Navegando por Assunto "Plantas"

Agora exibindo 1 - 17 de 17

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Aspleniaceae (Polypodiopsida) do corredor de biodiversidade do norte do Pará, Brasil: um fragmento do Centro de Endemismo Guiana
(2012-06) GÓES NETO, Luiz Armando de Araújo; PIETROBOM, Marcio Roberto
This paper is part of a series that will treat the lycophyte and fern species of the Northern Pará Biodiversity Corridor, and is part of the project "Diagnóstico da Biodiversidade das Unidades de Conservação Estaduais do Mosaico Calha Norte, Estado do Pará". Aspleniaceae are treated in this article, and an identification key, illustrations, geographic distributions, brief descriptions, and taxonomic comments are provided. There are eight species of Aspleniaceae in this region (Asplenium angustum Sw., A. auritum Sw., A. cruegeri Hieron., A. delitescens (Maxon) L.D. Gómez, A. juglandifolium Lam., A. salicifolium L., A. serratum L. and A. stuebelianum Hieron.). The majority of the species are epiphytes that grow on decaying trunks inside the forest. For this family, the registered species correspond to 35% of the species in the Brazilian Amazon, and 40% of species in Pará State.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Assessing the genetic structure of Oryza glumaepatula populations with isozyme markers
(2008-10) VEASEY, Elizabeth Ann; CARDIM, Daruska Cavalcante; SILVA, Rainério Meireles da; BRESSAN, Eduardo de Andrade; VENCOVSKY, Roland
To assess the genetic diversity and genetic structure parameters, nine populations of Oryza glumaepatula from the Amazon biome, four from the Pantanal biome, and one collected at Rio Xingu, Mato Grosso, totaling 14 populations and 333 individuals were studied with isozyme markers. Six loci were evaluated showing a moderate allozyme variability (A = 1.21, P = 20.7%, Ho = 0.005, He = 0.060). The populations from the Pantanal biome showed higher diversity levels than the Amazon biome. High genetic differentiation among the populations, expected for self-fertilizing species, was observed (FST=0.763), with lower differentiation found among the Pantanal populations (FST=0.501). The average apparent outcrossing rate was higher for the Pantanal populations (ta = 0.092) than for the Amazonian populations (ta = 0.003), while the average for the 14 populations was 0.047, in accordance with a self-fertilization mating system.
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Collecting and evaluation of germplasm of spiked pepper from Brazilian Amazon
(2010-06) GAIA, José Maria Demetrio; MOTA, Milton Guilherme da Costa; CONCEIÇÃO, Carmen Célia Costa da; MAIA, José Guilherme Soares
Spiked pepper (Piper aduncum L.) is an aromatic plant species with high essential oil production. It is a species that occurs abundantly in the Brazilian Amazon. Its essential oil has exploitable biological properties in the human health and agriculture. Aiming to study its germplasm toward future use in genetic breeding programs, collecting was carried out (inflorescences, cuttings, leaves and thin branches) in ten provenances from the Brazilian Amazon. Twelve morphoagronomic traits were determined to take the data: number of leaves by branch, length of leaf, width of the leaf, circumference of the older branch, height of the plant, number of orthotropic branches, number of plageotropic branches, length of the internodes, number of spikes per branches, yielding of oil, content and production of dillapiole, as well as data on the environment and populations of spiked pepper. The inflorescences and cuttings were encoded and sent for the Federal Rural University from Pará State (UFRA), Brazil, for propagation. The leaves and thin branches were sent for the Emílio Goeldi Museum, from Pará State (MPEG) for extraction of essential oil (hydrodistillation). Estimators of amplitude of variation, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were utilized to study the phenotypical variability. The morphoagronomic traits of largest variability were number of orthotropic branches, number of spikes per branch, circumference of the older branch and the content and production of dillapiole. This species has adapted to many different environments of vegetation, soil, climate, relief and drainage becomming easy the domestication and cropping. There is morphoagronomic variability pleasing the selection and genetic breeding.
