Navegando por Assunto "Pobreza rural"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Direito de propriedade e justiça distributiva no Brasil: ampliação das capacidades como forma de combater a pobreza rural
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) SÁ, João Daniel Macedo; TRECCANI, Girolamo Domenico; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4319696853704535
This work discusses property rights relations from the modern notion of distributive justice. It analyzes the extent to which rural private property constitutionally defined favors a notion of distributive justice compatible with the foundations of the democratic State based on the rule of law. It is based on egalitarian liberal thinking of John Rawls, to defend the role of justice in preserving the freedom of the individual, while considering that the value of dignity implies equal access to political, social, and, to some extent, of economic goods, that should be ensured mainly by the state. It is argued that in a just society, everyone should receive equal share of the benefits that society provides and of the costs that it requires. Supporting this idea, it is also based on Amartya Sen thoughts to argue that property right is intrinsically important, but also instrumentally valuable to enable individuals to achieve development. Further, the thesis argues that the classical liberal notion of property-liberty, which generates the absolute and exclusive power over the thing, and the social notion of property-duty, based on social function, converges on the notion of property-capacity, whose focus is on promoting real freedom of choice for individuals. The work will demonstrate that the State must, in order to fight rural poverty, and for the sake of justice, ensure more equitable access to ownership rights of rural lands in the country. It presents, based on government statistics, a criticism to rural development policies for not giving the correct approach for individuals to obtain the set of capabilities and functioning’s associated with the minimum conditions for a worthy life. The land issue is directly linked to income and wealth, but poverty has multiple dimensions that prevent the exercise of basic capabilities, putting people in situations of extreme hardship and deprivation. Public policies should seek the expansion of human capabilities, and if the right to property integrates this list of capabilities, then it must be guaranteed to all.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Relações entre educação e pobreza na Amazônia Paraense: um estudo sobre o Programa Social Bolsa Família na Ilha do Marajó – Município de Melgaço
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) FURTADO, Aline da Paixão; SILVA, Marilena Loureiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7261982145077537
The present study analyzes the conception of development that the social program Bolsa Família establishes with education and that perspective of social transformation is verified from the insertion of this, in the reality of the Municipality of Melgaço that is located in the Archipelago of Islands of the Marajó, distant 250 km straight from Belém, this municipality has the specificity of the lowest HDI title in Brazil, 0.418, the lowest of the 5,565 cities surveyed. The research is characterized by its hybrid qualitative approach and as the main instrument of data collection was used the semi-structured interview, whose data were treated in light of the thematic content analysis. The research is made up of bibliographical sources, books, legislation, articles, documents and an on-site visit with testimony from the scholarship holders of the Program, representatives of the Department of Education, School Directors and Teachers. Based on the analysis of the collected data, the program was positively evaluated in the minimization of poverty and extreme poverty, in the condition of income generation that the Program provides to the said municipality, in the importance of allowing students access and permanence in the Because of the conditionalities in the Program, but according to parents and teachers, it is a guarantee that the children will have more education and will not continue in the "family-based" poverty cycle. The guarantee of such income directly guarantees the permanence of the child / adolescent in school, since the transfer of direct income provided by the government is one of the municipality's survival guarantees. According to data from the Transparency Portal for the year 2015, which awaits updating, the Municipality of Melgaço received 38,569 payments from Bolsa Família, totaling R $ 10,685,079.00 in reais, which may mean that poorer municipalities receive more resources from Bolsa Família than the tax transfer.