Navegando por Assunto "Positivismo"

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A ciência do governar: positivismo, evolucionismo e natureza em Lauro Sodré
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) COELHO, Alan Watrin; FIGUEIREDO, Aldrin Moura de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4671233730699231
The journalistic polemic that, in 1881, involved the then lieutenant Lauro Sodré, bishop D. Macedo Costa and catholic newspaper A Boa Nova occurred in a moment in which the factors that provoked the future deterioration of the Brazilian Empire were already present in Brazilian society. In this work, we aimed at studying the confrontation as a discursive representation of an ideological clash in the social and intellectual aspects of Brazil in the late years of the XIX century: concerning Lauro Sodré, science and progress, appointed as fundamental instruments to the Republic; concerning A Boa Nova, faith and religion, considered essential instruments to the Monarchy. According to the philosophical-historical perspective of positivism, such questions were basic to the process of social evolution, including its political aspects. It shall be also noted that, in the masterpiece of evolutionist theory, Charles Darwin‟s On the origin of species by means of natural selection (1859), historical movement is decisively subordinated to natural laws and is, therefore, inserted in the broader process of evolution of the Universe. Evolution is effectively considered not as a simple movement, but as an improvement, a progress. To the positivist eyes of Lauro Sodré, the idea of a Monarchy connected to the survival of the conception of divine origin of Power appeared as a valid representation of the non-epistemological states of Humanity: the Metaphysical and the Theological ones; on the other hand, the Republic appeared as the only form of government “compatible with human dignity”. Projecting this polemic on the Brazilian mental realities of that time, we obtain, ultimately, the revelation of one of the components of the nature and forms that the complex relations between philosophical thought and hegemonic political object acquired in the movement of the ideas in Brazil towards the end of the XIX century.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Educação e sociedade: um olhar sobre a obra pedagógica de Durkheim
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08) NASCIMENTO, Afonso Welliton de Sousa; RIBEIRO, Edinéa Bandeira
The article reflects on the pedagogical thinking of Durkheim. Initially, a foray into the context of the formation of modern society highlighting the utopian character of the construction of human knowledge referencing the philosophical and educational thought of Kant and Bacon, as builders of scientific illustration of the Enlightenment. Then walks in the dual influence of European revolution, which led to important aspects in the thinking of subsequent authors of the XIX century. Reflects the thinking of Comte and its theoretical foundation to Durkheimian concepts, focusing on evolutionary and positivist character of his philosophy. Finally, it analyzes the concepts of functionalist thought of Durkheim, sociological and educational aspects and its influence on current educational theories.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A gênese do culturalismo jurídico : a recepção crítica do positivismo pela escola do Recife – de Tobias Barreto a Miguel Reale
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-30) PAES, Alberto de Moraes Papaléo; COSTA, Paulo Sérgio Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4135075517359609
This research has as main objective to understand how the critical reception of Legal Positivism carried out by Recife’s School generated the legal-philosophical bases that overcame Legal Culturalism, and demarcated the genesis of the Brazilian legal identity. The work chose the following Guiding Questions: a) What sense will be used to understand the meaning of Legal Positivism? b) What can be understood by Recife’s School? c) What are the philosophical and legal bases that influence the creation of Legal Culturalism? d) What is Tobias Barreto de Menezes' thesis about Culturalism? e) What is Miguel Reale's thesis about Culturalism? We will start from three basic hypotheses: a) Legal Positivism, as stated by Morrison (2006), constitutes a number of orientations designed to understand Law as a knowable phenomenon based on data and scientific readings in modern times. Thus, our first hypothesis is that one of these guidelines, fractionated, contaminated by later interpretations, is the guidance that arrives in Brazil in response to Spirtual Eclecticism and Portuguese Natural Law, wich will mediate legal criticism in Brazil; b) Antônio Paim (1999) asserts that the Recife School constitutes the first major critical and innovative movement within Brazilian thought, with many authors conceptualizing it as an “outbreak of new ideas”, the death of metaphysics in Slyvio Romero's, Germanism in Tobias Barreto, that is, an ideal scenario for the flourishing of a philosophical-legal identity. Our second hypothesis is that the answer to the problems with the reception of Positivism in Brazil is the development of the Legal Culturalism thesis, finally; c) Tobias Barreto de Menezes is one of the exponents of Legal Culturalism, establishing the philosophical-legal premises of this theory. This tradition will be studied by several authors from Recife’s School and is continued in the following century with the fruitful contribution of Miguel Reale. Our third hypothesis is that in this debate, covered by current questions about the theory of law, lies the genesis of the Brazilian legal identity.