Navegando por Assunto "Processamento de imagens"

Agora exibindo 1 - 14 de 14

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uma abordagem híbrida e semiautomática para estimativa de regiões cobertas por nuvens e sombras em imagens de satélite: análise e avaliação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-31) SOUSA, Danilo Frazão; PELAES, Evaldo Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0255430734381362
The main goals of this work are to propose a more automatic and efficient algorithm to replace regions of clouds and shadows in satellite images as well as an index of reliability that is previously applied to each image, in order to measure the feasibility of the estimation of the regions covered by atmospheric components using that algorithm. The motivation comes from the problems caused by these atmospheric elements, among them: to impede the identification of objects of the image, to make the urban and environmental monitoring more difficult, and to interfere in crucial stages of digital image processing to extract information for the user, such as segmentation and classification. Through a hybrid approach is proposed a method for decomposing regions using a median non-linear low-pass filter, in order to map the regions of structure (homogeneous) and texture (heterogeneous) in the image. In these areas was applied restoration methods Inpainting by Smoothing based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and Exemplar-Based Texture Synthesis, respectively. It's important to note that the techniques have been modified to be able to work with images obtained through of satellite sensors with peculiar features such as large size and/or high spectral variation. Regarding to the reliability index, it aims to analyze the image that contains atmospheric interference and hence estimate how much reliable will be the redefinition, based on the percentage of cloud cover over the regions of texture and structure. This index is composed by combining the result of supervised and unsupervised algorithms involving three metrics: Average of Accuracy Global, Measure Of Structural Similarity (SSIM) and Average of Pixels Confidence. Finally, it was verified the effectiveness of these methods through a quantitative assessment (provided by the index) and qualitative (the images resulting from processing), showing the possible application of the techniques to solve the problems that motivated this work.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação de dados multisensor (SAR e ETM+) no reconhecimento de padrões de uso e ocupação do solo em costas tropicais: Costa Amazônica, Amapá, Brasil
(2009) SANTOS, Valdenira Ferreira dos; POLIDORI, Laurent; SILVEIRA, Odete Fátima Machado da; FIGUEIREDO JÚNIOR, Alberto Garcia de
Environmental studies require information on land use and land cover. This paper presents the applicability of multi-sensor satellite data (optical and radar) for land use and land cover on the Amapá coastal plain for mapping and recognition of natural and anthropogenic dynamics. This area is influenced by the Amazon River, by tides (tidal bore) and by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Anthropogenic processes are associated with water buffalo ranching. The environmental information was acquired from previous data and field observation and was correlated with remote sensing data (JERS-1, RADARSAT-1, image from ETM+ sensor from Landsat 7 and DEM SRTM), digitally processed for multi-sensor, multi-scale and multi-date approach. Eight patterns of land use and land cover were identified (mangrove, "várzea" forest, arbustive vegetation area, freshwater marsh, anthropic field, intertidal plain, estuarine channel and lakes) as well with indication of natural and anthropogenic geomorphic features. The results from the evaluation of remote sensing data and the techniques applied demonstrated the potential of the remote sensing tool for studying environments in highly dynamic tropical coastal areas of difficult access. However, these tools may present some limitations once applied to application to the Amazon coast, which is a region under strong dynamic natural and anthropogenic processes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Costa de manguezais de macromaré da Amazônia: cenários morfológicos, mapeamento e quantificação de áreas usando dados de sensores remotos
(2005-12) SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e
De acordo com o Atlas de Manguezais, este ecossistema representa 8% de toda a linha de costa do planeta e um quarto da linha de costa da zona tropical, perfazendo um total de 181.077 km2. Este trabalho objetiva quantificar a extensão dos manguezais de macromaré da costa nordeste do Pará e noroeste do Maranhão, aqui denominada de Costa de Manguezais de Macromaré da Amazônia (CMMA). O reconhecimento das áreas de manguezais e sua quantificação foram realizados a partir da utilização de imagens Landsat-7 ETM+, adquiridas em 1999 e 2000 e de um sistema de informações geográficas (SIG). A integração dos dados de sensores remotos, dados geológicos e oceanográficos permitiu o reconhecimento de cinco setores geomorfológicos, que abrangem uma superfície total de 7.591 km2 de manguezais. Esta área representa a maior faixa de manguezais contínuos do planeta e corresponde a 56,6% dos manguezais do Brasil. Medidas prioritárias de conservação dos manguezais da Amazônia devem ser tomadas e pesquisas que busquem a melhor compreensão deste complexo e importante ecossistema devem ser financiadas e desenvolvidas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Environmental sensitivity index (ESI) mapping of oil spill in the amazon coastal zone: the PIATAM Mar project
