Navegando por Assunto "Pobreza"

Agora exibindo 1 - 13 de 13

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Association between family poverty and the neuropsychomotor development of children in the administrative districts of Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09) COSTA, Elson Ferreira; CAVALCANTE, Lília Iêda Chaves; SILVA, Mariane Lopes da; GUERREIRO, Talitha Buenaño França
Introduction: Childhood development represents a sequence of changes in behavior and underlying processes, inϐluenced by biological and environmental factors. Screening and monitoring of neurodevelopment show effective procedures for early identiϐication of different disorders of childhood development. Objective: To analyze the neurodevelopment, using the Denver Developmental Screening Test II, of children enrolled in preschools of Administrative Districts in Belém and to map the districts and the percentage of development evaluated as normal and suspected delay. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and exploratory descriptive study. A questionnaire was administered to parents to collect the personal, contextual and family data and an instrument to measure the level of family poverty. Results: Of the 319 children assessed, 77.7% showed a suspected delay in neuropsychomotor developmental and 59.2% in language. The family poverty level variable showed a statistically signiϐicant association with the overall level of development (p = .011) and of language (p = .003). Conclusion: It is hoped that this study will contribute to generate an impact in improving the ecological conditions of children and their families, reducing the risks to which they are exposed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As Catadoras de mangaba no Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos – PAA: um estudo de caso em Sergipe
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-09) MOTA, Dalva Maria da; SCHMITZ, Heribert; SILVA JÚNIOR, Josué Francisco da; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; OLIVEIRA, Tania Carolina Viana de
This article is about the experience of a group of women in the commercialization of gathered wild fruits through the governmental Food Purchase Program (PAA) in the Brazilian State of Sergipe. The analytical framework is associated to the debate on poverty and specific public policies for traditional communities in rural areas. The women hold a collective identity as the mangaba gatherers, based on their use of common pool resources with low environmental impact. They mobilize themselves through the MCM – Movimento das Catadoras de Mangaba, Mangaba Gatherer Women´s Movement. Although they have recently been recognized as having specific legal rights, they are experiencing the dwindling of the resources they gather, as well as difficulties in commercialization of the fruits due to their seasonality and the unpredictability of access. The research was carried out between 2008 and 2011 and involved direct and participant observations and open-ended interviews. The main results show that the PAA has contributed to increased income, consumption and self-esteem. There was a re-arrangement in their way of participating in the program, meanwhile some of their traditional practices were relegated. The program rules were re-signified and adapted locally. While growing solidarity has been observed among the gatherers, competition for the fruits has also increased.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Considerações sobre a pobreza no Brasil e suas manifestações nas cidades da Amazônia
(2006) CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; NEGRÃO, Marcília Regina Gama
This paper offers information about poverty to non-specialists, contextualising its manifestations on Brazilian and particularly on Amazonian cities, under economic liberalism. Its first section discusses different approaches to poverty, according to developing countries perspectives. Afterwards structural causes to poverty in Brazil and evolution of official understanding to the problem are presented. These are followed by liberal policies to fight poverty recommended by World Bank, and their impacts on public policies inherited from Welfare State, and by the information related to recent approaches of Brazilian government to the problem. At last, liberal strategies applied to cities during the last decades are presented, highlighting their echoes on Amazonian cities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desastres naturais e pobreza absoluta na Amazônia: uma análise quantitativa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-11) NINA, Alex Santiago; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The Amazon is one of the poorest Brazilian regions and, in recent years, it has been hit by intense natural disasters. In this sense, this Ph.D. thesis aims to analyze how the occurrence of natural disasters affects the variation of absolute poverty in the Amazon between 2000 and 2010. The beginning and the end of this period coincide with the latest measurements of data reduction from demographic data, while in this interval, three major natural disaster events hit in the Amazon: the dry of 2005 and 2010 and the floods of 2009. Numerous studies, in international literature, point out that natural disasters affect the poor more severely than the rich and tend to maintain or increase levels of poverty in the regions where they occur. Based on these surveys, the following hypothesis was raised: “absolute poverty, both in terms of percentage and intensity, increased or decreased less in the Amazonian municipalities most frequently affected by natural disasters”. To test this hypothesis, a regression model was elaborated, which includes indicators of absolute poverty as a dependent variable and, as explanatory variables, indicators of natural disasters, economic growth and public assistance policies. The results showed that absolute poverty was accentuated in the municipalities most affected by natural disasters, but while droughts and gradual floods affected the percentage of poor, sudden floods decreased the income of the poor.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenho ideológico do BID: modelo de gestão no Promaben em Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-06) SANTANA, Joana Valente
