Navegando por Assunto "Plantas medicinais - Irituia (PA)"

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Agropecuária dos Produtores Familiares Irituienses e o potencial de extratos de plantas medicinais no manejo de pragas e doenças do maracujazeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) SILVA, Clenilda Tolentino Bento da; ISHIDA, Alessandra Keiko Nakasone; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756162526907626; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6021-185X; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1608-9551
The present study aimed to broaden the knowledge of the productive systems, the social, economic and cultural aspects of the affiliates the Agricultural Cooperative of Family Farmers Irituienses (Irituia-PA), evaluating the effect of alcoholic extracts of medicinal plants grown by farmers on the in vitro growth of passion fruit culture of pathogens and reduce the severity of spot in the greenhouse as well as evaluate the potential of insecticide extracts on larvae of Tenebrio molitor L. 1758. In the survey, we used taped interviews and guided by previously structured questionnaires. It was noted that agriculture is the main economic activity for the cooperative, hand-to-work is familiar and the production system is based on temporary and perennial crops, fish farming, setting up small animals, in addition to the recovery work and preservation of native forest. The main medicinal plants grown by farmers are: basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.), aloe (Aloe vera L.), boldo-the-kingdom (Plectranthus barbatus Andrews), holy grass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf), d'vine garlic (Mansoa alliaceae Gentry) coramina (Pedilanthus tithymaloides Port), lemon balm (Lippia alba (Mill) NEBrown.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.), ginger (Zingiber officinalis Rosc.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides L .), neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) and hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). To evaluate the antifungal effect on mycelial growth in vitro of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated passion fruit, alcoholics extracts were added to the culture medium (PDA) melting, 55 ° C at 1%. After solidification of the culture medium on the plates, they were deposited a fungus mycelium disk about 8 mm in diameter in the center of each plate. The control did not receive the treatment. Mycelial growth was assessed daily with the aid of a digital caliper until than the fungus one of treatments reached the ends of the plate. The experimental setup was completely randomized with 15 treatments and five repetitions. In the evaluation of the antibacterial effect on the growth of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae the extracts were added to the medium 523 at a 1% concentration at 55 ° C. After the solidification of medium, it is deposited 100 L of bacterial suspension which is spread with the aid of a Drigalski handle. The plates were incubated for 48 h at 28 ° C and the experimental setup was completely randomized. The evaluation was conducted by counting the colony-forming units (CFU) on the plates. In the in vivo test, the extracts at 1% were applied in passion fruit plants with 2-3 pairs of true leaves three days before the pathogen inoculation. The experimental setup was randomized blocks with 16 treatments and five repetitions. The evaluation was 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days after inoculation, copper oxychloride was used as the control treatment. In both trials the data were submitted to analysis of variance and the statistical analysis was performed by the Scott & Knott test (1974) using the statistical program SISVAR. It was found that all extracts have antifungal potential and, eucalyptus extract reduced the mycelial growth of all fungi studied with results between 21.06 to 51.73%. While the lemon balm, eucalyptus, garlic d'vine, mastruz, neem, aloe and vinegar extracts inhibited the growth of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae from 15.35 to 30.3%. In greenhouse of Boldo-do-kingdom, coramina, ginger, neem, eucalyptus extracts and copper oxychloride promoted reducing the severity of bacterial spot between 27.24 and 53.86%. The evaluation of potential pesticide was used two methods, contact and topical application on larvae of Tenebrio molitor. In effect by contact of the contaminated surface, filter paper discs were impregnated with 700 μl of crude extracts for topical application route was used 3 μl extract applied to each larva. Which were held in camera of BOD, at 25 ± 2 ° C, relative humidity of 70% and photoperiod of 12 hours. The experimental setup was completely randomized with 18 treatments and four replications evaluated daily. After 10 days it was found that contaminated surface in the extracts did not show insecticidal properties. However, the extracts, when topically applied, promoted mortality between 50 and 100%, demonstrating biocide effect against T. molitor larvae in the laboratory. In conclusion, Cooperative D'Irituia plays an important role in economic, social and cultural development of farmers. The adoption process of agro-ecological practices is occurring gradually. Based on the results obtained it can be inferred that the extracts of medicinal plants studied in this research, in addition to insecticide potential, they possess promising substances potentially that can be used as an alternative control in the management of bacterial and fungal diseases on passion fruit.