(2009) SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; PROST, Maria Thereza Ribeiro da Costa; MIRANDA, Fernando Pellon de; SALES, Maria Emília Cruz; BORGES, Heloisa Vargas; COSTA, Francisco Ribeiro da; ALMEIDA, Edson Faria de; NASCIMENTO JUNIOR, Wilson da Rocha
The importance of environmental monitoring is clear from the many oil spills that have occurred over the past three decades. This has encouraged both companies and the public sector involved in the prevention and response to these accidents to develop efficient procedures to minimize the damage caused by accidents involving oil spill. This study reviews the history of oil spill accidents in Brazil and examines how these events have contributed to the development of technological research through partnerships involving oil companies, government, universities and research institutes, with the emphasis on the Amazon coastal zone. As a result, environmental sensitivity indexes (ESIs) for oil spill have been developed specifically for the Amazon coast, where fluvial and marine processes take place in the estuary of the world's largest river system. Perspectives on research and emergency response procedures are presented, with the primary objective of conserving the social-environmental diversity of the planet's most important tropical region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estimativa de porosidade em lâminas petrográficas através da morfologia matemática binária
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-02) CASTELO, Fernando Walleson Louzada; ANDRADE, André José Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8388930487104926
Oil exploration in offshore basins needs for drilling boreholes with high angle and horizontal wells, aimed at optimizing the number of exploration targets hit by a single platform. In these cases, it is technically impossible to carry out the coring operations, which prevents core analysis for direct measurement of porosity. In some situations in formation evaluation the geological knowledge of the area may help when there is low confidence in the porosity values. For the semi-submerged basins, the lateral continuity of geologic layers may allow sampling of outcrops in the immersed part of the basin. In the case of offshore basins, may be collected hand samples in outcrops of analogous formations. A relatively common problem in a petrophysical laboratory is the extraction of plugs adapted to the measuring equipment, directly from rock samples collected from outcrops. On the other hand, for this type of rock sample is trivial to obtain thin sections. The objective of this work is to estimate porosity directly on the petrographic images using the image processing method, known as mathematical morphology, which aims to describe quantitatively the geometric structures (forms) in this image.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo das feições lineares observadas em dados aeromagnéticos da Bacia do Solimões a partir de imagens digitais de sombreamento do relevo anômalo total
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1991-11-25) AFFONSO, Alexandre de Oliveira; O'BRIEN, Douglas Patrick
The Solimões Basin is a magnetically complex basin characterized by a superposition of different linear magnetic anomalies. These anomalies reflect the different tectonic episodes that have occured in the Amazon Region during the Precambriam and Phanerozoic. In this work, a shaded relief method of digital image processing was applied to the aeromagnetic data from the Solimões Basin. The characteristics of this method, which allow its use as a strike enhancement filter, clarified important aspects of the relationships between magnetic lineations oriented E—W, NE—SW, e NW—SE. A magnetic lineation pattern was identified which reflects the presence of dextral strike-slip fault zones that have a preferential orientation in the E—W direction. The interaction between these systems promoted the development of a convergent stress regime which caused the formation of reversel faults associated with E—W and NE—SW magnetic lineaments; together with directional duplexes, forming positive and negative flower structures associated with N70-80E and N70-80W magnetic lineaments. A parallel quantitative analysis was also performed on the aeromagnetic data which attempts to quantify two importants aspects of these linear magnetic anomalies shown on the digital images. The first analysis was based on a forward modeling of the aeromagnetic data using a superposition of two-dimensional prismatic bodies. It is shown that these magnetic linear features can be explained by the superposition of highly magnetized basement sources and higher frequency shallow sources associated with reverse faulting of diabase sill's present in the Paleozoic sediments of the Basin. The second analysis, which was based on cross-covariance methods, calculated the offsets present in the NE—SW magnetic lineaments along dextral E—W directions. This analysis supports the explanation that the magnetic pattern from this region can be explained by means of lateral offsets presumably along pre-existing zones of weakness (Precambrian, Paleozoic), during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do comportamento das feições lineares observado em dados aeromagnéticos da Bacia do Paraná
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1990-12-28) MACHADO, Sérgio Augusto Moraes; O'BRIEN, Douglas Patrick