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Cyatheales (Polypodiopsida) do Corredor de Biodiversidade do Norte do Pará, Brasil
(2014-09) GÓES NETO, Luiz Armando de Araújo; PIETROBOM, Marcio Roberto
This paper is part of a series where the lycophyte and fern species of the Biodiversity Corridor ofnorthern Pará State are presented, produced under the project "Diagnóstico da Biodiversidade das Unidades de ConservaçãoEstaduais do Mosaico Calha Norte, Estado do Pará". In this manuscript the taxonomic treatment of Cyatheales is presented with identification keys, illustrations, distribution, descriptions, and comments to the studied taxa. Two families (Cyatheaceae and Metaxyaceae), three genera (Cnemidaria, Cyathea, and Metaxya), eight species, and one variety are registered. Cyathea is the most representative genus with seven species.
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Dentre plantas e mulheres: a porta de entrada do universo místico e poético que envolve mulheres em Salvaterra
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016) PEIXOTO, Lanna Beatriz Lima; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da
In this present study we show preliminary reflections about the mythical universe involving women and female space in the Marajó region. We present data from the first two trips to the countryside, where we highlight two women in particular: Mrs.Marta in Joanes district, and Mrs. Joana, in a "quilombo", both located in the municipality of Salvaterra. Here, we expose some notes raised by the encounter with these two women, to think about their experiences from the dialogue with a specific bibliography. At first the existence of a common theme helped us we enter the universe of their daily lives and more directly from their yards, from where the knowledge related to medicinal plants have emerged as the tip of a ball, comprising memories and knowledge in around healing practices of shamanism and local mysticism, involving mainly the female figure we intend to address this during the discussion in this article.
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O dom de curar
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09) CHAVES, Ana Maria Chaves de; SARAIVA, Luis Junior Costa
The film production presented is the result of a research carried out in SoureMarajó-Pará on the experiences of the gift of healing from the ethnographic observation of Senhora Maria Florinda and her daily life with her plants and her knowledge related to the gift of healing
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Each person has a science of planting: plants cultivated by quilombola communities of Bocaina, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06) SANTOS, Thais Aparecida Coelho dos; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra
(Each person has a science of planting: plants cultivated by quilombola communities of Bocaina, Mato Grosso State, Brazil). The objective of this study was to record the most important vegetal resources in the life of the quilombolas of Bocaina, emphasizing the practices of agrobiodiversity management. We used semi-strutured and informal interviews, free list, and participant observation. For records, we used a field diary, photos, and recordings. For analysis, we performed calculations of absolute and relative frequencies, linear regression analysis to verify relations between age and species richness, Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA), and diversity profile. We recorded a total of 180 species, of which, the most cited plants were food crops cultivated in backyards and clearings. Ninety-seven medicinal species used for various diseases were recorded. The most common form of use is leaf tea. We verified that the plants management is of agroecological character favoring biodiversity maintenance. We concluded that the Community, by means of its traditional knowledge, performs agroecological management of the plants, promoting food security for its family and conservation of genetic resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecofisiologia de plantas jovens de mogno-africano submetidas a deficit hídrico e reidratação
(2013-01) ALBUQUERQUE, Marcos Paulo Ferreira de; MORAES, Fabrícia Kelly Cabral; SANTOS, Rodolfo Inacio Nunes; CASTRO, Gledson Luiz Salgado de; RAMOS, Edson Marcos Leal Soares; PINHEIRO, Hugo Alves
The objective of this work was to evaluate the capacity of young plants of African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis) to recover their water status and gas exchange after water deficit. Plants with approximately 315 days, irrigated (control) and non-irrigated, were evaluated after water was withheld for 14 days, and after one, three, and seven days of irrigation resumption (rehydration). On day 14, the predawn leaf water potential (Ψam) of stressed plants was reduced to -2.66 MPa. With water deficit, significant decreases were observed in predawn relative water content (32% reduction), in net assimilation rate of CO2 (90%), in stomatal conductance (95%), in transpiration (93%), and in intercellular to ambient ratio of CO2 concentration (37%). During rehydration, the water status of stressed plants was recovered after three days. Gas exchange was also recovered, but in a slower rate than water status. Under water deficit, proline concentration increased and total soluble carbohydrate concentration decreased. Young African mahogany plants are tolerant to moderate water deficit.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Effects of marginal vegetation removal on Odonata communities