This article discusses the administrative model for cities promoted by the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) for Latin America and the Caribbean, using as an example the Sanitation Program for the Estrada Nova watershed (Promaben), in the municipality of Belém, in Pará State. Based on Marxist social theory, IADB documents available on line related to projects approved by the bank in 26 Latin American and Caribbean countries from 1960 - 2011 were studied. The paper indicates the construction of an ideological design by IADB, related to the issues of financing, poverty and the environment. It reviews studies about ideology and the administrative model for cities and compares the IADB's stated objectives with the projects approved in Latin America and the Caribbean. It analyzes the resources destined to Promaben and reflects that under the appearance of decreasing poverty and attention to the environment, the IADB gives priority to physical infrastructure projects for cities and economic projects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desigualdade de renda, desemprego e pobreza nas regiões metropolitanas do Brasil: uma perspectiva heterodoxa
(Associação Keynesiana Brasileira, 2019) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira; RODRIGUES, Phelipe da Silva
The present paper aims to deal with the theoretical and empirical view of the evolution of income inequality, unemployment and poverty in the Brazilian metropolitan regions from 2001 to 2011. For this purpose, it is necessary to recover the theoretical framework from the theories of John Maynard Keynes and even Hyman Philip Minsky. The main conclusion is that the social diagnosis, during this period, showed an impressive reduction in income inequality and poverty. In this way, it can be seen that the reduction of income inequalities are extremely important parameters for the expansion of the national domestic market. On the other hand, family income transfer programs, such as “Bolsa Família”, have contributed to the reduction of absolute poverty. Last, but not least, the results obtained through social indicators could attest to this fact.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Infância e pobreza: as crianças ao cuidado do cinema
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-06) DOMINGOS, Susana Isabel Marcelino Guerra
Prejudice against poverty, and especially child poverty, built on heavy class stereotypes, carries a series of associated negative images and representations. Too often associated with wandering and delinquency, poor childhood is seen as a threat to society, and it is an uncomfortable object to look at because it gives visibility to a disturbing side of our social reality. This paper proposes that we focus on the way in which childhood in an exception state was represented by cinema. From Luis Buñuel's “Os Esquecidos” and François Truffaut's “Os Incompreendidos”, we will try to understand how child poverty is given to us, while questioning the role of cinema in the exercise of resistance against the phenomenon of invisibility of poverty, as well as the range and limits of our reaction to the images we project
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Juventude, escola e pobreza: o caso do município de Abaetetuba, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-23) GONÇALVES, Alessandra Sagica; SILVA, Marilena Loureiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7261982145077537
This dissertation addresses the theme education and poverty. This dissertation departed the following question: the public school recognizes and incorporates the poverty dimension in the human formation of youth in high school? Features aimed to investigate if public school recognizes and incorporates the poverty dimension in the human formation of youth in high school. From the methodological point of view, we used the approach of qualitative research, case study, subsidized by the technique of semi-structured interview. In relation to the participants – 10 day school learners, educators, 10 1 school Director, 1 Deputy Director of school, pedagogical coordinators 2-analyses were configured by the technique of content analysis. The research data, collected in a public school, are analyzed in the perceptions of the school management team, educators and students to verify the possible implications in dealing with the issue of poverty in educational practices and curriculum teaching middle school. What requires first identifying the design of poverty understood by school, taking into account the following indicators: the existence or not of a thematic discussion at school, through the Political-pedagogic Project (PPP), school curriculum and practice educational.With respect to the hypothesis, the results showed that the component of the poverty and the experiences of poverty has not received due attention in the human formation of the high school youths, because there is still the school investigated the Organization of work teaching to recognize and incorporate poverty in the training of students.These results revealed that the school recognizes that poverty exists in society and realizes that many of his students are in experiences of poverty, because many students participating in the Family allowance program are accessing to school, but there's still the incorporation of poverty in the PPP, in the school curriculum and in some specific project to work the production of poverty, the negative views and moralizantes about the poor constantly spun by the media with educandas high school youths.The results indicate that the educational activities that take place in the action of educators to recognize and incorporate poverty albeit skewed are related to poverty as motivation for schooling, the recognition of the difficulties (basic skills), even when there is success in studies; Cartographic analysis on geography, photos and videos and the incorporation of narratives that bring the poor as protagonists.Portuguese Language disciplines, Art, History, Geography, Philosophy, Sociology, Biology, Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, are not linked to issues that are part of the everyday life of these students, the local poverty and even more of the experiences of poverty of the learners in, is it compatible in terms of educational content.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O mito da inclusão produtiva: o discurso ideológico de cidadania, inclusão social e crescimento econômico do estado brasileiro de FHC à Dilma
