Navegando por Assunto "Potencial Cortical Provocado Visual (VECP)"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da adaptação ao flicker de luminância sobre o potencial cortical provocado visual
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-20) LOUREIRO, Terezinha Medeiros Gonçalves de; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718
Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) has been a useful method to evaluate spatial vision in humans. Sustained observation of a visual stimulus produces several changes in neural responses at different processing levels in visual system. Previous studies has elucidated how primary visual cortex processing spatial information. Many others studies has also suggested about the contribution of parallel pathways M and P activation on the visual cortical responses evoked by a stimuli that excite only one of these pathways. Cortical excitation through a kind of stimulus that promotes one or both preferential adaptation could be a valuable approach to study activity from M and P pathways interactions on the visual responses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of luminance flicker adaptation on cortical responses elicited under favorable conditions of joint or differential M and P pathways activation, leading to an increase or decrease cortical responses. Eight subjects (20.25 ± 1.5) with normal vision acuity or corrected to 20/20 were tested. VEPs were recorded under three conditions of visual stimulation with no adaptation: sinusoidal gratings at 0.4, 2 and 10cpd presented at 1 Hz pattern-reversal stimulus (test stimuli). Other conditions was elicited by two-dimensional Gaussian mask adaptation stimulus with luminance variation in time domain (flicker) presented at 5 Hz, 10 Hz and 30 Hz temporal modulation. The experiment consisted on VEPs records above occipital scalp elicited by 8 seconds of adaptation stimulus followed by 2 seconds test stimuli. Cortical responses were evaluated in the time and temporal frequencies domain. In the time domain were measured latency and the P1 component amplitude (peak-line), while in the temporal frequency domain were evaluated amplitudes of alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands present in the in the records. VEPs elicited by the test stimuli were compared between flicker adaptation and no adaptation conditions. Main findings consisted on flicker adaptation that occurred differently at spatial frequencies domain. Results showed P1 component in all stimulation conditions and flicker adaptation at lower spatial frequency (0.4 cpd) in all time conditions. It has also showed a reduction at alpha band energy and an increase in the gamma band at same condition. This study concluded that flicker adaptation led to VEP amplitude decreased due to loss of alpha oscillations energy and gamma band energy increased at 0.4 cpd, and it represented a modification on the balance between M and P visual pathways.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Potencial cortical provocado visual gerado por estímulos pseudoisocromáticos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10-11) SALOMÃO, Railson Cruz; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718
Visual evoked cortical potentials (VECP) are useful the investigation of color vision mechanisms and color vision dysfunctions. Chromatic sinusoidal gratings are generally used to elicit VECP, but they require long psychophysical measurements to match the perceptual brightness between their stripes. An alternative is to replace them by pseudoisochromatic stimuli which make use of luminance noise to mask brightness clues and force the target perception to be dependent of chromatic contrast. In this work, we compared VECPs generated by sinusoidal and pseudoisochromatic gratings. This research was approved by the Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Protocol #570434. Seven normal trichromats were tested with chromatic sinusoidal gratings and illusory gratings provided by the pseudoisochromatic design of 0.33, 0.66, 1, 1.33, 1.66, and 2 cpd, presented in pattern reversal (1 Hz) and pattern onset (300 ms) – offset (700 ms) modes. The signals were recorded using surface electrodes, amplified x30,000, digitized at 1 kHz, and filtered between 0.1-100 Hz. Pattern reversal VECPs elicited by pseudoisochromatic gratings had similar amplitude and latency compared to those elicited by sinusoidal gratings. Onsetoffset VECPs elicited by sinusoidal gratings had larger amplitude and shorter latency than those obtained with pseudoisochromatic stimuli. Different visual mechanisms are responsible for the cortical responses evoked by illusory stimuli when presented in different stimulation modes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Potencial cortical provocado visual pseudoaleatório gerado por estímulos compostos: efeito do modo de apresentação e do tempo de adaptação da resposta
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-28) RISUENHO, Bárbara Begot Oliveira; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718
Conventional pattern-reversal visual evoked cortical potential (VECP) shows positivity for luminance and chromatic equiluminant stimuli while conventional pattern-onset VECP shows positivity for luminance pattern-onset and negativity for chromatic pattern-onset. We evaluated how the presentation mode affects VECPs elicited by luminance and compound (luminance plus chromatic) pseudo-random stimulation. Eleven normal trichromats and 17 red-green color-blinds were studied. Pattern-reversal and pattern-onset luminance and compound (luminance plus red-green) gratings were temporally modulated by m-sequence. We used a cross-correlation routine to extract the first order kernel (K1) and the first and second slices of the second order kernel (K2.1 and K2.2, respectively) from the VECP response. We integrated the amplitude of VECP components as a function of time in order to estimate its magnitude for each stimulus condition. We also used a normalized cross-correlation method in order to test the similarity of the VECP components. In order to assess how the interection time afects the VECP’s amplitude we calculate de root mean square (RMS) amplitude into differents time windows and correlated it with the response time interval relative to the sencond order kernel slice avaliated. The VECP components varied with the presentation mode and the presence of red-green contrast in the stimuli. In trichromats, for compound conditions, pattern-onset K1, K2.1, and K2.2, and pattern-reversal K2.1 and K2.2 had negative-dominated waveforms at 100 ms. Small negativity or small positivity were observed in dichromats. Trichromats had larger VECP magnitude than color-blinds for compound pattern-onset K1 (with large variability across subjects), compound pattern-onset and pattern-reversal K2.1, and compound pattern-reversal K2.2. Trichromats and color-blinds had similar VECP amplitude for compound pattern-reversal K1 and compound pattern-onset K2.2, as well as for all luminance conditions. The cross-correlation analysis showed high similarity between waveforms of compound pattern-onset K2.1 and pattern-reversal K2.2 as well as pattern-reversal K2.1 and K2.2. The amplitude of VECP was smaller as higher was the response time interval. We suggest that compound pattern-reversal K2.1 is an appropriate response to study red-green color-opponent activity.