(Associação Brasileira de Limnologia, 2013-03) CARVALHO, Fernando Geraldo de; PINTO, Nelson Silva; OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, José Max Barbosa de; JUEN, Leandro
AIM: Here we assess the effects of habitat degradation on individuals of the two suborders of Odonata community of Borecaia river sub-basin. More specifically, we tested the hypothesis that Anisoptera richness would be positively affected by removal of vegetation; on the other hand, Zygoptera richness would be adversely affected by virtue of their ecophysiological requirements; METHODS: We selected 10 streams of similar orders, six preserved and four degraded. Streams characterized as preserved had values of Index of Habitat Integrity (HII) above 0.70 (0.77 ± 0.07, mean ± SD) and continuous forest on both sides with a minimum width of 70 meters. Each site was sampled three times on different days. The effect of vegetation removal on richness was assessed using richness estimated by first order Jackknife; RESULTS: Decreased physical integrity (measured with IIH) of streams had no significant effect on the estimated richness to Odonata in general. However, the estimated richness of Anisoptera showed an inverse relationship with the integrity (r2 = 0.485, P = 0.025), i.e., there was a reduction in their species richness with increasing integrity; DISCUSSION: As a general pattern, Anisoptera presents higher richness in an altered site; on the other hand, Zygoptera presents higher richness in a preserved one. This pattern suggests that Odonata needs to be considered at the sub-order level to access the effects of habitat degradation on these insects. Because of its restrictions ecophysiological Odonata varied widely in their composition and species richness between the two types of environments, it reinforces the potential of the order of studies and environmental monitoring also shows that Zygoptera be more affected by changes in habitat. However, further studies including more samples and different streams are need to confirm this pattern, being an interesting line of research for future works.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fungos conidiais em Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaizeiro) na Ilha do Combu, Pará-Brasil
(2012-12) CASTRO, Carla Corrêa de; HERNÁNDEZ GUTIÉRREZ, Antonio
The objective of this study was look for conidial fungi (hyphomycetes) associated with decomposing, dead vegetative material of Euterpe oleracea Mart. collected on Combu Island (Belém, Pará), an environmentally protected area. From August 2008 to April 2009, decomposing parts of E. oleracea were collected and kept in a moist chamber for seven days. Somatic and reproductive fungal structures were extracted from the substrate and mounted on semi-permanent slides for morphological study using optical microscopy. This paper includes descriptions, comments, geographical distributions and illustrations of new records for Brazil. All these records are new for the study area, 11 are new records for Brazil, and 12 are new for the Brazilian Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A influência das características funcionais nas propriedades estruturais das redes de interações entre abelhas e plantas e na especialização das espécies
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05) BRITO, Renata dos Reis; RIBEIRO, Felipe Martello; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7573847493388303; GIANNINI, Tereza Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5065441638246972; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9830-1204
Interaction networks are regulated by several factors, including functional traits, which one can predict network structural properties and also define the interaction partners pairs. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of functional traits on the structural properties of plant-bee networks and species specialization in forest areas of the eastern Amazon. Interaction data were collected at 14 sampling sites in the Carajás National Forest (Pará; Amazon biome). We used the metrics Interaction Diversity (ID) and Interaction Evenness (IE) to describe the network topological structure. The specialization metric d' was used to determine whether species were generalists or specialists. The functional diversity was represented by the following metrics: Functional Dispersion (FDis) and Functional Evenness (FEve). Z-score analyses were performed to assess whether there were differences in the ID and IE metrics considering the 14 networks analyzed. To assess whether and which bee and plant functional traits are associated with specialization, we used linear models for numerical traits and ANOVA for categorical traits. For the assessment of the relationship between ID and IE with functional diversity, we made a selection of linear models corrected for network size, with network metrics as response variables and functional metrics as predictors. We recorded a total of 60 bee species visiting 74 plant species. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in the ID and IE metrics between the sampling sites. This indicates that the diversity and evenness of interactions did not vary between sampling sites. The species Borreria ocymifolia (Roem. & Schult.) Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral has on average low values of specialization d'. It is also the most common plant, occurring in 11 of the 14 sampled sites. Another six more common plant species that were identified also have on average low values of specialization d', which may be an indication of opportunistic partner selection in comparison to other species in the networks. The species Trigona guianae Cockerell, 1910 has an average value of specialization d'. It is also the most common bee, occurring at all sampled sites. Functional traits were not related to the specialization d' of either plants or bees. Functional dispersal of plants was positively related to interaction diversity in this study, suggesting that plant communities are functionally more unique. Network size was also positively related to interaction diversity. In conclusion, it is important to consider the diversity and species functions of bee-plant interaction networks to understand the ecology of these relationships.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Licófitas e monilófitas das Unidades de Conservação da Usina Hidroelétrica - UHE de Tucuruí, Pará, Brasil
(2012-06) FERNANDES, Rozijane Santos; ROSÁRIO, Sebastião Maciel do; PIETROBOM, Marcio Roberto
This work presents a survey of lycophytes and monilophytes in the Conservation Unit named Zonas de Preservação da Vida Silvestre da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí, Pará State, Brazil. This Conservation Unit is located at southeastern Pará and comprises about 29,700 ha, composed mainly of tropical rainforest. Our results recorded 18 families, 37 genera and 82 species. The richest family is Pteridaceae, with 21 species, and Adiantum is the richest genus, with 14 species. Three species are new records for Pará State: Didymoglossum ovale, Danaea nodosa, and Pecluma hygrometrica. Furthermore, two new species were identified. One has already been described, Thyelypteris amazonica. The other new species belongs to the genus Adiantum and shall be published soon. The floristic richness of the area, associated with the taxonomic novelties, attests for its biological importance and for the necessity of increasing the efforts on research and conservation of the study area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Morphologic characterization of spiked pepper's germplasm
(2011-06) GAIA, José Maria Demetrio; MOTA, Milton Guilherme da Costa; CONCEIÇÃO, Carmen Célia Costa da; MAIA, José Guilherme Soares
Spiked pepper is a plant species with properties that allow the development of natural agrochemicals and medicines, showing large potential of use by humanity. With aim to ascertain the phenotypical variability, 41 parentals were analyzed, sampled in the States of Pará and Amazonas. Principal Component analysis and Jolliffe's criterion were utilized for discarding of variables, subsidized by the Pearson's Correlation. It took seven components to explain 80% of the variation. The essential oil yield and number of leaves per branch were suggested to be discarded because they are the characteristics that have contributed least to the total variance. The 3D scatter diagram constituted a relatively homogeneous and continuous clustering, identifing a divergent pair: PA-020 (Marabá-PA) and PA-035 (Santa Isabel-PA). The analyzed traits have variability potentially able to discriminate the parentals, whereas 83.3% of such traits can be used for this purpose. The divergent genotypes identified on 3D scatter diagram analysis can be used in breeding programs for the development of superior genotypes. A comparison with preexisting molecular data of some genotypes permited to conclude that there was one certain agreement degree between morphological and molecular characterizations and that molecular characterization presented higher discriminatory power, using a smaller number of genotypes, identifying dissimilar genotypes and clusters, although analyzed by different multivariate statistic methods.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Phytosterols isolated from endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Melanconiaceae)
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2016-03) CARVALHO, Josiwander Miranda; PAIXÃO, Luanna Karyna Olimpio da; DOLABELA, Maria Fâni; MARINHO, Patrícia Santana Barbosa; MARINHO, Andrey Moacir do Rosário
Endophytic fungi are fungi that colonize internal tissues of plants. There are few studies of compounds isolated from endophytic fungi of Amazon plants. Thus, the aim this study was the isolation and structural identification of sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), sitostenone (3), squalene (4), ergosterol (5) and ergosterol peroxide (6) from fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated as endophytic from Virola michelli, a typical Amazon plant, used in folk medicine against skin infection. Compounds were isolated by chromatography column on silica and identified by 1 H and 13C NMR and MS. The presence of phytosterols in fungi is rare and this is the first report of the isolation of the phytosterols sitosterol, stigmasterol and sitostenone from the genus Colletotrichum.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Precisamos pisar no chão: plantas medicinais e ancestrais usos de práticas e saberes entre os quilombolas de Deus Ajude