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-07-31) ELOI, Núbia Machado; SANTANA, Joana Valente; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1192736573759096
This master’s degree dissertation presents as the main goal to analyse which is the productive inclusion conception. It’s distinguished because of strength work qualification action. These actions increased and became more frequently during Lula’s Government, in 2003, and were handed by Combat Against Hungriness, Social and Development Ministery, as a contracditory assay of economics development and combat against the poorness in Brazil. Concern to our specific aims, we try to analyse in which moment the productive inclusion begins being spread by Brazilian Federal Government; we also investigated official documents of Brazilian Government as well as those of International Institutions that are related to the term productive inclusion. We also analysed official documents in order to understand which concepts of productive inclusion the ministry takes. Our methodological treatment with our study object was done through qualitative approach, guided by documental and bibliographic research. So, we tried to understand productive inclusion conception by analyzing 13 (thirteen) documents as well as electronic information at the web sites of institutions like MTE, CEPAL and MDS. The results of our research allow us to conclude that productive inclusion handed by PT (Workers Party) government (Lula Silva and Dilma Rousseff) is supported by an ideological speech of citizenship, social inclusion, economics growing, leadership, development of attributes that take part on the role of professional education and qualification that insert poor people in the job market. So, we conclude that these conceptions and terms are able to hide structural unemployment, work’s exploration, social differences. At the same time these conceptions raise, through the insert of this population in the capital’s world, the acceptance their general position into this society: the superpopulation that capitalism accumulation needs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pobreza na Região Metropolitana de Belém sob os enfoques teóricos das capacidades e do espaço social
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-16) BRASIL, Marília Carvalho; FERNANDES, Danilo Araújo; SANTOS, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3685339264701382
The general objective of this study is to study the relationships between poverty and social structure from monetary and multidimensional perspectives for the Metropolitan Region of Belém in the period 2000 to 2010. The main data sources used were microdata from the 2000 and 2010 Demographic Censuses. In the multidimensional analysis, the multidimensional poverty indexes (MPI) were constructed based on the Alkire-Foster method (2007, 2009). The typology developed by the Observatory of Metropolises, which adopts the Bourdieusian perspective, was used to analyze the social structure. In the first decade of the 21st century, there was a significant reduction in the proportion of poor people in the RMB from an income perspective. This trend was observed both for the RMB as a whole and for all metropolitan municipalities. The decline in monetary poverty indicators in the RMB followed the national trend that occurred in the 2000s as a consequence of economic conditions and public policies. By adopting multidimensionality in poverty analysis, it is possible to perceive the heterogeneity that exists in the areas studied, as advocated by Amartya Sen. Comparing the indicators of the two approaches, the results point to higher levels of poverty captured by the multidimensional perspective, when compared to the monetary perspective. This situation occurs for all levels of aggregation: regional, municipal and weighted area. The results of multidimensional poverty indicate that there was a small increase in the proportion of poor people in the RMB as a whole. The levels of multidimensional poverty presented were very high in comparison with the national averages in the period 2000/2010. The public policies that contributed to removing the condition of multidimensional poverty from a significant portion of the national population do not seem to have presented the same results for the RMB. Regarding the social structure of the RMB, it is clear that there is a progressive increase in the population classified as deprived as one advances in the social structure when considering the various indicators that make up the MPI (incidence, intensity and MPI). The population at the top of the social pyramid considered poor is significantly smaller than that at the base. As in the analysis of regional and municipal aggregates, the dimensions that acted to intensify the deprivations of the population residing in the RMB were education and standard of living.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pobreza, privação e transferência de renda na várzea amazônica: um estudo de caso para Sirituba em Abaetetuba, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-10) LEITE, Lorena Von Paumgartten; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
