they had shown regression of nervous signs, and cardiac lesions were less severe on day 33 than on day 92. These results indicate that nervous lesions are reversible after the end of feeding, but cardiac lesions are progressive after discontinuation of the plant administration; these can be afterwards reversible if the animals do not anymore show clinical signs or die as a consequence of the poisoning. Results of those and previous experiments show that lesions of the nervous system are induced by lower doses than cardiac lesions and occur within a shorter period, what suggests that in spontaneous cases cardiac signs are always preceded by nervous signs, and that nervous signs can occur in the absence of cardiac lesions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Feeding preferences of experienced and naïve goats and sheep for the toxic plant Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-09) OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, Carlos Alberto de; CORREA, Gabriela Riet; LIMA, Everton Ferreira; LEITE, Danilo Maia; PFISTER, James A.; COOK, Daniel; CORREA, Franklin Riet
Ipomoea carnea is a toxic plant that grazing goats and cattle may learn to ingest with repeated exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feeding preferences of experienced and non-experienced (naïve) goats and sheep for I. carnea. The study used 3 groups of 5 goats (Group 1, experienced that were previously poisoned by the plant; group 2, naïve; Group 3, experienced eaters, composed of animals adapted to eat the fresh plant) and 2 groups of sheep (group 4, experienced that were previously poisoned by the plant; and group 5, naïve). For the test, the animals were placed daily for 10 minutes and 4 days in a rectangular stall (5x7m) with 4 feeders, each with 200g of a different food (Ipomoea carnea, commercial concentrate food, recently harvested green grass (mainly Brachiaria spp.), and Cynodon dactylonhay. The intake of concentrate food was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the consumption of green grass, hay and I. carnea. In a second 4 day trial, in which the commercial concentrate food was replaced by freshly harvested Amorimia septentrionalis, the ingestion of green grass (Brachiaria spp.) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the consumption of other foods. In both trials there was no significant difference in food consumption between eaters and naïve animals. The results suggest that experienced or naïve sheep and goats do not prefer I. carnea when it is offered with other foods or forages, suggesting that animals will avoid the plant and not become poisoned if other food options are available.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fotossensibilização hepatógena em eqüinos pela ingestão de Brachiaria humidicola (Gramineae) no estado do Pará
(2006-09) BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; OLIVEIRA, Carlos Magno Chaves; TOKARNIA, Carlos Maria Antônio Hubinger; PEIXOTO, Paulo Fernando de Vargas
Data on the clinical-pathological aspects and on the epidemioloy of a disease in horses, characterized by phototsensitization, which occurs in northeastern of Pará, Brazil, are presented. Of a total of 40 horses examined clinically, post-mortem examination was performed on seven. Due to the characteristic lesions found on the non-pigmented skin, the macroscopic and histological alterations in the liver, and knowing that Brachiaria grasses contain saponins with toxic properties, which cause liver lesions and photosensitization in cattle and sheep, it is concluded that this disease in horses is caused by grassing exclusively Brachiaria humidicola.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Intoxicação experimental por Cestrum laevigatum em bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-07-01) MARQUES, Débora Maria Marquiori; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1516707357889557; RIVERO, Gabriela Riet Correa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7540534565167837
The aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of Cestrum laevigatum for buffalos and characterize the clinical and pathological intoxication. Were used four Murrah buffaloes divided into two groups. Group 1 (buffalo 1 and 2) received 20g/kg of dried leaves of Cestrum laevigatum fed orally, whereas group 2 (buffalo 3 and 4) received 40g/kg. Buffalo 1 (group 1) showed mild clinical signs, characterized by a reduction of ruminal movements and recovered 60 hours after onset of clinical symptoms. Buffalo 2 (group 1) showed no signs. Buffaloes 3 and 4 (Group 2) showed the first signs 26h05min and 37h22min after the end of the administration, respectively. Clinical signs of intoxication were lethargy, anorexia, decrease