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-07) SOUZA, José Luis Souza de; CARDOSO, Denise Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2685857306168366
This research is carried out in a traditional territory recognized as Deus Ajude and investigates the relationship between the use of medicinal plants and the Quilombola identity in this community, located in the Marajó archipelago, Pará, Brazil. Motivated by the debates on the preservation of Quilombola territories, especially after the constitutional recognition of traditional lands by Art. 68 of the ADCT (1988), this anthropological and sociological research examines how ancestral knowledge linked to the use of plants strengthens the Quilombola cultural identity and contributes to territorial conservation. With a population of approximately 300 inhabitants, the community makes sustainable use of a biodiverse area composed of forests that provide the use of their fruits, ancestral and medicinal plants, lianas and rushes, in addition to rivers with fish and other aquatic animals that make up a rich scenario with potential for the development of different activities. The research also analyzes the challenges imposed by the expansion of agribusiness on these territories and the replacement of traditional knowledge by modern pharmacological practices, highlighting the relevance of traditional knowledge for cultural resistance and environmental sustainability.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Recurso polínico coletado por abelhas sem ferrão (Apidae, Meliponinae) em um fragmento de floresta na região de Manaus - Amazonas
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2009-09) OLIVEIRA, Francisco Plácido Magalhães; ABSY, Maria Lúcia; MIRANDA, Izildinha Souza
The objective of this study was to characterize the resources used by Amazonian bees Melipona seminigra merrillae, Melipona fulva, Trigona fulviventris and CephaloTrigona femorata, in an urban Forest patch at Manaus city from March to October 2001. The pollen analysis determined 90 pollen types, distributed in 31 families, 67 genera and 10 palynologycal types unidentified. Trigona fulviventris was the bee species that presented the most diversified pollen types, using 58 sources in that period. The size of pollen types used were distributed as follows: T. fulviventris (58), M.s. merrilae (41), C. femorata (34) and M. fulva (25). Plant species contributing the most for the diet of the bees and presenting the highest frequencies on the pollen samples were Miconia myriantha (12,91%), Leucaena leucocephalla (9,52%), Tapirira guianensis (6,53%), Eugenia stipitata (6,22%), Protium heptaphyllum (6,17%) and Vismia guianensis (5,93%). Generally the bees concentrated their collections on a reduced number of plant species and with a differentiated degree of use for each source. Pollen types with frequency above 10% occurred in a small proportion for most months, being responsible for more than 50% of all the pollen collected every month. Pollen source used varied according to the species, T. fulviventris had a more broad and diversified diet, whereas M. fulva was the bees species that least diversified its diet. T. fulviventris presented higher uniformity on the use of pollen sources and the pollen niches overlap was higher between M.s. merrillae and M. fulva and lower between T. fulviventris and C. femorata.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
The plant cell cycle: Pre-Replication complex formation and controls
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03) BRASIL, Juliana Nogueira; COSTA, Carinne de Nazaré Monteiro; CABRAL, Luiz Mors; FERREIRA, Paulo Cavalcanti Gomes; HEMERLY, Adriana Silva
The multiplication of cells in all living organisms requires a tight regulation of DNA replication. Several mechanisms take place to ensure that the DNA is replicated faithfully and just once per cell cycle in order to originate through mitoses two new daughter cells that contain exactly the same information from the previous one. A key control mechanism that occurs before cells enter S phase is the formation of a pre-replication complex (pre-RC) that is assembled at replication origins by the sequential association of the origin recognition complex, followed by Cdt1, Cdc6 and finally MCMs, licensing DNA to start replication. The identification of pre-RC members in all animal and plant species shows that this complex is conserved in eukaryotes and, more importantly, the differences between kingdoms might reflect their divergence in strategies on cell cycle regulation, as it must be integrated and adapted to the niche, ecosystem, and the organism peculiarities. Here, we provide an overview of the knowledge generated so far on the formation and the developmental controls of the pre-RC mechanism in plants, analyzing some particular aspects in comparison to other eukaryotes.