Poverty is a multidimensional problem that can be translated in terms of deprivation and lack of basic skills. The multidimensional indexes allow accurate analysis of quality of life related to poverty, considering some important dimensions and represent a major breakthrough on the issue of development planning. The overall objective of this research was to examine the deprivations faced by families in the community Sirituba Abaetetuba / PA, according to the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) dimensions and indicators of the and analyze the impact of cash transfers on household durables of families. The analysis in families receiving and not receiving cash transfers showed that the two have the same amount of household durables. The analysis of IPM adapted to Sirituba found that some families suffer hardship due to low education of heads of families, lack of access to safe drinking water, lack of sanitation and rustic kitchens method. There was also a trend of improvement in the Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM) Abaetetuba. The municipality has developed the range of "very low human development" to "medium human development". And it represents an evolution in education indicators, longevity and income. However, it is known that urban area Abaetetuba does not present the same public services in a rural area as Sirituba. The 2000 Census and 2010 provide data for these areas demonstrating that the services of electricity and water supply provided in rural areas are less available compared to urban area Abaetetuba.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Resiliência em Famílias de baixa renda: percepções de professores e familiares
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-28) MATOS, Larissa Araújo; SILVA, Simone Souza da Costa e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9044423720257634
The purpose of this dissertation was to understand family resilience from two points of view. The first one regarding the perception of teachers about the possibilities of resilience in the their students in situations of social vulnerability and the second under the vision of a family member on the characteristics of resilience in their respective family groups. For this, two qualitative exploratory studies. Study I was conducted with the teachers and had the understanding teachers' perceptions of resilience in poor families. Participants in the study were eleven teachers from 1st to 5th grade who answered an interview semi-structured, whose script consisted of questions of characterization and others that allowed reveal the teachers' perceptions about the families of their students and a press conference that had as objective to obtain information about the professionals' perception about family resilience. Data were collected and categorized based on the literature on family resilience and content being implemented with the help of Nvivo version 10 software. teachers identified the elements of family resilience, however, perceived these aspects in the families of their students, therefore they tend to have a negative perception and pessimistic about the possibilities of success and resilience in these groups. In study II 16 mothers and / or guardians of children from 1st to 5th year of school who participated in answered a sociodemographic instrument, and participated in a press conference, with the objective of identifying how families react to situations of problem and with who can count. The data were collected and categorized based on the literature family resilience and content analysis and operationalized with software New version 10. The data showed that families are exposed to some situations threatening development. However, despite the risks associated with poverty, protective intrafamilial factors, which gave rise to development benefits of younger generations. These two studies are interconnected in their objectives and results since these two studies are complementary in their objectives and in the implications of results. Some aspects have drawn attention to and interrelated studies. O first is that parents and / or guardians identify as '' content '' professionals, that is, they see these teachers as only one source of doubts about their children's homework, this figure is related to the low school attendance. Another aspect that the present study brings is the negative view that the school has that families do not value education and study II points out that the 16 demonstrated that they value and believe that through education the future of their children will be better, however, although the participants demonstrate the positive value they give for education they do not believe in the possibility of their children becoming professionals, but are satisfied that they have an occupation and do not necessarily rise socially. Therefore, through these studies, it is possible to plan actions that establish bridges between these two microsystems, or communication channels between the family and the school so that teachers have access to the positive aspects of the functioning of the poor families they serve and, on their families to be able to identify teachers as important support network. It is suggested that other research on family resilience be carried out in order to know how the beliefs of professionals working with families influence their professional practices with these subjects and how families in situations of real adversity. In addition, future research may contribute to the study of family resilience by identifying the role of the school, in particular, of teachers in the strategies of coping with the adversities experienced by the families poor.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Resiliência familiar: o olhar de professores sobre famílias pobres
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12) MATOS, Larissa Araújo; CRUZ, Edson Júnior Silva da; SANTOS, Thamyris Maués dos; SILVA, Simone Souza da Costa
This research aims to describe the professor’s perspective about family resilience of their student’s family. The data collect phase took place in a public school, located in the outskirts of Belém-Pará city. Eleven professors who teaches from the first to the fifth year participated answering a semi-structured interview and speaking their opinions in a group interview dynamic. The data categorization was made accordingly to Bardin [Análise de conteúdo (2011)] and through the software Nvivo 10 version. The results showed that teachers understand the familiar resilience elements but they underestimate those elements in the school’s family; tend to have a negative and pessimist perception about the success possibilities and resilience in those groups; have a stereotyped vision of family; a stigmatized perspective about poverty and about the social benefits those family have access.