The digital image processing of aeromagnetic data has proved to be an excellent method of interpretation. This technique is referred to as the shaded relief method. The method was applied to aeromagnetic data, over part of the Parana Basin, to enhance the lineaments that are not clearly seen on the original magnetic-anomaly maps. To support our studies, we have used LANDSAT images, as many lineaments encountered in he basin are non-magnetic. This integration allowed definition of two dominant directions for the lineaments: N40° — 60°W and N40° — 65°E. With the definition of this pattern, we obtained some information about the geological trends and, hence, an idea about tectonic evolution of the basin. We also developed a procedure to compute the total magnetization vector of the principal lineament of the basin wich showed five different inclinations of the magnetization vector. These inclinations are explained by a superposition of induced magnetization effects, field reversal effects, and effects of anisotropic magnetization caused by demagnetization within the dikes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fusão de dados multisensor para a identificação e o mapeamento de ambientes flúvio-estuarinos da Amazônia
(2009) GONÇALVES, Fabrício Dias; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; PARADELLA, Waldir Renato; MIRANDA, Fernando Pellon de
Multisensor data fusion has been widely used in response to complementary nature of many data sets. This paper compares the results of four different data fusion methods used to merge Landsat-7 ETM+ and RADARSAT-1 Wide 1 data. The comparison was based on spectral characteristics of images using statistical and visual analyses of generated products. Four methods were used in the Landsat-7 ETM+ and RADARSAT-1 W1 data fusion: i) The best three bands combination(Landsat-7) based OIF (Optimum Index Factor) selection were merged with RADARSAT-1 data; ii) Decorrelation stretch was applied in the three bands (Landsat-7) selected by OIF and merged with RADARSAT-1 image; iii) PCA (Principal Component Analysis) to six reflective ETM+ bands (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7) and posterior fusion of the three first Principal Components (PC1, PC2, PC3) with SAR; iv) A new approach SPC-SAR (Selective Principal Component - Synthetic Aperture Radar). The SPC-SAR product presented the best performance in the identification of coastal features and allowed the most effective enhancement of the different environments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mapeamento de ambientes costeiros tropicais (Golfão Maranhense, Brasil) utilizando imagens de sensores remotos orbitais
(2009) TEIXEIRA, Sheila Gatinho; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e
This paper presents the results of coastal environmental mapping of Golfão Maranhense, Brazil, using a methodological approach that includes: (a) integrated analysis based on digital image processing of Landsat-4 TM, SPOT-2 HRV, RADARSAT-1 SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) and SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) data; (b) geographic information system; (c) field surveys related to geomorphology, topography and sedimentology. Mapped environments were grouped into four sectors: Sector 1, with salt marsh, fresh marsh, estuarine channel and intermittent lake; Sector 2, embracing coastal plateau, fluvial floodplain, sandflats, macrotidal beach, urban areas, artificial lakes and mudflats; Sector 3, including, paleodunes covered with grass, mangroves and mixed intertidal banks; Sector 4, constituted by mobile dunes. In addition, perennial lakes, ebb-tidal deltas and supratidal sandflats were recognized. Digital image processing visual analysis of orbital remote sensing data in association with geographic information system, proved to be effective in tropical coastal mapping, allowing the generation of products with good accuracy and cartographic precision.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um método para classificação de imagens de satélite usando Transformada Cosseno Discreta com detecção e remoção de nuvens e sombras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-28) SIRAVENHA, Ana Carolina Quintão; PELAES, Evaldo Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0255430734381362
This work proposes a supervised algorithm for classi cation of remote sensing images. It is composed by three stages: removal or smoothing of clouds, segmentation and classi cation. The removing clouds method uses homomorphic ltering to deal with obstructions caused by the presence of clouds and the Inpainting method to remove or soften the presence of dense clouds and shadows. The proposed segmentation and classi cation approaches are based on AC power coe cients of the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Classi cation is used in the supervised mode. An image database is used to evaluate the implemented algorithm. This database is composed by 14 images obtained from various sensors, which 12 have some kind of obstruction. The Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Kappa coe cient metrics are used to evaluate the removal or smoothing of clouds and shadows method. In this stage, several high-pass lters were compared to choose the most e cient. The image segmentation task is evaluated by the Edge Border Con dence (EBC) and the classi cation task is evaluated by the measure of the relative entropy and by the mean squared error (MSE). The resulting images are presented to allow the subjective evaluation by visual comparison. The experimental results show the e ciency of the proposed algorithm, especially when compared to the Spring software, distributed by the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Quantificação e avaliação de abertura no dossel em áreas de concessões florestais: Mamuru-Arapiuns-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-31) MORAES, Iranilda Silva; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The Amazonian tropical rainforests have historically been the target of non-sustainable land use practices, remain the scars of degradation from predatory logging, indiscriminate use of fire, high rates of deforestation and other activities that interfere in forest biodiversity conservation actions. In this scenario, the State actuation through policies