or absence of ruminal movements, drooling, difficulty breathing, staggering gait, dysmetria, excitement, aggression, constipation, with stools containing mucus and blood, groans, dry nose, drowsiness, paddling movements and death in 44h11min (buffalo 3) and 60h39min (buffalo 4) after administration of the plant. At necropsy, Buffalo 3 revealed capsular and cut surface of liver brownish orange, mild edema of the gallbladder wall, left ventricular endocardium with extensive haematomas and endocardium of the right ventricle with a few petechiae, abomasum mucosa slightly reddish; contents abomasum slightly dry, large intestine with little content slightly dry and surrounded by mucus. In Buffalo 4 capsular and cut surface of liver colored orange, with a clear aspect of nutmeg , mild edema of gallbladder wall, mild splenomegaly, slightly reddish mucosa of the abomasum, small intestine content catarrhal and mucous, and slightly congested meninges. Histologically, the liver of both animals demonstrated marked coagulation and necrosis of hepatocytes in central and intermediate lobular zones and vacuolization of hepatocytes close to the areas of necrosis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Intoxicação natural e experimental por Metternichia princeps (Solanaceae) em caprinos
(2012-09) PRADO, Juliana da Silva; BRITO, Marilene de Farias; CALDAS, Saulo Andrade; YAMASAKI, Elise Miyuki; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; MAIA, Diogo dos Santos; TOKARNIA, Carlos Maria Antônio Hubinger
From 2007 to 2009 a nephrotoxic disease of subacute course and high mortality in goats occurred on a farm in the county of Itaguaí, Rio de Janeiro. Metternichia princeps, a plant of the Solanaceae family, was suspected to be the cause. Through experiments in goats the clinical-pathological picture of poisoning by the plant and the lethal dose were established. For the experiments 12 young and adult goats of different races, both sexes and with weights above 15 kg were used. The goats that received 30g/kg in 5 days, 15g/kg in 3 days, single doses of 10g/kg and 5g/kg, all died. Of two goats that received single doses of 2.5g/kg, one died but the other did not show any clinical sign; a goat that received the single dose of 1.25g/kg also did not show any symptom of poisoning. First clinical signs were observed from 7 hours to 46h45min after the plant intake. The clinical course varied from 3h6min to 126h40min. First clinical signs were loss of appetite, adipsia, apathy and reluctance to move. After the animals entered in sternal decubitus and when they were placed in standing position, they kept their front limbs flexed, supported only by the posterior limbs on the floor until evolving into flexion of all four limbs followed by lateral decubitus. Postmortem examination revealed edema of the perirenal adipose tissue, pale kidneys which on the cut-surface showed whitish stripes from the cortex to the medullar area. At histopathology, severe coagulative necrosis of epithelial cells of the kidney tubules was seen. Compared with the natural cases, the goats experimentally poisoned by M. princeps, presented a similar clinic-pathological picture. By these experiments it could be proved that Metternichia princeps is the toxic plant that causes a nephrotoxic disease in goats in the Rio de Janeiro area; the minor lethal dose was 2,5g/kg in the experiments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Intoxicação natural por Ipomoea asarifolia (Convolvulaceae) em búfalos na Ilha de Marajó, Pará
(2012-09) BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; TOKARNIA, Carlos Maria Antônio Hubinger; ALBERNAZ, Tatiane Teles; OLIVEIRA, Carlos Magno Chaves; SILVA, Natália da Silva e; SILVEIRA, José Alcides Sarmento da; REIS, Alessandra dos Santos Belo; LIMA, Danillo Henrique da Silva
Epidemiological aspects and clinical signs of natural poisoning by Ipomoea asarifolia in buffaloes are described. The poisoning was diagnosed in four buffaloes on three different farms, in the County of Cachoeira do Arari, Marajó Island, Pará, and occurred in November-December, a period of drought and severe pasture shortage. The clinical signs were of the central nervous system, as unsteady gait, hypermetria, severe muscular tremors, falling down in unusual positions, nystagmus and marked excitement, signs that turned more severe after movement. Based on the epidemic aspects, clinical signs and absence of histopatological changes, poisoning by Ipomoea asarifolia was diagnosed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Intoxicação por Cestrum laevigatum (Solanaceae) em bubalinos
(2010-12) BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; OLIVEIRA, Carlos Magno Chaves; PINHEIRO, Cleyton Prado; LOPES, Cinthia Távora de Albuquerque; MARQUES, Débora Maria Marquiori; BRITO, Marilene de Farias; YAMASAKI, Elise Miyuki; TOKARNIA, Carlos Maria Antônio Hubinger
Based on the history and clinical and pathological data, as well as on inspection of the pastures, a mortality of buffaloes in the county of Itaguaí/RJ, Brazil, was diagnosed as poisoning by Cestrum laevigatum Schlecht., a plant of the Solanaceae family. The poisoning was reproduced in two buffaloes. Dried leaves of the shrub were administered by hand, in single doses corresponding to 20g/kg and 40g/kg of the fresh leaves, to four buffaloes of the Murrah breed. The dose corresponding to 40g/kg of the fresh leaves caused signs of poisoning, as apathy, anorexia, absence of rumen movements, dysmetria, excitement and aggressiveness, followed by death of the two buffaloes within 65 hours after administration. From the two buffaloes that received the corresponding dose of 20g/kg of the fresh plant, one presented clinical signs characterized mainly by decrease of the rumen movements, but recovered 97h22min after the administration; the other buffalo did not show symptoms of poisoning. Laboratory analyses for biochemical evaluation accused hepatic alterations. In one buffalo that died, the main macroscopic finding was an orange liver with a clear nutmeg appearance; in the second buffalo, the orange liver had no nutmeg appearance. Other alterations found in these two buffaloes were slight edema of the gall bladder wall, a slightly reddish mucous membrane of the abomasum, extensive echymoses in the endocard of the left ventricle and few petechiae in the endocard of the right ventricle; the abomasum content was slightly dry, and the large intestine had little and slightly dry contents wrapped by mucus. Histopatological examination revealed severe coagulative necrosis of the liver parenchyma in the centrolobular and intermediate lobular areas, with a halo of vacuolated hepatocytes at the periphery of the necrotic areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Intoxicação por Ipomoea asarifolia em ovinos e bovinos na Ilha de Marajó
(2008-12) TORTELLI, Fábio Py; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; OLIVEIRA, Carlos Magno Chaves; DUARTE, Marcos Dutra; CERQUEIRA, Valíria Duarte; OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, Carlos Alberto de; CORREA, Franklin Riet; RIVERO, Gabriela Riet Correa
To determine plant poisonings occurring on Marajo Island, state of Pará, northern Brazil, 7 farms were visited. All farms had native pastures with low forage availability severely infected by Ipomoea asarifolia. In 5 farms poisoning in sheep by the plant was reported. The disease occurs mainly during the dry period and lambs are more frequently affected than adult sheep. Sheep with clinical signs were observed in 2 farms. In 4 establishments farmers reported the occurrence of I. asarifolia poisoning in cattle. In one farm affected cattle were observed during two visits, one during the dry season and another at the start of the raining season. Deaths are observed mainly in calves. In both species the poisoning occurs every year with variable morbidity and low mortality. One bovine and one sheep with severe clinical signs were euthanized and post-mortem examination was performed. No gross or histologic significant lesions were observed. In all farms buffaloes were raised together with cattle and sheep, and in 3 farms goats were also raised. None of the farmers reported the intoxication in these species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Intoxicação por Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (Convolvulaceae) em caprinos na Ilha do Marajó, Pará
(2009-07) OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, Carlos Alberto de; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; DUARTE, Marcos Dutra; CERQUEIRA, Valíria Duarte; CORREA, Franklin Riet; TORTELLI, Fábio Py; RIVERO, Gabriela Riet Correa
Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa is a swainsonine-containing plant causing a glycoprotein storage diseases in ruminants, mainly in goats in northeastern Brazil. Seven farms were visited on the Marajo Island, state of Pará, northern Brazil, six in the municipality of Cachoeira do Arari and one in the municipality of Soure. In all farms native pastures had shortage of forage and were largely invaded by I. carnea subsp. fistulosa. On the three farms goats presented difficulties in standing, ataxia, hypermetria, wide-based stance, lateral gait, intention tremors, spastic paresis or weakness, abnormal postural reactions, nystagmus, loss of equilibrium and falling to the side or backward. On two farms the prevalence was of 32% (23/71) and 100% (32/32). On another farm one goat out of 