that encourage more sustainable uses is needed, like the forest concession that seeks to contribute to natural resources conservation and maintenance of biodiversity through forest management. The generation of products like Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Linear Spectral Mixture Model and Canopy Gap Fraction was done in order to create elements of interpretation and analysis of the canopy openness variable. This research studied the Forest Management Unit I of the Mamuru-Arapiuns lot, west region of Pará state, where canopy openness of this forest concession area was quantified and evaluated through multispectral images and hemispherical photographs to analyze the degradation and quality of the management executed in this area. The results obtained showed that is possible to establish a monitoring process by the use of the sensors and technics applied, once the LSMM data, specially the unmixed image soil showed strong covariance relation with the field data from hemispherical photographs, allowing it to be considered a good warning tool to amazon forests monitoring actions. This way, it is possible to make the management of forests more accessible to the government and non-governmental or private organizations to police the logging actions and aggregate the population that live on these areas, with income opportunities and forest conservation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Reconhecimento e mapeamento dos ambientes costeiros para geração de mapas de ISA ao derramamento de óleo, Amazônia oriental
(2009) BOULHOSA, Messiana Beatriz Malato; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e
Accidents related to exploration and oil transport are a threat to coast zones around the world. Oil spills are an ecological disaster that may cause irreparable damage to the environment. In the northeast cost of Pará state the intense flow of ships and rafts transporting petroleum and flowed, then the need to establish prevention strategies and administration of the environmental sensitivity about the oil spills in a certain part of Pará state northeast cost. The methodology consisted on processing digital images from remote sensors in the Landsat ETM+7 associated to data from the SRTM (shuttle radar topography mission) digital model of elevation, and to the field data collected in a GIS (geographical information system) environment. The most important results allowed: recognizing and describing five main geomorphological; identifying and classifying nine units of Environmental Sensitivity Rates (ISA) and creation of the Environmental Sensitivity Rates map to oil spill. The remote sensors techniques and SIG proved to be important tools for recognizing coast environments and for generating proposed maps.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Transformada seno discreta com rotação de eixos bidimensional (DSTr -2D): aplicações na codificação e interpolação de imagens para redução de efeito de blocos
(Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 1998-10-29) PELAES, Evaldo Gonçalves; IANO, Yuzo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1819902045004845
This work presents a new tool for image coding and image interpolation based on the two-dimensional discrete sine transform with axis rotation (DSTr-2D). The main characteristics of this transform are the few blocking effects found in the reconstructed image and its computational simplicity. In this work, the DSTr-2D is applied to image interpolation and its performance is compared with results obtained from DCT. A method of interpolation using DCT without extrapolation is also presented. The DSTr-2D achieves a performance better than the other interpolation methods used for comparison purposes. Indeed the better performance is obtained when the sample rate is increased. The DSTr-2D is also applied to the image coding, and it was verified that its advantage relative to DCT in terms of blocking effects in the reconstructed image. The results obtained in image coding using DSTr-2D are compared with results obtained from DCT and LOT. The images were coded using scalar, gaussian, laplacian and Lloid-Max quantization Finally, the DSTr-2D is applied to performs the image coding and the image interpolation, simultaneously.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Use of synthetic aperture radar for recognition of Coastal Geomorphological Features, land-use assessment and shoreline changes in Bragança coast, Pará, Northern Brazil
(2003-09) SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are being used more extensively than ever before for geoscience applications in the moist tropics. In this investigation, a RADARSAT1-1 C-HH SAR image acquired in 1998 was used for coastal mapping and land-cover assessment in the Bragança area, in the northern Brazil. The airborne GEMS 1000 X-HH radar image acquired in 1972 during the RADAM Project was also used for evaluating coastal changes occurring over the last three decades. The research has confirmed the usefulness of RADARSAT-1 image for geomorphological mapping and land-cover assessment, particularly in macrotidal mangrove coasts. It was possible to map mangroves, salt marshes, chenier sand ridges, dunes, barrier-beach ridges, shallow water morphologies and different forms of land-use. Furthermore, a new method to estimate shoreline changes based on the superimposition of vectors extracted from both sources of SAR data has indicated that the shoreline has been subjected to severe coastal erosion responsible for retreat of 32 km2 and accretion of 20 km2, resulting in a mangrove land loss of almost 12 km2. In an application perspective, orbital and airborne SAR data proved to be a fundamental source of information for both geomorphological mapping and monitoring coastal changes in moist tropical environments.