19 had severe clinical signs, but the others of the flock were not examined clinically. Cattle, sheep and buffaloes were not affected. Six goats were euthanized and necropsied. No gross lesions were observed. Upon histological examination the main lesion was the vacuolization of the perikaryon of neurons and cytoplasm of epithelial cells of thyroid, liver, kidney, pancreas and macrophages of different organs. In the central nervous system the vacuolization of the perikaria was more severe in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and in nuclei of the brain stem, mainly the cerebellar nuclei. Wallerian degeneration of axons and gliosis was also observed. The high frequency of the disease on the three farms suggests that poisoning by I. carnea subsp. fistulosa is very important for goats on Marajó Island where there are large amounts of the plant in the pastures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Intoxicações experimental e natural por Ipomoea asarifolia (Convolvulaceae) em búfalos e outros ruminantes
(2005-12) BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; OLIVEIRA, Carlos Magno Chaves; DUARTE, Marcos Dutra; PEIXOTO, Paulo Fernando de Vargas; TOKARNIA, Carlos Maria Antônio Hubinger
Ipomoea asarifolia R. et Schult. is a plant responsible for occasional outbreaks of poisoning in cattle, sheep and goats. Its oral administration to cattle and buffalos showed that the buffalo is as susceptible as cattle. One to 4 daily doses of 10-20g/kg caused similar symptoms in both species, as incoordination, muscular twiching and swaying of the head and anterior part of the body (pendular movement). In buffaloes the signs of incoordination were observed to a smaller extent. There is no report yet on natural poisoning by I. asarifolia in buffaloes, possibly because cases are not being noticed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sinais clínicos, lesões e alterações produtivas e reprodutivas em caprinos intoxicados por Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (Convolvulaceae) que deixaram de ingerir a planta
(2011-11) OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, Carlos Alberto de; RIET, Franklin Correa; DUARTE, Marcos Dutra; CERQUEIRA, Valíria Duarte; ARAÚJO, Cláudio Vieira de; RIVERO, Gabriela Riet Correa
The aim of this research was to study the clinical signs, productive and reproductive performance, and lesions of goats poisoned by Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa after removal from the paddocks where the plant occurred. Thirty seven goats were divided into four groups: Group 1 consisted of 14 goats with poor body conditions and mild to severe nervous signs, acquired from a farm where the plant occurred; Group 2 (control) consisted of 10 goats which had also poor body conditions, but were acquired from a farm where the plant did not occur; Group 3 consisted of two goats with clinical signs of intoxication and which were slaughtered on the farm where they became poisoned; Group 4 consisted of 11 goats slaughtered as controls for the study of gross and histological lesions. The animals from Group 1 and 2 were evaluated for a period of 12 months on a farm located in the municipality of Castanhal/Pará, in a paddock where the plant did not occur. Six months later, the animals of Group 1 continued with poor body condition, rough hair coat, and nervous signs, especially intention tremors, what became with time less noticeable. In the same period, the goats of Group 2 gained an average of 13 kg body weight. Goats from Group 1 showed to be more susceptible to gastrointestinal parasites than those from Group 2. From the eight goats of Group 1 remaining on the farm only 4 became pregnant and delivered three kids which died shortly after birth, while all goats from Group 2 got pregnant and delivered healthy kids. At necropsy, two goats from Group 1 showed cerebellar atrophy. The main histological change observed in animals of Groups 1 and 3 was a decreased number of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. It is concluded that goats chronically intoxicated by I. carnea and which discontinued to ingest the plant but showed still clinical signs, even though diminished in intensity, had poor productive and reproductive performance and were highly susceptible to gastrointestinal parasites. For economical reasons, it is suggested that farmers cull affected animals which show still nervous signs 15 days after the end of I. carnea consumption. The most common permanent clinical signs are intention tremors, probably due to the loss of Purkinje cells, what could be primarily responsible for the malnutrition of the goats, the resulting reproductive failure and increased susceptibility to gastrointestinal parasites.